"Totleben" (Fort): kare, mapikicha, nzvimbo

Pakuyeuka unyanzvi mainjiniya zvechiuto, vane pfungwa akazarura mutsva panguva unyanzvi rusvingo kuti girafu Eduard Ivanovich Totleben (1818-1884) nhare vaviri zita. Akataura pfungwa akamhanyira yemabhuku kune vakawanda vaibvuma kuitika unyanzvi hondo, uye ruzivo vakawana muCrimea uye kumabvazuva Mushandirapamwe vachavaka kuzvidzivirira nani panguva rusvingo zviratidzo.

Carte Blanche

nhare yokutanga, iyo ine zita "Totleben" - Fort nhare Kerch. Eduard Ivanovich, uyo akapedza muna 1859 sezvo mukuru okugadzira dhipatimendi kweuto dhipatimendi, mu pakuvaka Kerch nhare vakazonzwa chizere kutsigira Alexander II. Muna 1872, basa iri apedza kuvaka yakapera uye zvakazara vakaguta mambo, anouya uko kuongorora. Uye saka mukuru nhare nhare yaiva zvarayirwa Alexander II, zita "Totleben". Fort iri muna narrowest chikamu Strait of Kerch, musi Cape AK-mudariki.

Chishamiso uto okugadzira

Nhare yacho yakavakwa yokunzvenga Chibvumirano Paris 1856 , unorambidza Russia vane nezvikepe uye kumahombekombe masvingo. A mhando mugomba kana nhare nhare inonzi "Totleben". Fort chokuita nemamiriro kubudikidza wakarebesa 600 mita tanera. nhare ichi rakavakwa makore 20 uye ari mumwe wevaviri kupfuura kuyevedza uye chinokosha mumhenderekedzo yegungwa nhare, yakavakwa muna XIX remakore - Kerch uye Kronstadt. Black Sea Fort akanga akakodzera uye Kusimbaradza wakakwana - akapa zvakanga zvose kusvikira wokupedzisira kese, kusvikira yemapurisa njivavarungu. Mumabharaki masoja, zvimbuzi, mvura kuchengetwa, pevhu angu dzokuratidzira uye tunnels - zvose yakavakwa vaunganidza panguva kudzivirira Sevastopol ruzivo uye kutarisirwa kutsigira wakakombwa, rakarambwa navavaki vakaita kupfuura asingaoneki uye akafukidza zvose ibwe zvivako pevhu.

Kudzokera ikoko

Panguva iyi, yakakwirira Crimea - 110 metres, apo pane shongwe kuti shasha emauto engineering, inonzi "Totleben" nokukudzwa kwake. Fort pamahombekombe mabhatiri nokufukidzwa yakaoma. Fortress "Kerch" zvino haisi mumamiriro ezvinhu - iye yakasiyiwa. Asi Onsite anotungamirirwa Tours inoitwa nguva dzose. Zvino mabhazi kuenda hazvisi nyore - chomuruki №6 wakatizve achibva nechepakati chemabhazi, unofanira kuenda chemabhazi "kuveza Bazi". Next - chete netsoka. No uchida zviratidzi - dzidziso pamusoro aidzidzisa kana nokubvunzurudza Kwataigara. Own senga kufamba kuguma Taman Street, kupfuura ari mupurazi rehurumende, yokupedzisira pfungwa iri nhare.

Mumwe nhare pakati Kronstadt

Mumwe vanovengwa kuzvidzivirira ezvinhu Kronstadt uyewo unobereka zita E. I. Totlebena. Nokuti kuvakwa dzavarwi ichi chakatanga pashure kuvakwa wenhare ari Black Sea (1872). Muna 1879 anotanga basa, hwaro ayo paiva zvitsuwa maviri chakagadzirwa - hwaro nhare maviri akagadzirwa nemhenderekedzo. Conventionally, ivo akasarudzwa "A" nhare uye dzavarwi "B". Chokutanga chaiva kugara shallows pa 10 km kubva pachitsuwa Kotlin uye 4 km kubva Sestroretsk, wechipiri - 7 makiromita kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero dzavarwi "A" uye 4 km kubva Kotlina. Fort "A" vakanga arasikirwe homwe mamiriyoni 6.5 rubles. goridhe Fort "B" - mamiriyoni 7 rubles. Basa iri rokuvaka kuzvidzivirira mabasa zvaifanira akapedza 1903, asi nguva ino chete akadurura uye zvakasimbisa chacho. Chete muna 1913, nhare vakaiswa kumisha kushanda. Ndapedza basa dzavarwi "A" Yakazopiwa zita rokuti "Totleben", vachikudza kutora Zvinoshingaira pakurigadzira guru rehondo injiniya, uye chinhu chechipiri anonzi "Obruchev".

