Sezvo pane kuchinja kubva mvura kuti hwakasimba ezvinhu

Kuchinja ezvinhu panyaya chokuita metamorphosis tembiricha, kumanikidza. Imwe fuma anogona kuvapo ari zvinotevera States aggregation: zvikukutu, mvura, gaseous.

Cherechedza kuti sezvo yezwi haina kuchengetwa kuchinja zvinhu sezvamunoita. Kuchinja kubva mvura kuti hwakasimba ezvinhu ari pamwe chete nokuchinja kwakaita intermolecular nekuita mauto urongwa mamorekuru. Kushandurwa kubva ehurumende mumwe inonzi danho iitike.

utsotso

Izvi zvinosanganisira kutendeuka yakasimba iri mvura. Nokuti kwayo Implementation kunoda tembiricha yakakwirira.

Somuenzaniso, munhu anogona kuchengeta zvakasikwa ari mamiriro nyaya. Physics anotsanangura nyore muitiro kubvunda twemazaya echando pasi Zvakaitwa chitubu mwaranzi. Small Ice crystals anoumba chando, pashure muchidziisa mhepo razero kutanga hupere. Utsotso kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Chokutanga, chando absorbs chafariz simba. Sezvo tembiricha anochinja wakakwana kutendeutsa chando kuti mvura.

Zvinonzi pamwe kuwedzera PARTICIPLE velocity, chafariz simba, dzomunyika simba kwakawedzera zvikuru.

Mushure asvika chinoratidza, yainzi utsotso tembiricha, pane mamiriro yakasimba pakati pakakoromoka. In mamorekuru yakawanda rusununguko, ivo "kusvetuka", achitora nzvimbo dzakasiyana. Yakanyungudutswa acho ane hombe yakawanda simba kupfuura yakasimba mamiriro.

Kurapwa tembiricha

Kuchinja kubva mvura kuti hwakasimba rinoitwa pane imwe tembiricha. Kana kupisa asunungurwa muviri, yaita chando (crystallizes).

Temperature Kurapwa ichaongororwa chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha unhu.

crystallization

Kuchinja kubva mvura kuti hwakasimba hurumende nzvimbo inonzi crystallization. Kana mvura kupisa kuchinjirwa kugumiswa vakachengeta tembiricha kuderera kusvikira imwe ukoshi. The danho Kuchinja ane fuma kubva mvura kune yakasimba wefizikisi inonzi crystallization. Kana tichifunga zvinhu kwete ine tsvina, utsotso pfungwa unoenderana Indekisi crystallization.

Both pezvakaitwa zvishoma nezvishoma. The crystallization muitiro achabatsirwa vasanyanye pakati avhareji kinetic nesimba mamorekuru zviri mvura. Hunokwezva simba naro nezvimedu inoitwa kunyatsoteerera kuti, pakuona zvinhu zvakaoma, vari kuwedzera. Mushure nezvimedu kuwana yakarongeka urongwa, mumwe sekristaro aumba.

Uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. mamiriro anonzi chimiro zvokunyama fuma, akapa mune zvimwe zvakawanda nematambudziko uye kutonhora. It kunoratidzwa quantitative ehupfumi zviri kuchinjwa nguva nenguva vakasarudzwa:

• Kukwanisa ane fuma kushandura chimiro uye ukuru;
• Kusavapo (kuvapo) kana kumberi kuti.

The crystallization kwacho inobatanidzwa entropy, free simba, arambe achirema, dzimwe chaiko zvakawanda.

Kuwedzera mvura, zvinhu zvakaoma, gaseous chimiro, with nomumwe panyama Hurumende - plasma. It runogona magasi zvakadyiwa kuwedzera tembiricha panguva dzose kumanikidzwa.

Mapuranga pakati siyana inoti nyaya hazvisi hazvo kudzvinyirira. In wefizikisi, akasimbisa kuvapo amorphous nezvishoma, anokwanisa kuramba uinacho Urume mamiriro rine fluidity diki. Liquid crystals nhaka kukwanisa polarize ari remagetsi nemwaranzi iyo ichipfuura pavo.

mhedziso

Kuti kutsanangura siyana anoti wefizikisi kushandisa zvimwe thermodynamic kutotanga. Critical mananara anonzi rinoti anorondedzera kutendeuka rimwe danho kune mumwe. Nezvishoma akasiyana Kuchengetedzwa pamusoro nguva nguva refu kwayo chinzvimbo nepakati. Vanova zviduku nokufamba (pamwe risingamboshandisi amplitude) kumativi zvakanyatsoenzana chinzvimbo. Itai crystals vane imwe chimiro, izvo yezwi mvura mamiriro zvichachinja. Information pamusoro achibika tembiricha (utsotso) achibvumira yefizikisi vanoshandisa kuchinja kubva ehurumende chimwe zvinangwa dzinobatsira.