The dokeriro, shwashwa yacho dokeriro. Kudeuka shwashwa pamusoro dokeriro

Mumwe anatomical hurongwa rokumusoro kufema turakiti ndiyo dokeriro. Munhuwo zvake zvinoita kuti Mobile handset, riri pane imwe nzvimbo iri kwayo nokudzika rine pahuro zvinokonzera zvinobatanidzwa paumbwe inzwi. Kazhinji ruzivo urwu kupera. Kutaura zvazviri, zvose zviri zvishoma zvikuru yakaoma. Saka munofanira kutaura izvi zvizere.

kwakaita nzvimbo yacho

The dokeriro riri pakatarisana IV, V uye VI ari remuromo vertebrae, pakarepo mushure kutanga mashoko hyoid pfupa uye achipfuura pamberi mutsipa. Shure kwake iri sveta. It ane mashoko kubva dokeriro kuburikidza nomukova dokeriro, asi kuitira kuti zvokudya asingadi kusvika mumapapu, uye mhepo - mudumbu, muzvarirwo akagovera zvakadaro chinokosha sezvo epiglottis, iyo anovhara pharynx lumen panguva zvokufuridzirwa uye vachambokanganwa kuti dokeriro panguva pakuparadza, kugoverana saka kuti mashandiro nhengo idzi.

On kana divi dokeriro yakakura neurovascular chiputu pamutsipa uye pamberi zvose izvi rinosanganisira tsandanyama, fascia, uye thyroid shwanu. Kubva apa, ruchapinda muruoko trachea, uye ipapo - ari principales.

Kunze tsandanyama chezvinonhuwira shwashwa ichiri anomiririrwa mapfumbamwe nehafu zvenzeve, kuona kuvimbika nenyere mufambo.

Kunyanya varume

A maitiro chepfungwa nemamiriro dokeriro iri akasimba sex kuvapo chaAdhamu apuro kana Adhamu apuro. Ndizvo chikamu thyroid shwashwa, izvo kuti asingazivikanwi kwezvikonzero, asi doro nyasha nevanhu pane vakadzi. Kunyange zvingava nomusoro wokuti apfuudzire neizvi mamiriro, nokuti tsandanyama chakafanana pamutsipa, inova kufukidza shwashwa, vakadzi simba.

anatomi

The dokeriro iri mhango, iyo yakafukidzwa kubva mukati riri kumeso uye nyorova mucheka - mucosa. Conventionally, iyo mhango yose muviri muzvikamu zvitatu: rokumusoro, pakati uye ezasi. Top - mumwe berere of dokeriro, ivo watetepeswa vari fanera chimiro. Avhareji - ndiwo musiyano uri pakati wechokwadi uye venhema Vocal pazvirugu. Rezasi chikamu rinoshandiswa yokukurukura pamwe trachea. Anokosha uye kunzwisisa mu mamiriro wedhipatimendi - avhareji. Heano shwashwa nemarunda ari dokeriro, kuburikidza iro inzwi riri kuumbwa.

Education manzwi

The nzvimbo pakati pahuro zvinokonzera anonzi "glottis". Achidzikisa dokeriro alters makakatanwa tambo uye mutswe configuration kuchinja. Kana munhu exhales, mhepo inopfuura nomunyika glottis, zvichiita netambo kuzunguza tsandanyama. Izvi ndizvo zvinoita kuti tive akataurwa ruzha, zvakadai mavhawero. Kuti kureva nzvanyira inzwi, unofanira achiri kubatanidzwa mukanwa, rurimi, mazino uye miromo. Kwakarongeka basa dzinovabvumira kutaura, nziyo uye kunyange kutevedzera ruzha kwezvakatipoteredza uye kutevedzera manzwi nevamwe vanhu kana mhuka. inzwi zvinonyadzisa mukati varume nokuda kwavo anatomical shwashwa Hwakareba, izvo zvinoreva kuti zununguka rukuru amplitude.

ontogeny

The nemamiriro dokeriro uye dzingasiyana zvichienderana nezera munhu wacho. Izvi pamwe nei vanhu vari kutyora inzwi pashure pakuyaruka. Vachangoberekwa navacheche vane pfupi uye yakafara huro, zviri dzakakwirira kupfuura munhu mukuru. Hazvina rozhkovidnyh schitopodyazychnyh shwashwa nemarunda. Zvichatora wokupedzisira kuoneka chete makore gumi nematatu.

