The chitundumusere-musere 'Orion ": tsananguro, nhoroondo

The ramangwana yasvika. Space pakufamba uye ngarava interplanetary, Nhepfenyuro vanhu pamusoro Moon uye Mars uye kwenguva refu kugara yevanhu muchadenga mamiriro havachaoni sokuti zvokungofungidzira. Nokubudirira astronautics, nzvimbo ubanguranyika uye achangobuda Zvakawanikwa yefizikisi vakaita pakutanga remakore wedu, akafanana kuguma rokupedzisira kuti Internet. Time chokwadi, kukura kufunga uye zvemari chokwadi. Dzakawanda makambani dzakawanda kushanda mumunda nzvimbo michina muzvirongwa kuuya muende, achipa zvokudya kukura hwokusika fungidziro. Embody chokwadi rombo pamusoro zvose. American nzvimbo chirongwa nzvimbo chikepe "Orion" yava chokwadi. Pairi, mamwe mabasa, tarisiro nzvimbo ubanguranyika, uye aitaura munyaya ino.

General buri

"Orion" - chinhambwe chikepe azvino chizvarwa, vane basa - kuunza vanhu kudarika muchadenga Wepasi. Vaine yazvino reusable Kamudzira anoiswa pamusoro kanda motokari Delta IV Heavy, achaita kutakura vashandi kuti muchadenga kunoongorora matanhatu uye kare muna 2030 achadzinga munhu Mars. Ndivo urongwa zvakataurwa mune National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Muna December 2014 chitundumuseremusere chakasvitsa "Orion" maawa 4,5 akagara Earth muchadenga uye akasvika muna Pacific Ocean, achiratidza mukana kuzadziswa zvirongwa. Heat nhoo Kamudzira uye parachuti hurongwa vakaedzwa zvinobudirira. Kuputsa bvunzo mari inenge $ 350 miriyoni, asi ivo vakawira pfupi pamusoro tariro dzakawanda pamusoro nzvimbo chikepe "Orion". Photos uye mavhidhiyo kwenguva refu dzatora inosvika vezvenhau uye pfungwa nyika munharaunda. Index akabhururuka masere zviuru nhoroondo 18.300 mafomu kwevadzidzi kuti muchadenga kunoongorora pamusoro nzvimbo chikepe "Orion". chikepe nezvekutanga firimu wakazviunganidza mu vhidhiyo nemitambo rekodhi nhamba maonero.

Saka kure, zvikuru-kupfuura

Chakagadzirirwa mumufananidzo uye vakafanana "Apollo", chikepe ichi ndicho ichangobva chizvarwa multi-aigarira chitundumusere-musere (Multi-Chinangwa Crew Vehicle). Kubvira makore 2000s, pamwe reusable aigarira chitundumusere-musere yakagadzirwa pasi muchadenga chirongwa US 'reKesiri' chinzvimbo.

The chitundumusere-musere 'Orion "rine reusable uye aigarira Kamudzira uye basa module. The Kamudzira chakagadzirwa Aerospace vesangano Lockheed Martin kuti NASA chikumbiro. Module akanga wakarayirwa neEuropean Space Agency (ESA), uye dzikabereka naye boka Airbus Defense uye Space. Chinhu chikuru dzakawanda pakubatsirana chirongwa mumunda nzvimbo shipbuilding.

In kushandiswa zvinyorwa muudzame marongerwo uye michina zvechadenga ndege. Nokuti muverengi nyore ndiko ruzivo yainetsa uye kujeka inotsanangura chitundumusere-musere 'Orion'. Design uye kushandiswa "zveOrionhi" ane vanoverengeka chaiwo zvinhu uye yatiri kugara.

"Orion", "Apollo", shuttles uye vamwe

Pakuonekwa uye kuumba yakafanana capsules "Apollo" uye Russian "Soyuz". Hazvina chimiro ichi Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kana iwe anongoerekana mhepo uye kufamba mairi. Absorção de Água yebongozozo kupisa kunoitika achishandisa ablative kupisa nhoo, iyo kupiswa zvinenge zvakakwana panguva kumhara uye nyore chikatsiviwa kuti ndege itsva.

The kuzvidzora Hurongwa pazvikanganiso chete-makirisito PowerPC 750FX processors, izvo zvakaita kuti vezvenhau kuti vanoti "Orion" haasi akangwara kupfuura smartphones vanhasi. Asi Developers akatsanangura pakusarudza mugadziriro yakakwirira date rakavimbika pasi vibration akaipisisa, tembiricha nokufamba uye yepasi pose nemwaranzi.

The chitundumusere-musere 'Orion' ane mumwe itsva yepamusoro. Maererano nheyo modules chinogona kubatanidzwa muchikepe chinhu. By dzimwe injini kutakura nezvikamu. Vezvenhau pakarepo akaritumidza "nzvimbo rori".

Kusiyana Space Shuttle, kuitirwa university, nzvimbo chikepe "Orion" riri vakapakata chikamu, sezvo hurongwa simba rokudzivirira uye Kununurwa muchadenga kunoongorora pakutanga. The Hurongwa rwoga Minamato haipindurwe pamusoro chitundumuseremusere michini, vachagara kutakura vashandi kubva kuputika mapazi uye zvinopa kumhara zvakanaka.

