The zera Pyramid: nezvimiro uye mhando zera hurongwa

Chinonyanya kukosha wevanotungamirira zviratidzi yokuporeswa kwevanhu ndiko zera. Wemagariro evanhu, kuridzidza, anoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira zera piramidhi, hunoita kuti uone dzinotsanagura kubereka zvokuwedzera simba.

Pfungwa zera iri wemagariro evanhu uye Demography

Age vemo uye munhu - zvakakosha zviratidzo nokuda evanhu uye zvepfungwa. Pazera mamiriro kunobva zvakawanda evanhu mabasa chokuita neshamwari dzakawanda. Number makore akararama nechitarisiko murume muchiedza kunotema nzvimbo yaro munzanga uye kunoda aurayiwe zvimwe nemaitiro. Kune akasiyana siyana zera:

- neMhedziso, iye pasipoti kana karenda. Izvi calculus makore nhamba vakararama nguva yokuberekwa;

- zvoutachiona, kana zera kukura, kuti zvinyorwa zvokupikisa ari pakarenda, kureva ukuru morphologic kukura ane muviri pane imwe nguva muupenyu hwavo;

- mupfungwa, kuziva kukura pfungwa uye pfungwa pane imwe nguva muupenyu;

- social, dzinoratidzwa pachiyero zvemagariro kubudirira nokuda paavhareji munhu mumwe zera.

Category zera iri evanhu uye demography rinobvumira kupindura mibvunzo pamusoro yevagari dzinoitwa kukura uye kuti ramangwana racho kwenzanga mune ramangwana.

Pfungwa nemakore mamiriro vokuparidzira

Age zvivako - ndiyo kusarudzwa mapoka evanhu maererano nokuwanda kwemakore. Kokutanga nzira iyi hwevanhu kupatsanura yakashandiswa muna China yekare, apo yokutanga zera pakafunuka ndokukweverwazve kumusoro, chinosanganisira 6 matanho: youth, muchato zera, aurayiwe paruzhinji mabasa, makore ruzivo nezvikanganiso zvavo, wokupedzisira rokusika zera, achida zera uye kukwegura. Nechekare pamusoro zano iri zvinoratidza kuti zera mamiriro - chinokosha chokukomborerwa kutandadzana pamusoro wacho. Contemporary wemagariro evanhu inotaura nguva dzakadai pauduku, vechidiki, pakunamata uye kukwegura. Kugadzirisa siyana tsvakurudzo mabasa uye dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoti nzendo emunhu pamusoro nguva. Nhasi masayendisiti vanotaura nemakore mamiriro chavagari munyika dzakasiyana kuongorora musiyano pakati pavo, kuvaka zera mapiramidhi kuti anobatsira kuratidza simba pamusoro wevanotungamirira kwendangariro. Shoko rokuti "zera maumbirwo chavagari" rinowanikwa remakore rechi19, zvarinomirira riparadzirwe vemo zvimwe zera zvine zvechadenga nyika uye nyika yose.

The yokudzidza kwevanhu zera hurongwa

Kudzidza zera iri pokutangira kudzidza mumagariro zhinji kwendangariro. Kudzidza Fani iyi zvakafanira chamber kuti simba pamusoro socio-zvoupfumi urongwa, izvo kwakavakirwa Demographics. Information pamusoro yevagari zera mamiriro runoita kuziva zvikonzero kuwedzera uye kunodzikira mu wembereko uye vanofa uye vanotsvaka nzira yokupedza nayo zvinetso chokuita izvi zvakavapo.

Zvakakosha kuziva chii chinangwa kunobva hwevanhu Pyramid, dzokubvisa pairi kufadza anoshanda mashoko. Kuziva mamiriro chavagari, zvinokwanisika kuti kufanotaura uye kuronga socio-zvoupfumi mabasa ehurumende uye basa. ruzivo urwu zvichakubatsira kufungidzira izvo zvinhu uye mabasa kungadiwa dzakasiyana nguva, kuumba bhajeti kuti siyana evanhu makomborero uye kuvaka mutemo pamusoro pokumuka kuti guta kwevanhu.

Nzira kudzidza zera hurongwa

Pane nzira dzakawanda kuti abatsire unganidza ruzivo pamusoro zera vemo parameters. Nyore uye inonyanya nzira kuongorora, iyo inobva kuongorora Statistical mashoko. Uyewo zvinowanzoshandiswa nzira nemibvunzo, kupfuura inozivikanwa chiri vaverengwe. Mumwe mamiriro anoitisa nguva nenguva vaverengwe, izvo anobvumira kuunganidza mashoko nemakore nemamiriro nyika. Kakawanda, mashoko aya ari kudzidzwa pamwe mashoko pamusoro dzepabonde kuparadzira. Chinangwa vanogara chepiramidhi - kupa musiyano uye kufanana pakati kuparadzira vemazera pakati mapoka chechikadzi. ruzivo Izvi zvinoita kuti vaongorore matambudziko socio-zvoupfumi zviitiko uye kuronga ramangwana mumagariro negwaro.