Rusvingo dokeriro

Kana ukatarira munhu topographical nemaonero, kubva kunze kusvikira mukati ayo akaturikidzana ndeinotevera:

• Leather.
• Subcutaneous tishu.
• Cartilages, nemarunda, tsandanyama.
• Fiber-kwakavharwa nenyama mumuhara (anomiririrwa connective tishu).
• Mucous - a multicore ciliated epithelium uye kutadza connective zvinyama fibers, izvo fused wambotaurwa rukoko.
• Rokunze connector ndiro - kwakavharwa nenyama shwashwa anofukidza dokeriro.

Vanachandagwinyira marangwanda of dokeriro

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, pane vari phylogenetically kuumbwa chikwata inotsigira dokeriro. Laryngeal cartilages vari hafu zvindori gobvu wakabata yasara chaionekwa pamutsipa mugove uye muviri vachipa maonero negomba chubhu. Pakati pavo ivo kunofambidzana nemarunda. Kusiyanisa pakati kuroorwa uye aiwanzopiwa wokushanda cartilages yacho dokeriro.

vasina cartilages

The anatomi muviri tiri vatatu shwashwa, izvo zvisina dzomuzana. Unpaired laryngeal cartilages zvakarongwa pamusoro chete akabatana, rimwe pamusoro mumwe.

1. Epiglottic shwashwa, kana epiglottis ndiyo bwendefa, chimiro chakatodzana ruva shizha reruva kana shizha. The yakafara Chikamu riri kumusoro thyroid shwashwa, uye yakatetepa, achiri kunzi hunde kuda kwayo rwomukati pakona.
2. Thyroid - kupfuura shwashwa ari dokeriro, rakamiswa pakati epiglottis uye cricoid shwashwa. zita rayo anoenderana zvose chimiro uye mashandiro chikamu ichi muviri. Thyroid shwashwa of dokeriro ndiko kudzivirira menzvimbo dambudziko. It chakaumbwa nemakomo maviri rectangular mahwendefa fused pakati. Panguva iyi, muhomba achiumbwa pamusoro paine pakukwirira kwaro, iro anotakura pahuro zvinokonzera. Kumativi bwendefa vari aiwanzopiwa wokushanda zvinoshandiswa - nyanga (okumusoro). Avo vari nechepasi, zvakajeka pamwe cricoid shwashwa, uye musoro - pamwe hyoid pfupa. On rokunze kurutivi shwashwa aine oblique mutsetse chikamu kuti izvo dzakabatanidzwa dzokunze tsandanyama ari dokeriro.
3. Cricoid shwashwa of dokeriro - ndiyo hwaro marangwanda muviri. Kuumba zvachose rinoenderana zita; rwakaita chomunhu mhete, yakadzama Chimhete kare. Kurutivi rumwe norumwe kune articular pamusoro kuti kubatana kuti arytenoid uye thyroid shwashwa. Ndicho chechipiri pakukura shwashwa yacho dokeriro.

aiwanzopiwa wokushanda cartilages

Ndivowo matatu, nokuti hunhu anoda symmetry uye nokupa kuratidza kuti rudo chero zvinoita nyaya:

1. Cherpalovdnye. Arytenoid shwashwa of dokeriro riri kuumbwa akafanana mativi Pyramid ane chakaderedzwa mutengo rakatarira negotsi uye zvishoma vakananga nepakati muviri. Chawo chikamu vagari pamusoro pamwe cricoid shwashwa. In kumakona mapiramidhi vari dzakabatanidzwa tsandanyama: mberi - Voice uye neshure - neshure uye mberi perstnecherpalovidnye netsandanyama.
2. Rozhkovidnye pamusoro misoro arytenoid shwashwa.
3. The achikanganisa yemanyorero iri supraglottic-akavhomora pazvirugu ayo. Okupedzisira majoko maviri cartilages vari sesamoid uye anogona dzinosiyana chimiro uye chinzvimbo.

