The Red Book of Kostroma nharaunda: mhuka uye zvinomera

The Red Book - Nde gwaro, rine zvinhu pamusoro mamiriro isingawanzowanikwi uye pangozi chirimwa uye mhuka mhando munyika. Pahwaro mashoko aya rinoitwa kukudziridza yesayenzi uye anobatsira nezviyero nokuda kudzivirirwa uye kubereka zvishoma specimens.

Red Books akasiyana siyana (dzakawanda, National uye emunharaunda).

Red Book of Russian Federation

Basa riri Red bhuku Russia ano kwakatangwa muna 1992, asi bhuku pacharo yakabudiswa chete muna 2001. Kubvira ipapo, zvakatanga kuonekwa romunharaunda Red Data Books chokuita chete kune vamwe chaizvo nzvimbo kana mucheto. Mabhuku aya anoshandawo Red Book of Kostroma nharaunda. Mhuka nezvinomera akanyorwa ichi annotated edition, vaifarira vanhu, kwete chete Kostroma nharaunda, asiwo vagari Russian Federation.

Nyaya Iri pfupi mazita mhuka Red Book of Kostroma nharaunda, uyewo pasi zvinomera uye shiri. A tsananguro pfupi mumwe mhando yoga kukubatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani kunaka uye Runako wechipfuwo hunhu hwenyika, izvo zvinofanira vakachengetedzwa uye kuchengetedzwa.

Kostroma nharaunda

Kostroma Oblast iri kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva European Russia. It riri mukati moraine zvikomo, dzimwe nguva kunyange machakwi mumapani.

Nharaunda yacho inozivikanwa mvura yaro. On mundima Kostroma nharaunda pane nenzizi vanenge zviuru zvitatu, zvose zvikuru nezviduku, chinonyanya kukosha unova Volga. Vazhinji Ndima nedunhu riri kuchizvivanza masango, kunyanya coniferous. Naizvozvo, munhu anogona kungofungidzira sei vapfumi uye zvakasiyana-siyana ndiyo nemiti uye fauna of yacho, tunogara saka siyana uye ane zviso zhinji; ndicho uye inotambudza rwizi runoyerera, uye dzakaonda kudzika nehova; gobvu rabha ichi, uye akanyorova manyoro Mafuro.

Ndezvipi mhando kasvisto uye fauna of rinochengetedza Red Book of Kostroma nharaunda? Photo uye tsananguro kwayo achaparadzwa kudare munyaya ino.

Fauna. vertebrates

Vamiririri Fauna of Kostroma dunhu - avo vanoirima hwomutambarakede dzinogarisana masango uye achinaya mvura. Maererano pamutemo data, munzvimbo kune vakadzidza vertebrates matatu namakumi matanhatu navatanhatu, makumi masere nezvitanhatu iyo vanoonekwa mashoma kana pangozi.

Mhuka Kostroma nharaunda, akanyorwa muna Red Book - ndiko, kupfuura zvose, shiri nemakonzo. Kunyange varipo pakati pavo, uye zvikara, dzakadai European mink.

The European mink - imwe mhuka yacho Chidembo mhuri. Anorarama pamhenderekedzo Freshwater pamwe zvinyoronyoro raiiswa Mahombekombe, vashoma vane uswa uye alders, anodya hove, crayfish uye matatya. Dzimwe nguva unogona kunyange zvokudya yehuku.

The runoratidza ichi mhando - ari kushambira Kamudzira pakati zvigunwe. mink muviri urefu anoda kubva 28 kusvika 43 cm uye uremu - kubva 550 kusvika 800

The European mink inozivikanwa zvinokosha mbava, saka Red Book of Kostroma nharaunda akaita chisarudzo kuti amutore pasi pehurumende kudzivirirwa. Chiito Similar chakabatwa, uye vamwe Red Book kweRussia.

Fauna. Short Pamazita

Rare pangozi vertebrates Kostroma nharaunda zvinosanganisirawo:

Mammalian kirasi:

Kubva sezvakarayirwa Insectivorous - Common muskrat uye American Pygmy shrew.

Kubva sezvakarayirwa Bat - Red noctule, dziva chiremwaremwa,-refu rine nzeve chiremwaremwa, bi-ruvara dzomugungwa uye nevamwe.

Of rodent - Siberian kubhururuka tsindi, Sadovaya Sonya, huni lemming, etc ...

