Smolensk mufananidzo Amai vaMwari "Hodegetria": kare, kukosha. Uripi icon Musikana "Hodegetria"

Smolensk mufananidzo Amai vaMwari "Hodegetria" semunhu mumwe iconographic marudzi. Kana uchitenda ngano, icon rakanyorwa munguva dzekare St. Luke. MuRussia, ari "Hodegetria" akazviratidza chete XI remakore. Chete XII remakore, yakasvika pakuzivikanwa se Smolensk, kana akaiswa mukereke nokufungidzira Smolensk.

Chii kunyengetera kuvake?

Munyengetero Smolensk Icon of Amai vaMwari kwemazana emakore airemekedzwa nevaKristu vazhinji uye anobatsira zvahunoita incredible zvishamiso. Smolenskaya "Hodegetria" anonzi aiva musande aive vafambi, vanobvunza naye kuichengeta munzira zvisingafadzi ezvinhu, zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, zvisingafanoonekwi matambudziko. Uyewo, akanyengetera zvose kutambura, vachikumbira kuti kudzivirira uye nokuponesa imba yako pavavengi uye vavengi. Munhau, vaKristu wakumbira rubatsiro kubva Smolensk Amai vaMwari munguva kwazvo matenda.

mhando kuvake

Zita kwemifananidzo - the Smolensk Icon of Amai vaMwari "Hodegetria". Zvikasadaro, vachadana nayo "Putevoditelnitsa". Hazvina chete Kunyanya kuvake, musoro mumwe mhando zvinyorwa Marian nziyo.

Iconography rakakamurwa marudzi anoverengeka zvinyorwa:

• Eleussa - Kubiridzira.
• Oranta - vanamati.
• Hodegetria - Putevoditelnitsa.
• Panachranta - tsvinda.
• Agiosoritissa (dzakakudzingai vacheche).

Nemamwe mashoko, zvose mifananidzo Virgin vanokamurwa muzvikwata, imwe neimwe ine yayo unhu zviri kunyora mifananidzo. Kuziva icon, unofanira chete kuona kuti nzvimbo zvinoratidza zviso Kristu Child uye Amai vaMwari.

Chii chinoratidzwa icon "Hodegetria"? Pano, mufananidzo Child zvishoma kure mufananidzo Mother. Kristu kana iye agere pamusoro ake, kana akamira pedyo. Right akabata Kristu Child, akakurira chokunyengetera. chikomborero. With ake Ukuwo Muruvoko bhuku kana mupumburu inomirira Mutemo waMwari. Mumwe dzidziso kuti nei icon anonzi "Putevoditelnitsey": Anoratidza mutendi kuti yakarurama - nzira Kristu. Mhandara ruoko hunoratidza Baby se "Zvokwadi, Nzira kuupenyu," uko vatendi vose vanofanira kutsvaka achida kutiza.

Description rekare kuvake

Maererano netsika Church kunoshamisa mufananidzo Our Lady pamusoro Smolensk akanyorwa panguva hwepasi upenyu wemhandara Mariya. Nyanzvi vakasikwa Mutsvene Evangelist Luke. Work akarayira Theophilus - yekare Andiyoki mutongi. Kubva kuAndioki icon akaunzwa kuJerusarema, uye ipapo pashure Empress Evdokia akapa hanzvadzi yake Pulcheria Emperor muna Constantinople. Pano, icon kwenguva refu akaramba ari Blachernae muchechi.

Board, iro rinoshandiswa kunyora mifananidzo, zvakawanda zvachinja pasi kurema nguva. Zvino zvakaoma kusarudza kubva izvo zviri zvakaitwa namatanda. By kurema chikuru kwazvo. Amai vaMwari anofananidzwa pachiuno. Left ruoko iye anotsigira Infant Jesu, kodzero patambo pachipfuva chake. Infant Divine muruoko rwahwo akabata mupumburu, uye kodzero kuti chokunyengetera. chikomborero. Clothing Virgin Mary rima kofi ruvara, Jesu - rima Green nendarama.

Anobatsira Lady?

Tichengetedze rugare norunyararo munyika uye mumusha ose zvichabatsira Smolensk Icon of Amai vaMwari "Hodegetria". Minyengetero Virgin, kuchengetedza vanhu vari muchiuto, munhu anodzivirira norunyararo yacho Motherland. Nyengetera kwaari, uye panguva panomuka zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Anodzivirira "Hodegetria" uye munhu wose ari nenzira kudzivirira tsaona, kubatsira kuwana gwara.

Kunzwa minyengetero enyika, otibatsira kubatsira mukadzi waMwari, Mwanakomana wake, achiteterera kukanganwira zvivi zvedu, akaponeswa kubva pakutsamwa vakarurama. Strong mubatsiri, mudziviriri Hodegetria, asi ani zvinobatsira?