Pfungwa vanogara chepiramidhi

Yokutanga enderana Verenga nhamba yevanhu munyika vezera vari kutanga kuitika remakore rechi19. Muna 1895, kuti Air musayendisiti AG Sundberg zano kusika machati kuti yakatarira muunganidzwa vezera pane dzimwe pfungwa munyika. Saka vakatanga muitiro kumisa makore mapiramidhi. Gare gare pakanga mumwe akawedzera wokusarudza bonde, izvi zvinoita kuti kuenzanisa uwandu varume nevakadzi vezera, rokuongorora rinomutsa uye zvachose ya hwavo.

Gadzirisa zera piramidhi, zvinokosha kuunganidza quantitative Data uye nacho ari muchimiro chati. Vertical Kunoratidza zera, uye zvido zvevanhu - nhamba yevanhu. Mujinga chepiramidhi anogara kupfuura vamwe, nokuti pakati vachangoberekwa, ipapo anotanga kutapudzwa nhamba vanhu unoverengwa rokupedzisira mutana. Mumwe chinjikira bhaa zvingaratidza kuwanda vanhu pagore 5 kana 10 makore, zvichienderana ruzivo yakaunganidzwa.

Kupatsanura kwenyika chepiramidhi

Kune akasiyana mapiramidhi nedzimwe nguva zvikamu, chinonyanya hwakadzama ndiyo mhando pamwe penguva 1 year, asi kunoda basa kuunganidza mashoko, kakawanda 5 uye-gore 10 okuberekwa womuenzaniso. zvinodiwa International vanokurudzira kushandisa makore 5 penguva nokuda kwevanhu inofungidzirwa. Chinhu tsika kusiyanisa mhando mapiramidhi zera maererano ane pachake vanhu, pane muenzaniso kukura nevanhu, mune ichi kana dhayagiramu kwakafanana pedyo zvakarurama piramidhi stably-kukwegura chizvarwa, bhero serin'i uye kuderedza nhamba yevanhu vari muchimiro mabhokisi. Chimwe hwaro pamusoro kupatsanura wemakore ari mapiramidhi - ndivo kumatunhu. Saka, kusunungurwa mifananidzo dzakabudirira uye dzichiri kusimukira. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kuenzanisa nzvimbo uye kuziva musiyano dzavo dzinokosha. Zvinogonekawo kuvaka mapiramidhi mamwe mapoka vakawanda, dzakadai dzemadzinza munharaunda uye vanotama.

Kuwedzera marudzi mapiramidhi

Age uye pabonde kwevanhu chepiramidhi, umo chizvarwa chevechiduku chitonge yekare, inonzi mberi, kana kukura. Kazhinji, makambani akadaro dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira nokuberekwa unodiwa. Population zvakafanana prices anosiyana vechidiki, kazhinji muvanhu vakadaro pane yakaderera upenyu anotarisirwa uye yakakwirira mwero wokufa kwevanhu, chete chiduku chikamu vemo kurarama kusvikira mukukwegura. Kazhinji ichi mhando dzevanhu zvinhu kubereka anonzi nyore kana chinyakare, sezvo haabatanidzwi munzanga kuchengetedzwa uye upfumi.

Mhando mira pamusoro mapiramidhi

The mira zera maumbirwo chavagari ane yakaderera kana kwete kwevanhu kukura unodiwa. muenzaniso kwakadaro anonzi uye wakaiswa, sezvo akaenzana nokuwanda kuzvarwa nokuwanda vaduku uye repakati vanhu uye nhamba yevanhu vakwegura ipfupi sezvo kunosvika makore 65-70, asi kwete hasha, asi zvishoma nezvishoma. chepiramidhi kwakadaro kunoratidza matambudziko nembereko uye zvinoda kupindira kubva kuhurumende, sezvo refu vagumirwe munzanga, haisi, uye piramidhi munzvimbo inotevera mhando - zvokukwegura.

Todzokera marudzi mapiramidhi

The chepiramidhi, izvo DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA hunofa kubereka zvinoderedza, inonzi kukwegura, kana kudzikira. In sechivako vanhu hunodzorwa repakati uye vakwegura, nepwere, uye vaduku uye zvishoma pamusoro pamakore, nyika idzi vakatondeswa kutsakatika. Munyika idzi mune dambudziko pachena ne zvinhu rutsigiro yechikuru sezvo vechiduku aizobatsirawo mari mudyandigere mari, hapana kana kwete zvachose. Mhando Regressive munzanga kungaita kuti hwevanhu kutsakatika.