The "Orion": kutanga

Chirongwa, inonzi "Orion" akaberekwa muna San Diego muna 1958 mu dzakadzikira zvakasimba "General Atomics» (General Atomics). vabereki vake - the kunozivikanwa yefizikisi renyukireya Frederick Hoffman, co-rakanyorwa Theodore Taylor. Chinangwa vakamisa pachavo, - huri zvakachipa uye nyore kutanga chitundumusere-musere inokwanisa aimhanya pedyo kumhanya chiedza. Panobva kuvaka yakanga yenyukireya kupomba chitundumuseremusere putika. Vakasarudza kuti kutsiva simbi kuputika kamuri nenhoo, iyo pakarepo kuchasvika zvakananga zvairatidza uye aibuda mwero kusvika 10 000 km / s. mhosva Zvenyukireya nesimba mumwe kilotons chirongwa vabudiswa mungarava uye raputika 60 metres kubva nhovo panguva imwe nguva zvikamu.

The "Orion": zvamuipira

It yaigadzirwa zvishoma yokutevedzera Pushers akadaro, uye muna 1959 akapfuura wokutanga bvunzo pamwe kushanda installation ari kukwirira 100 metres. Pulse Motor akasimbisa mukana yakasimbisa kutiza. Nhoo anewo kuchinja, uye pamusoro pemvura, kwakasarudzwa kuti mwaya graphite girisi.

Chirongwa yakagadzirwa kwemakore 12, ane mutengo $ 24 bhiriyoni. NASA haritsigiri zvino chirongwa pamwe propulsion zvenyukireya, uye chirongwa yakavharwa. Pashure nokusaina muna 1964 kubva munyika chibvumirano kuti kurambizwe zvenyukireya Kuputika vari muchadenga, mhepo uye nenyika "Orion" chirongwa akatendeukira yakapanduka.

Kwaari kare 2000s sorutivi kwehurongwa kukura aigarira chitundumusere-musere "renyeredzi". Development uye kuvakwa kambani tasked Lockheed Martin. Uye wokutanga "Orion" chitundumusere-musere akanga vakabudirira raparurwa uye tikamira muna 2014. NASA vaakaruramisawo zvavaitarisira.

"Orion": tariro yeramangwana

Muna March 2017, US Congress vachibvumirana yakatendera NASA bhajeti kuti $ 19.1 mabhiriyoni 2018 - anenge $ 200 billion kupfuura gore rapera.

In Congress, bhiri iroro kuti vanhu vanofanira kuva pamusoro pemvura Mars muna 2030.

Eya, tarisiro "Orion" chirongwa vari zvinokurudzira uye zvinofadza Kuwanikwa mikana zvemari. Restarting chitundumuseremusere chakasvitsa kupinda muchadenga yava kuda 2018, uye makore anoverengeka gare gare ndokuchinja chinhu aigarira basa. The sangano iri kushanda iri kugadzirira uye kugadzira mapurogiramu matsva.

tarisiro hwokugadzira

NASA haamiri vachiri, uye funga siyana zvirongwa yomuchadenga kufamba. Kunyange futuristic: nanokorabley chirongwa, kuzvicheka-kuporesa pose renyeredzi, kana Laser maseiri.

Kubva kuma 1990, inoshandiswa achiitisa misangano wokutsvakurudza mune nzvimbo propulsion, apo akanakisisa yefizikisi uye mainjiniya funga mabasa ose uye dzidziso. Chirongwa ari kutsvaga budiriro muviri misimboti tariro quantum wefizikisi musangano yomuchadenga kufamba.

The unoyevedza chirongwa - ndiko kushandisa antimatter sechinhu simba mabviro intergalactic kufamba. Vanhu atogamuchira Anti nyaya, uye kunyange vakawana nzira kuchengetera nayo. Wadii kubhururuka pamusoro payo kuti nyeredzi?

Fantastic tarisiro: mutopota Krasnikova

"The chinovhura curvature" ari Sci-Fi dzinoti "Star kudii" hakusi kudaro zvakazonaka. Power chirimwa "Alcubierre injini" compressing nzvimbo-nguva pamberi uye mushure anowedzera, akaratidza hunonzi. Kubvira 2012, zviitiko zvakadaro Sydney University masayendisiti.

Pfungwa dzake "nguva sefuro" Mikel Alcubierre yakabudiswa muna 1994. Papera gore yefizikisi kubva Moscow Sergey Krasnikov vakatodzidzisa pamusoro mudziyo kuti achapa kufamba muchadenga ari kumhanya kupfuura kumhanya chiedza.

curvature iyi nzvimbo iri "wormhole" akasika artificially. Maererano nepfungwa dzake, kuti asitironati vachadzoka panguva iyoyo, apo akaenda rwendo. Izvi zvichaitika nokuda chitundumusere-musere inofamba kuburikidza zvimwe kukura uye curved nzvimbo-nguva.