Chete bogoboyaschimsya, bogonravnym, achinyengetera kunobatsira Amai vaMwari, kukudzivirira kubva inotyisa matambudziko uye zvakaipa. Vasina kutya Jehovha, akadzokera kumashure haazouyi kubatsira Amai vaMwari. Hapana chinoshamisa ichi. zvakaipa zvavo, vane zvivi zviito vanhu kechipiri pamuchinjikwa chokwadi chaKristu. Asi chii mai kuchabatsira vavengi mwanakomana wake? Amai Mwari vatadzi vanopfidza, vaya vanouya kuburikidza nokutendeuka, misodzi uye minyengetero tichikumbira kubatsirwa naMwari mhando. Anobatsira Virgin kuitira vatadzi, kuti munhu wose anoda kuva mugwara, kuisa kutanga kwavo chete upenyu. Iye hanya navanodzoka, vaya, kufanana anopambadza, akadzokera nerutendo rwaKristu, kureurura uye kukumbira ruregerero uye tinunurwe pachivi mutoro. Nevaya vasina kupfidza zvivi zvavo, asingagoveri mweya haana hanya Mhandara Yakakomborerwa Mary.

Smolensk mufananidzo Amai vaMwari. Nhoroondo chidzoke kuRussia

Pakutanga kwemireniyumu pakati Byzantine Constantine IX (1042-1054) wechipiri akapa mwanasikana wake kuroorwa yakaisvonaka Anna Russian Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich. The refu mugwagwa iye akavonga "Hodegetria" - kunoshamisa kuvake. Akanga achiperekedzwa munzira muchindakadzi pakati Constantinople kuna Chernigov hugota. Maererano neimwe shanduro, uye saka akanga zvomufananidzo ainzi "Hodegetria", kureva Putevoditelnitsey.

Mwanakomana Vsevolod Yaroslavich Vladimir Monomah hwagara muoni, akachenjera uye nedzenyu yokutungamirira nguva yake. Akava nomukurumbira sezvo norugare dzavo yechizvarigo. Haana kutarisira chete vepasi kumanikidza uye akatuma munamato rubatsiro kune Mhandara Yakakomborerwa Mary, achikumbira kubatsirwa kutumira kwake ushe mugwara. Akawira akauya inoshamisa "Hodegetria" pamusoro Smolensk muguta Chernigov. Pane akauisa mutemberi nokufungidzira Mhandara Yakakomborerwa Mary, iro rakaumbwa muna 1101. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, uye ndakagamuchira "Hodegetria" zita - ari Smolensk Icon of Amai vaMwari. Achibatsirwa naMwari, Vladimir Monomakh akakwanisa kukurira machinda vapanduka uye kuva mutungamiri mukuru Russia, apo akaruramisa norugare uye kurongeka.

Zvishamiso icon. Mercury Feat

zvishamiso zvakawanda kunge raiva icon "Hodegetria", asi zvikuru kunoshamisa runoonekwa kuna Smolensk kumununura kubva nechisimba Tatars. Muna 1239 kwaiva kunoshamisa Icon of Smolensk Amai vaMwari akaponesa guta kubva nechisimba muvengi. Residents kunzwisisa kuti havagoni kuratidza anotyisa kurwisa Tatars uye paminyengetero, zvikumbiro zvenyika vakatendeukira neMhandara Maria. Ndakanzwa mikumbiro yavo Great Mediatrix. Tatars akarega asiri kure masvingo eguta.

Munguva vari Smolensk kukupfura akashanda akazvipira Slav anonzi Mercury. Akanga akasarudzirwa Amai vaMwari ruponeso muguta. Pausiku November 24 mutemberi, kwaakaramba ari Smolensk Icon of Amai vaMwari, aiva Sexton chiratidzo. Our Lady akazviratidza kwaari ndokumuudza kuti zvakaitika Mercury, kuti akashongedza zvombo noushingi akafamba mumusasa womuvengi ndokuparadza hofori dzavo huru.

Kunzwa mashoko akadai kubva Sexton, Mercury pakarepo vakamhanyira temberi. Akawira munamato pamberi mifananidzo vatsvene uye ndikanzwa inzwi. Our Lady akakumbira uye mirayiridzo Mercury, saka akavadzivirira imba yake Smolensk kubva muvengi. Hero akanyeverwa kuti yaiva iyi usiku Horde hofori asarudza kundorwisa guta uiparadze. Amai vaMwari Mwanakomana, uye akakumbira Mwari kuti aidzivirire uye kwete kuti vapandukire yechizvarigo kumuvengi. Kristu simba Mercury aifanira kukunda hofori, asi kukunda pamwe chete vachimirira uye korona kutenda, izvo achatora kubva Kristu wako.

