The oligarchy zvemari - chii ichi? Nzira yokutongwa mari oligarchy

Financial masangano, kunyanya mabhanga, pamwe kukura upfumi ndiwo mamiriro maindasitiri emakambani akadai co-varidzi, zvokutengeserana, nezvifambiso uye vamwe kuburikidza pakuunganidza migove uye zvisungo. Business varidzi, akavapindurawo, kuwana vaiva migove uye zvisungo wakabudiswa mabhanga, izvo chokuita navo. Izvi zvinotungamirira nokuumbwa guru uye capitalist kurukiswa indasitiri. Zvinoguma itsva mhando guru - zvemari.

Interweaving guta - inotungamirwa pachake uny

The intertwining rwezvemabhengi uye mumaindasitiri guta kunotungamirira kuti paumbwe ukama pakati varidzi maindasitiri nevhu rakawandisa uye muvambi kubhengi. Vamwe vanhu kuikunda guru chindingindingi indasitiri, pamusoro rwezvemabhengi masangano vemamwe emisasa sectors ari capitalist upfumi. Chiitiko wakanzi "oligarchy zvemari." Izvi hazvisi yakasiyana nedzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu chero nyika. Rapanzvimbo micheka kwemashoko mari vane tsika dzakawanda.

Oligarchy munyika

The oligarchy zvemari - kutanga kuti hunooneka munyika dzakawanda. Funga Germany, izvo pamusoro avaida World War First, 6 nemabhangi vaiva vamiririri muzvinzvimbo zveutungamiri muna 344 makambani kubva maindasitiri nemauto, vamiririri hurumende 407 uye 751 mumiririri pachena nemauto. Kuwanda Bank mamaneja hazvina asingasviki 51 maindasitiri. Union zvaibudirira kwenguva refu. US zvemari oligarchy aiva akasiyana format. A nepaburi revarume mazana mana, yaisanganisira maindasitiri uye vokubhengi, akatora vanenge 705 utariri zvinzvimbo 250 makambani kuti zvaiva 42% munyika guru.

In nerimwe capitalist nyika dzose mapazi upfumi uye Ruzhinji rwakapindura mumagariro upfumi rinokosha neKomisheni mubatanidzwa vokubhengi simba uye maindasitiri. Management of capitalist nevhu rakawandisa uye vane mari oligarchy. Izvi hazvisi chaiwo tsanangudzo, asi chaizvoizvo mashoko acho ari zvichishandurwa se "kwaizoita kwevashomanana."

The zvemari oligarchy - Fani iyi kwakapararira uye zvakajairika kuti nyika dzakawanda dzenyika, kusanganisira Russia. Nokuda chokuti guta wokuRussia ndiye muduku European zvose, akamanikidzwa kutora kubatsirwa vatorwa guta pamberi chimurenga. Foreign zvikwereti zviri zvikuru kushandiswa nhasi zvose sezvo kwaanoita uye rubatsiro kune private kugadzirwa format. kufarira Russia ari zvikwereti kwakakonzera hurumende kukwezva mapoka Western Europe. Saka, mari oligarchy munyika iri kusimbiswa vakawanda kunze, uye anoshandira pamwe dzimwe capitalists.

The upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu

The pakudzorwa kwevashomanana zvakunoita sectors zvose pebasa hurumende, kusanganisira upfumi. The oligarchy zvemari, tsanangudzo iyo kunoenderana kutungamirirwa nawo zvinoratidzwa "Kupinda mamiriro" nemanyorerwo ari upfumi. The Chaizvoizvo inobva ive boka revanhu huru vadyi wemari wekambani, uyo misoro boka. Ndicho boka chete, pamwe chete ive nzvimbo nokudzora rokutambudzikira, ane simba kunyange pamusoro "subsidiaries", iro dzinewo pachavo kumawadhi avo guru. The zvemari oligarchy uye ayo nzira yokutongwa kubvumira mabhosi zvemari kushandisa yakakura mari dzekunze mari.

paumbwe oligarchy

Muna US oligarchy yaisanganisira mapoka 8 zvemari muEngland pamusoro itsvo ndezvaJehovha dzinoverengeka mazana vanhu muFrance vakavhura mhuri 200 anozivikanwa muItaly - zvishoma pane 150. The zvemari oligarchy - kunzwisisa utariri chimiro, paumbwe iri rinokosha. Batsirawo kwokungosimbisa maumbirwo indasitiri neshamwari uye shamwari netsika, kuva murayiro uye zvemarudzi ose makirabhu. Kuvimbika Pfungwa muvanhu kunotibvumira kuwedzera simba nokure kugadzirwa kuti superstructure. Icho upenyu evanhu uye pasi shamwari dzakadai kuzviitira sezvo mari oligarchy. Kukosha kunyange Pakadaro sokudzidziswa unyanzvi vashandi uye kutarisira vakadzidza.