idzodzo zvose izvi zvinoumbwa kuva muviri yakadai muromo. The shwashwa of dokeriro nemabasa zvakafanira kuramba upenyu hwandaiva hwevanhu. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka pachinhu phonation.

majoini

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, cartilages zvakabatanidzwa pamwe nemarunda uye mapfundo. Muna dokeriro muri mbiri mbiri rwakashodoka:

1. Pakati cricoid uye thyroid shwashwa. Vari akaumba parutivi hukawanika pamusoro cricoid shwashwa dziri yakabatana rezasi norunyanga thyroid. Kana uchityaira iyi vagari shwashwa Makakatanwa zvinosiyana, uye naizvozvo, kukwirira kwenzwi.
2. Pakati cricoid uye arytenoid cartilages. Zvinonzi akaumba articular hukawanika (dzapasi dziri chepiramidhi) arytenoid shwashwa uye cricoid shwashwa articular nzvimbo. Kutamira tichishandisa kune mumwe, izvi anatomical hurongwa kushandura upamhi glottis.

mwanda

Somunhu Mobile muviri, nemarunda vane zvikuru sei kuti vavake dokeriro. The shwashwa of dokeriro vakaramba vari simba zvakanyatsoenzana achishandisa connective tishu tambo:

1. Schitopodyazychnaya boka - zviri chikamu guru schitopodyazychnoy Kamudzira, kuburikidza iyo yose dokeriro wanamatira kune hyoid pfupa. Kubudikidza handicho ari neurovascular tsapo unokupai muviri.
2. Schitonadgortannaya shwashwa inobatsira kubatanidza epiglottis kusvika thyroid shwashwa.
3. Hyoepiglottidean boka.
4. Perstnetrahealnaya shwashwa rinobatanidza dokeriro kusvika gurokuro, vasiyana shwashwa yacho dokeriro wokutanga.
5. Conic tsapo anosanganisa cricoid uye thyroid cartilages. Zviri chaizvoizvo kuenderera kwakavharwa nenyama Kamudzira unomhanya pamwe romukati pechiso dokeriro. Ndicho zvakaturikidzaniswa pakati shwashwa uye mucous.
6. Vocal pazvirugu - chezvibereko kwakavharwa nenyama cône, akafukidza inzwi tsandanyama.
7. Cherpalonadgortannaya boka.
8. Yazychnonadgortannye shwashwa akabatana pamudzi rurimi uye Anterior pechiso epiglottis.

tsandanyama

Pane vaviri classifications pakati tsandanyama yacho dokeriro. Chokutanga - zviri dzichipfekeka. It runoparadzanisa zvose tsandanyama mu:

• Constrictors, iyo nhete kuti glottis uye mhango pakati dokeriro, zvichiita kuti zviomere mhepo kuyerera.
• Dilators, zvakakodzera kuwedzera dokeriro uye glottis, ukuwo.
• Muscle, inokwanisa vachichinja makakatanwa ari pahuro zvinokonzera.

Maererano wechipiri kupatsanura, vari rakakamurwa kwokunze uye dzakawanda. About navo vakurukure zvizere.

extraocular tsandanyama

Extraocular tsandanyama sokunge rakaputirwa dokeriro. Laryngeal cartilages vachitsigirwa kwete chete mukati, asi kunze. Anatomists conventionally vagovane boka munzvimbo mbiri rokunze mumwe: wokutanga anogona kunzi avo tsandanyama kuti vasiyana thyroid shwashwa, uye wechipiri - vari vasiyana mapfupa chiso marangwanda.

First boka:

• grudinoschitovidnaya;
• schitopodyazychnaya.