Vachifara misodzi yakabva Mercury meso, achinyengetera nomwoyo wose anodana rubatsiro simba raShe, akaenda kumisasa muvengi uye vakavakunda hofori. ake isingazivikanwi simba chete netariro Tatars pamberi muhondo. Vavengi vakakomba Mercury, izvozvo akatambura navo, vachiona pamberi kumeso rinoshamisa simba Mutsvene. Pashure gamba muhondo inonetesa akarara pasi kuzorora. Vakapukunyuka Tartar, vachiona vakarara Mercury, akagura musoro wake.

Ishe haana kubvumira muvengi kusiya kushatisa mutumbi kutenda, akamupa rokupedzisira simba rake. Mercury, kunyange vachiri vapenyu, vakapinda muguta uye akauya musoro wake akatsaura. With rukudzo rukuru, muviri wake akavigwa katedraali muchechi. Mercury zvakare somusande. Pakuyeuka Feat ake akapera tichibatsirwa Amai vaMwari muzita rokuponesa guta, nerimwe gore nhasi (November 24) kuita chokuvonga basa uye zvose-usiku makarinda pamberi "Odigitria". The Smolensk Cathedral of Epiphany vachiri inochengetwa shangu uye simbi Shishaki, vakanga Mercury kuti yenhamo usiku.

Asvike icon kuMoscow

Tatar-Mongol joko haana haisati vakundwa, uye muvengi itsva akamanikidza Russia kubva West. Pamuganhu kumavirira Smolensk kwazova chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinhu. Smolensk mufananidzo Amai vaMwari "Hodegetria" uye mumazuva iwayo kwaiva achipinda aidzivirira uye mudziviriri muguta.

Kwenguva pfupi nguva XIV remakore Smolensk akauya pasi basa machinda Lithuanian, "Hodegetria" akazviratidza heterodox.

Asi pano, akaponesa mufananidzo waMwari nokutungamirira. Mwanasikana mumwe Omani Duke Vitovta Sofiya akaroora Vasily Dmitrievich (1398-1425), Grand Duke kuMoscow. Ndakarayira naye mutsvene mufananidzo chena-ibwe. Saka muna 1398 Smolensk Icon of Amai vaMwari "Hodegetria" muMoscow. It paakagadzwa muna Cathedral of Annunciation, Nokururamisira Royal Masuo.

Moscow vagari pakarepo kunzwa nyasha zvinobva yekare "Hodegetria". Vanopfuura hafu yezana remakore, akanga vakanamata uye airemekedzwa ari Smolensk Icon of Amai vaMwari. Asi nokuda kwaMwari Amai vaMwari mumba kwaifanira kudzokera Smolensk yako - muKereke nokufungidzira, kuitira kudzivirira Orthodox ikoko, vakadzvinyirirwa machinda yechiLatvian mamishinari.

Kudzokera Smolensk

Muna 1456 iye akadzokera kumusha icon Yedu Lady pamusoro Smolensk. kukosha kwayo nokuti vanhu aiva chaizvo. vagari vose vakanga vakamirira wake kudzoka ave chishamiso. Uye pano muMoscow kutumira nhume, rinotungamirirwa yayo Bishop Misael. Ivo ndichichema akabvunza Grand Duke, uyo akatuma Amai Mwari Smolensk musha. Muchinda uye boyars vakarangana, uye akasarudza kuzadzisa chikumbiro. "Hodegetria" Asati akaenda Smolensk, akapfurwa naye yakarurama pasi.

ipapo vanhu vazhinji vakaungana Chechi Annunciation. Zvakanga wokutanga vakaita munamato uye yokunamata. Mhuri yose vakaungana yomuchinda kuzvidhori: muchinda, muchindakadzi nevana vavo - Boris, John uye Yuri, Andrew akaita zvishoma ake. Nokuremekedza vainamata icon. Pashure paizvozvo, nemisodzi mumaziso ake, Prince Metropolitan akabvisa yokunamatira muna Kyoto, akapa kuna maoko Bishop Misael. Akapiwa Smolensk nemamwe mifananidzo, kamwe vakabudisa, kunyange bhishopi haana kubvunza nezvazvo. mumwe kuvake Metropolitan chete akakumbira kuenda kwomuchinda mhuri - nokusingaperi Virgin uye Child. Iye rwakakomborerwa zvose mumhuri yomuchinda. Akabvuma nomufaro Duke kuvake uye akamutsvoda.

Pashure paizvozvo, mudungwe akapedza Smolensk icon yacho kuti wemamongi Mar Saba, riri pamusoro remhandara Field. Pano ini chakaitwa rokupedzisira munamato basa, pashure iro icon akaenda Smolensk.