kutora vanhu

Nokuti kuitwa nehurumende hofisi yakatetepa of Company akaumba rakagadzirwa nevanhu voruzhinji achibatsirwa akakurumbira nevezvenhau. It rakapa mupfungwa hwaro imwe mhando, iyo chitonge yose mamiriro mutongo vepamusoro. Kirasi Mutongo Political vanochengetedza simba rayo kuburikidza Pfungwa simba. Hazvina chete nevezvenhau, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvakamubaya magariro vane chikoro, kubatsira pamwe zuva upenyu mhuri. Saka, vanhu muzvinzvimbo zveutungamiri, asi regai kutsigira echimurenga mashoko vari rwoga kubatanidza mutongo midziyo.

The zvemari oligarchy - chiri pamwero mukuru chaiyo

The zvemari oligarchy iri kushingaira anoshandisa nenhungamiro of facto chindingindingi, kupa guru uye kuwedzera mari kubva sangano rwakashodoka vapfuwi Makambani kubudikidza nyaya migove kuna zvisungo, kubva urongwa zvikwereti ehurumende uye pamwero mukuru hurumende zvibvumirano. Kusimbiswa mumaoko akasimba, guta guru zvemari anoramba anounganidza mutero kubva kuruzhinji uye pamwero, muromo chindingindingi bourgeoisie.

Kuumba nyika mumagariro kuzvidzora

Zvemari uye mumaindasitiri vepamusoro anoshandisa zvechigarire kudzora sarudzo, kwete chete mune zvoupfumi mutemo, asiwo munzanga bhora. Zvinonzi spliced kuva chete simba rose kwoupfumi pamusoro nevhu rakawandisa uye Bourgeois hurumende simba. State chindingindingi uye kuzvidzora nepurogiramu yakagadzirirwa kubvisa kurwisana capitalism vari, pakupedzisira, zvinodiwa simba vanhu.

Mumwe shoma zviitiko munyika, iyo akafukidza iyoyo, zvose nyika - ndiye oligarchy zvemari. Chii, achakwanisa kunzwisisa, kana isu kufungidzira kutambudzwa kunokanganisa kwayo vanhu munyika yose. Elite, iyo yakaomerera mumaoko zvose pazvinhu yesangano munyika, kushingaira kutsvaka internationalization zvinhu zvose uye kunosimbisa kuti kusangana urongwa, zvakanyatsorongwa anovandudza dzakawanda maindasitiri uye bhangi nevhu rakawandisa. Izvi anoumba chidzoke mapoka nemari dzakawanda chechetere. Izvi zvinosimbisa nokupiringidza zvido oligarchs pasi pose, izvo zvinoita kuti paumbwe imwe simba kusimba.

Kuchinja nemamiriro oligarchy mukufamba shanduka

The oligarchy zvemari kuRussia, muna America uye mune dzimwe nyika nyika pamusoro kwenguva, kuchinja pamwe kukura ehurumende-chindingindingi capitalism uye Kushanduka capitalist pfuma format. Kunyange panguva yatinenge predominance pakati imperialist oligarchy, mari indasitiri kwaibva zvikurukuru nokuda kupfungwa mhuri uye dzinza. Somuenzaniso, mashoko Rockefeller Group uye Dupont, MELLON uye Peugeot vamwe. Wevasungwa okuwana uye kuwedzera uwandu zvekunyepera guta pachiimbwa makwikwi pakati monopolistic mibatanidzwa vakauya panzvimbo yokutanga remunharaunda Pfungwa paumbwe uye nokusimbaradza nzvimbo oligarchy. The kuwedzera kuitika Zvakacherechedzwa mune post-hondo nguva 1939-1945. Pano hune nzvimbo anotevera mapoka zvemari yakabuda munyika, Chicago uye California, Boston uye Bavaria, vamwe. Tikafunga kukura yemakwikwi atova 50-70th. akararamazve neactivated mhuri dynastic nenhungamiro inotungamirwa mapoka zvemari. Muenzaniso: Getty Empire uye Hunt, Thurn uye Taxis, Kuhlmann-Stum. In nguva ino zvakanzi zvakanyorwa Implementation pamusoro nemamiriro zvemari oligarchy pakati Mamaneja chikuru munyika yose. The pakudzorwa mari oligarchy, akadai zvinowedzerwa uye anoramba kuwedzera kupokanidzana kwete chete pakati proletariat uye bourgeoisie, asiwo kukonana pakati kusimukira uye dzakabudirira.