Analysis zera mapiramidhi

Population okuverengwa uye kugadzwa zera machati unokubvumira kuwana mhedziso uye hama mashoko. Saka, kuongorora hwevanhu chepiramidhi uye kuenzanisa ayo nezvawagara Data unokubvumira azive yose vakawanda, uye ayo zvachose dzinongoitika kukura, mwero wokufa kwevanhu, vachiwedzera kwevanhu Vanhurume nevanhukadzi siyana, kunounza iine Statistical mashoko. Setsika, zera piramidhi kuongorora kunoitika muna zvitatu vakakurumbira variables: wokubereka, hunofa kutama. Chinonyanya kukosha chakarurama ndiyo nguva upenyu, rinopa rairatidza chinzvimbo zvakanaka munyika. Kuongororwa mapiramidhi anobatsira anoratidza kukosha mari zera-chokuita arambe kudzidza.

Pyramid dzakabudirira

The huru kuitika munguva maumbirwo dzakabudirira - ndiye kukwegura kwevanhu. Nokuda mukuru unhu nokurapwa uye rakanaka nemararamiro, hunotarisira upenyu chavagari munyika idzi kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, mutungamiriri pano Japan, apo pane kumbonyanya raidudzwa vakawanda vanhu pamusoro makore 80. Panguva iyoyowo kuberekwa mwero munyika dzakasimukira iri zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera. Kunyange United States zera Pyramid, iyo nguva dzose akaona vazhinji vachangoberekwa rava mira, uye chinhu yambira chiratidzo mumakore achangodarika. US anonunura kusvikira immigration vechiduku vane vana, asi kukwana akawanda. Asi Europe, kunyanya kuchamhembe, tatobvisa kunze uye unoratidza regression womuenzaniso zera mamiriro.

Pyramid munyika dzichiri kusimukira

Mamiriro "nyika rechitatu" vari kwakasiyana zera mamiriro. Sexually-zera Pyramid mu States akadaro chokuita juvenescent mhando. Kunyanya Asian nharaunda vanoratidza yakakwirira uye kunyange soro pakuberekwa mwero uye upenyu hupfupi vanhu. China kunowedzera upenyu chete zvishoma, apo India, Iran, Vietnam uye dzimwe nyika dziri mudunhu vane mwero pasi kwazvo parameter ichi. Naizvozvo, pano pane matambudziko akadai kwemabasa, kushaya vashandi zvikuru vanokwanisa, rakadzika nemararamiro. Asi kondinendi muduku Africa nhasi, inobatanidzwa mukuru hunofa nguva pfupi upenyu. African States kushandisa nzira kubereka nyore, compensating kuti kurasikirwa chihombe kwevanhu pakuberekwa.

Russian zera piramidhi

Sexually-zera Russian Pyramid wakasiyana pamazano zvakafanana munyika dzakawanda pamberi "maronda" kukundikana akawanda zvakadzama panyaya vemo, izvozvo anotaura hondo, uyewo zvishoma vanooneka kurasikirwa dambudziko. Russia nhasi yava kubva munhu mira mhando akwegure. Kukura yokuberekwa mwero, pasinei Herculean kuedza mamiriro, mufaro, uye upenyu anotarisirwa iri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvi zvinotungamirira ndechokuti nyika ine dzinopfuura 60% yevanhu - vanhu makore 65. zera Chimiro hwakazara nokushayiwa mari nemigumisiro: vechidiki kungoti havakwanisi kupa vakwegura. Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu vanoti rakakura maturo nzvimbo munyika achazvikomborera kukwezva vanotama uye izvi zvichaita kupedza wevanotungamirira matambudziko munyika, kana usina chero chakakomba zveupfumi nemigumisiro kutama kwakadaro.

matambudziko wevanotungamirira pakati modernity uye chokupika pakati mapiramidhi

Modern zera mapiramidhi vanoratidza pachena matambudziko wevanotungamirira mu dzakabudirira. The kukwegura kwevanhu munyika idzi kuchaita nematambudziko socio-zvoupfumi. Nhasi, Europe ndiyo pasi yokutama bvunzo, iyo inobatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko anodiwa rejuvenation chavagari, asi chizvarwa ichi chitsva haadi kushanda uye pamudyandigere muna Europe. Naizvozvo, simba rinomutsa pazera zvivako angachinja nani, asi vachachinja, tsika uye munzanga vemo. Mubvunzo chii chinoitika kune zera piramidhi munyika dzichiri kusimukira nhasi zvinokunetsa zvakasimba evanhu, sezvinoita kukura nevanhu Africa uye Asia, zvichiita kuti overpopulation yepasi, iro rinobatanidza zvisingadzivisiki Kuparadzwa zvinhu.