Panguva behest yomuchinda akamupa mufananidzo akaiswa Chechi Annunciation ndimo kwemakore akawanda aiva Smolensk Icon of Amai vaMwari "Hodegetria". Zuva nezuva pane zvaitika munyengetero. List kwakaitwa Smolensk kuvake, Mukuru Duke akasiya mhuri yake.

Chaiyo mazita Smolensk kuvake akaurayiwa muna 1602. Muna 1666, iye naSamueri "Hodegetria" kuti kudzorerwa vakaendeswa Moscow. The ndandanda hwakagadzwa Smolensk nhare rusvingo (mu peshongwe) pamusoro chaipo pasuwo Dnieper. Muna 1727 ndipo rakavambwa chechi emapuranga. Muna 1802 Vakavaka chechi ibwe. Izvi Icon kwemakore akadzivirira guta kubva vakaipisisa matambudziko uye zvomunyama.

The hondo Napoleon muna 1812

Apo gurusvusvu Napoleon vakarwisa nyika yeRussia kudzivirira Shrine kubva nyangadzi yokuparadza, Smolensk Bishop Irenaeus yekare nenzira Greek "Hodegetria" ferried kuMoscow, uko akanga akachengetwa nokufungidzira Cathedral.

Mushure mauto eRussia akasiya Smolensk, kunoshamisa mazita "Hodegetria", yakaitwa 1602, akabatwa navo naye kubva muguta.

Pausiku Hondo Borodino Smolensk Icon of Amai vaMwari akabatsira masoja kuti kuvimba kukunda kwake, akafuridzira kushandisa. "Hodegetria" vakatakura kuburikidza musasa weuto Russian, masoja, akatarira, akanyengetera pamusoro payo uye akatora pakutenda uye simba romudzimu.

Nomusi apo Hondo Borodino, Smolensk Icon pamwe yekatsi uye Vladimir akanga kutakurwa Belgorod, Kremlin masvingo uye China-guta, ipapo akatumirwa Lefortovo Palace, apo vakakuvadzwa aiva. Ndisati ndabva Moscow, icon kuendeswa kuti kuchengetera muna Yaroslavl. Pashure pehondo, November 5, 1812, akanga adzokera Smolensk. Pakuyeuka kusunungurwa zuva, muvengi vakatanga kupemberera rimwe gore.

XX remakore

Akapfuura pfuurei makore zana, uye zvakare muna Russia nechisimba dzimwe nechisimba. The Great Patriotic War yakauraya upenyu hwemamiriyoni evanhu Soviet. Akamira nenzira muvengi Smolensk. Pasinei nokuti nyika yakanga pavaiita Anti-vezvitendero anoparadzirwa, zviuru akatendeka, akavimbika nyika basa, akakumbira rubatsiro kubva Mudziviriri ake "Hodegetria". Asingaoneki akabatsira vanhu Smolensk Icon of Amai vaMwari "Hodegetria". aripiko Zvino nzira yekare, Hazvizivikanwi, sezvo basa echiGiriki "Hodegetria" yakanyura. At panzvimbo yakanga iri, achiri inomira mazita Amai vaMwari, yakaitwa XVII remakore. Kwemakore akawanda anodzivirira kubva njodzi, hondo, kuparadza guta, anokomborera vakatendeka akarurama nemabasa.

Zvakare muMoscow

Pakutanga February 2015 kwaiva Smolensk Icon of Amai vaMwari "Hodegetria" muna Kristu Muponesi Cathedral. Pashure pokudzorerwa, urwo rwakatora anenge matatu apfuura, vakatendeka vakakwanisa kuona mufananidzo "Odigitria" pasina rinorema sirivha puranga. Muhoro yairema 25 makirogiramu akaitwa 1954 pamusoro mipiro yose Smolyan. Mumakore pashure pehondo, inorema mari kuzoponesa kuzvidhori aigona kunzi rinokosha rubatsiro chevarwere, saka kuyeuka kuti mari richachengetedzwa uye chakaratidzwa Cathedral iri kubvuma yoga.

Icon akagara muMoscow kusvikira February 10. February 15, pashure penguva refu zvakare vakasangana Smolensk, yoku- zvakatora panzvimbo yayo, kuzodzosera udzivirire yekwako.

Ndizvo yakadaro zvekare uye dzinonakidza nhoroondo, izvo anotiziva Smolensk Icon of Amai vaMwari. Photos kuzosimbisa akasiyana akawanda "Protectress", ivo vose nokuungana sakaramendi chitsvene, achibatsira inopfumisa vakatendeka simba mupfungwa uye kutenda muchokwadi Mwanakomana waMwari.