Wechipiri boka:

• grudinopodyazychnaya;
• scapular-hyoid;
• shilopodyazychnaya;
• digastric;
• mentohyoid.

zvemukati tsandanyama

Zvakakodzera kuti vachinje nzvimbo epiglottis, uye kumubatsira aite mabasa ayo, uye kuchinja configuration yacho glottis. tsandanyama idzi dzinosanganisira:

• Cherpalonadgortannaya kuti unoumba cherpalonadgortannuyu muchirugu. Panguva pakuparadza marwadzo ose tsandanyama ichi anochinja nzvimbo epiglottis zvokuti overlaps pamukova huro uye havana kurasikirwa kudya.
• Schitonadgortannaya nekusiyana, apo achidzikisa epiglottis kuminyuka pamusoro uye kunozarura huro.
• Lateral perstnecherpalovidnaya vanogadzirisa upamhi glottis. Kana ipfupi, pane convergence pakati nemarunda uye glottis anova.
• Back perstnecherpalovidnaya wakaderedzwa panguva femero, uye Vocal matanga voga, kudhonza neshure uye mativi, vachibvumira mhepo ipfuure mberi munzvimbo kufema turakiti.
• Voice tsandanyama ndiye anokonzera zvechadenga pahuro zvinokonzera, sezvo vari refu kana pfupi, kugadzikana kana vasununguke, kana zvakafanana pachinhu mumwe. Kubva basa tsandanyama napo matauriro, aberrations ake, dzinobudisa inzwi mano.

Mashandiro ari dokeriro

Wokutanga basa Chokwadi, chinofema. Zvino kunoratidzwa nokugadzirisa mhepo nokuyerera kuburikidza kufema turakiti. Kuchinja glottis upamhi haibvumiri mhepo panguva femero Pasina kuwira trachea uye principales. Asiwo, mhepo havagoni kutiza mumapapu zvakare nokukurumidza apo asina vakapfuura gasi exchange.

Ciliated epithelium of mucous Kamudzira pamusoro dokeriro achipfeka basa rayo rechipiri - unodzivirira. Zvinoita sokuti nezvimedu diki guruva uye zvokudya regai kuwira rezasi kufema turakiti nokuda kwakarongeka basa cilia. Mukuwedzera, tsinga harinzwi mu yakatarwa varipo pamusoro mucosa, zvamugere tisanzwe miviri vavatorwa panguva dzishande vanotsamwisa vangakosora. Panguva iyi epiglottis anovhara pasuo dokeriro, uye hapana mutorwa rinomupotsa. Kana chinhu achiri yaiva dokeriro, shwashwa ari dokeriro reflexively kushamwaridzana mumwe, uye pane pindana glottis. Izvi, kune rumwe rutivi, kunotadzisa ingress zvokudya uye zvimwe miviri vari principales, mumwe - overlaps mhepo. Kana rubatsiro asingadi anosvika nokukurumidza, munhu anofa.

Last pane yatakanyora pasi - golosoobrazovatelnaya kushanda dokeriro. Zviri chose novimba anatomical nemamiriro dokeriro uye sei munhu ane Vocal midziyo yake. In nedanho kukura vanhu kudzidza kutaura, nziyo, kudzokorora nhetembo uye prose, kutevedzera manzwi mhuka kana machemero kwezvakatipoteredza, uye vamwe vanhu dzimwe nguva kunyange kutevedzera. The wakakwirira pamwero kudzora muviri wako, mikana yakawanda pane muvanhu.

Izvi pfupi zvakajairika topographical anatomi uye physiology yacho dokeriro. Kubva Nyaya zvawakadzidza sei zvinokosha kushanda womunhu muviri mubasa uye kuti laryngeal cartilages zvinoita basa rinokosha pano. Pamusana kwaari, watinotaura kufema, taura uye poperhaemsya ose nguva chinhu chokudya. Sezvineiwo, zviri zvikuru kubatwa zvimwe zvirwere uye neoplastic pezvakaitwa