Class nezvinokambaira:

Kubva murayiro Scale - Anguis fragilis uye jecha nedzvinyu.

Kubva hurongwa chenyoka - Common copperhead.

Boka Amphibians:

Kubva hurongwa Tailed - Siberian salamander.

Kubva murayiro tailless - European moto-bellied buruuru, zvakajairika spadefoot buruuru, Marsh datya , uye vazhinji, vamwe vakawanda.

Saka kana uchida kunovhima muna Kostroma munyika, ngwarira pakutanga, verenga Dzvuku Book, haufaniri netsaona kuparadza anokosha uye pangozi.

Fauna. Vertebrates. hove

zano iri rinoshanda kune vose vabati uye vanoda Kukosa, nokuti Red Book of Kostroma nharaunda anodzivirira kunyange hove redkovstrechaemyh. Pakati pavo tinofanira kutaura European grayling kubva Troop Salmoniformes.

European grayling - a Freshwater nehove Sarimoni mhuri, ane kunyanya kujairika coloring uye anogara kuchitonhora uye dzakachena mvura. Kureba anogona kusvika 60 cm uye uremu - 6.5 makirogiramu. Grayling anodya crustaceans, madandaude, mollusks, tumbuyu, uye kunyange hove duku.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti graylings European vane kusimba hunonhuhwira thyme (kana thyme).

Mune Kostroma nharaunda kuchengetedzwa uye vamwe Freshwater hove: Sturgeon, Russian Sturgeon, Russian bystranka, Gorceac, mburwa vulgaris, uye vamwe.

Fauna. Vertebrates. shiri

Ndivanaanizve anodzivirira Red Book of Kostroma nharaunda? Mhuka dziri pasi ichi, nokuti makirasi siyana uye subspecies. Vane akanaka chaizvo uye panoita nechitarisiko chavo, tsika uye basa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Pakati fauna of ivavo vanofanira kuteerera bapiro-kufanana. Mumwe wavo zvinotora pasi kuchengetedzwa kwemararamiro Red Book of Kostroma nharaunda? Bird inotaurwa nayo - ndiko, kupfuura zvose, Boka Ciconiiformes, yakajeka chiratidzazvizhinji izvo ndiye Black Stork.

Black ezimudo - yakanaka shiri kujairika coloring. muswe wayo ane mupfumi dema ruvara, pamusoro izvo makumbo tsvuku uye muromo sokuti zvikuru inopenya uye kwakakura.

Shiri sango nzvimbo, pedyo nemvura, tichidzivisa vanhu uye dzinogarwa munzvimbo. Anodyisa vertebrates kunyanya diki uye invertebrates (dzimwe nguva kunyange nemakonzo, nyoka dzvinyu).

Chando Black Stork South Asia. dandadzo waaidisisa - kubhururuka Tizai, mapapiro vakapararira-eagled. Madhoo zimudo kako inenge mwedzi, mwana sokuti gogonera pamwe chete. Mumakore maviri akatevera mwedzi, shiri vakura zvokudya vacheche, belching chikafu.

Dzimwe shiri, iro rinotaura Red Book of Kostroma nharaunda (uye zvinenge makumi mashanu), zvakare akanaka uye insufficiently vakadzidza, uyewo Black Stork. Chokutanga, izvi Gray Heron uye Little nemazizi, Whooper Swan uye Red-chipfuva Goose, Golden Eagle uye Short-toed Eagle, Merlin uye oystercatcher, Drozdovidnaya Warbler uye HAWFINCH, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Fauna. invertebrates

The Red Book of Kostroma nharaunda ine mazita mhuka invertebrate, zvaida chaiyo kudzivirirwa. Izvo pane mhando matatu namasere. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvimwe dzemugungwa (zvakajairika mussel uye gobvu shelled rwizi mussel), crustaceans (Spring schiten, Summer schiten, Astacus leptodactylus), Remukonikoni (Green mbuya, kupenya runako, mwana-nymph), zvipembenene (racer German, Marble chafer, Widest ngoko) , Hymenoptera (Big Birch sawfly, Average mago, nyuchi Ground) nevamwe vakawanda.

Fauna. kungozvifunga

Chokwadi, pasi kudzivirira ehurumende dzakawira uye vakawanda kungozvifunga. Pakati pavo - Swallowtail.

Swallowtail - akanaka zuva shavishavi wemhuri Lepidoptera. fenders Its pamberi vari yakashongedzwa inopenya kujairika chishongo - black makwapa uye mitaro, uyewo muganhu yakafara dema. A mapapiro kurera vane muenzaniso zvikuru zvinoshamisa: yebhuruu yellow makwapa akasvibirika mukwanisi dzvuku mashava ziso, takapoteredzwa kurambana dema. Mapapiro kwakadai shavishavi anogona kusvika 81 mm vari varume nevakadzi 94 mm.

Swallowtail vanogara paMaare-siyana, iri dondo micheto uye clearings, roadsides uye enzizi.

Vakadzi mazai swallowtail, dzinodzengerera mudenga, pamusoro lateral pemvura hunde kana underside nemashizha wehondo zvinomera, izvo zvinogona kuva mhou parsnip, dhiri, parsley, alder Maksimovic, girchovnitsa, fraxinella mohnatoplodny uye nevamwe vakawanda. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, kuti kubereka vana kungozvifunga pachena kuti hombe zvachose sezvo migumisiro moto, nokushandisa muchina wokucheka uswa, kufudza uye tsika Mafuro vakasimbisa.

Zvisinei, kunze zvisingawanzoitiki mhando fauna of Dzvuku Book, Chokwadi, vanobatanidzwa uye vamiririri chirimwa nyika.

Flora. maruva

Plants of Red Book of Kostroma nharaunda zvechokwadi rakasiyana nerevamwe. Vari zvinoorora runako dzavo uye mumwechete, vatorwa cup runako.

Kutanga, zviri mhando anenge makumi maviri Orchid dzemarudzi quire kwakabva buttercup mhuri, nokuti zvinopfuura gumi mhando petsanga uye uswa. Pakati yakadaro siyana maruva uye kunhuhwirira kasvisto, kududzwa kunofanira kuitwa pakati bulbous Calypso.

Calypso hanyanisi - a perennial herbaceous chirimwa yacho Orchid mhuri, anomira nokuda kwayo anoshamisa dzakanaka ruva. Chikuru uye kunhuhwirira ruva pamwe chichiburutswa pasi musoro rinosvika kureba anenge 1.5 cm uye ane muromo makwapa zai (anenge 2 cm). muromo yakaita imwe shangu, riri mujinga matanda matatu rakajeka tsvuku bvudzi.

Calypso Flowering kunoitika muna May uye June, uye fruiting - muna July uye August.

Autumn akatakura chinja ruva mashizha, saka akafuka chando ichiri itsva nyoro, izvo zvinoratidza achitsva kwakabva Calypso bulbous.

Flora. zvimwe zvirimwa

Plants Kostroma nharaunda, akanyorwa muna Red Book, hakungoitwi chete mavara. Ivowo vanobatanidza Lichens (Lobar yemapapu), tsvuku algae (Batrahospermum beaded), mosses (Sphagnum deveteve, Gomaliya trihomanovidnaya, Dikranum lomkolisty), uyewo mamwe pamiti. Kutanga, zviri - Loparskaya Willow, Willow chernikovidnaya, zvipfupi Birch uye Birch squat.

Total vachengetwe vatora mhando zvinomera uye chirimwa zvinenge zana namakumi mashanu navatanhatu. Pakati pavo, kududzwa kunofanira kuitwa zvakadaro unobereka kasvisto sezvo dema crowberry.

Crowberry dema (kana dema Shiksha) - iri diki miti yakasvibira shrub Heather mhuri. Kunowedzera kunyanya guru, crowberry makwenzi zvinowanikwa pamatombo dzoga, uyewo coniferous masango anogara achinaya mvura, uye Dunes.

Matavi zvikwenzi vane mutema, shava kana matsvuku ruvara, uye maruva vane greenish blue kana matsvuku-tsvuku ruvara. Autumn crowberry dema opaque drupe zvibereko zvine somushonga uye muviri zvivako.

Kukosha bhuku

Sezvinogona kuoneka, Red Book of Kostroma nharaunda - iri rinokosha chaizvo uye dzinonakidza nyaya. Akashongedzwa nemifananidzo inopenya inopiwa nematsananguriro pfupi uye ruzivo pamusoro pangozi siyana kwemarudzi, chichaitika yaro yakakodzera muraibhurari yako uye kukubatsira kubatana vakakodzera uye anokudzwa basa - kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.