All zvaisanganisira

Fort "Totleben" (mufananidzo zvakabatanidzwa) akanga ari muchimiro tsamba "C". Nechemberi kwayo kwave muAtlantic kumavirira - muvengi rusingaperi Russia. Nechemberi, iine sectors matatu, uye vaviri curved divi pamwe asvika kureba 700 metres, wakafara makubhiti zvakagadzirwa yaiva 50 mamita.

Kana kuvakwa kwayo kwekukumikidzwa nyaya chiitiko chinosuruvarisa hondo wokuRussia-Japanese uye chokuchinja zviri atirari. "Totleben" iguta rechiuto, akapa zvose zvakakodzera tichitarisa muhondo dzemazuva ano. An dzinonakidza chokwadi, sezvo hurumende tsarist aimutarisira varwi vake. On munharaunda dzavarwi aiva desalination maitiro uye kucheneswa wayo, 6 Diesel emagetsi, tsvina uye mvura, vakasununguka mumabharaki vanhu 800 uye mupurisa Corps, chipatara, chemishonga, bhekari uye chechi, cinematography uye raibhurari, dzokugezera, dzokuchengetera uye rechando, neteregirafu uye yenhare . On seri chiteshi aifanira kutaura matare, pamwe izvo migwagwa vari.

shingirira nguva

A chishamiso engineering aiva dzavarwi "Totleben". Nhoroondo akaramba aripo ichi dzinodhura uye anonakidza chinhu tariro. Pashure pokuchinja, akapiwa zita idzva "Ordzhonikidzevskaya". In kururamisira zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muna 1923 10-padiki pfuti vakanga chikatsiviwa pena kubva ngarawa "Rurik", avo kunonyanyisa siyana yakawedzera kubva vaimbova? Km 18 kusvika 20. Zvakanyatsorongwa akaita kugadziriswa.

Fort akatora muSoviet-Finnish hondo kutora mukana. Last gadziridzo yakaitwa mumakore 1950-1954. Zvino zvose akaenda downhill - muna 1955 ravarwi yakanga emauto akadzingwa mabasa uye wakasuduruka atirari, vapfurwa kubva marudzi ose rokuzvidavirira vari 1957th dzavarwi, uye kubva muna 1958 kamwe simba nhare inomira chinhu uye ndaraswa.

kurangwa kuparadzirwa

Hapana zvakazochinja apo "Totleben" rakatorwa panguva Executive Committee of Leningrad City Council uye nengaidzo muna 1990 akapinda UNESCO pasi. Mazuva akanaka vari shure, kana 90-ies wekupedzisira remakore vakatanga kutsvaka chinhu chiri conservator uye mifananidzo kubva St. Petersburg Vladimir Tkachenko, aiva mukuru rokuzvipira. Iye haana nemashoko asi nezviito kucheneswa, pakugadzira uye vakagadzirira dzavarwi "Totleben". How kuti pano? mubvunzo uyu haana pamberi vaGiriki, uyo akauya pamusoro chando yechando ra2008. All mabasa V. Tkachenko vakaparadzwa, yakanga mangled, akapisa uye dzichapambwa. Uye apo tsvimbo akatarisa simba pfungwa njodzi Ushumiri, maiva pano muna 1999?

Summer Tours of Gulf Finland

Zvino chinhu Aifudza kubudikidza rokuzvipira dzakabatana uye kutsvaka-uye-kununurwa zviyero "Beach". Shanyira dzavarwi asingagoni, zvisinei, sezvo chikamu revashanyi pasina chinokosha mvumo uye magwaro sezvinobvira. Zvakadini vakarongeka kushanya mhando? Ivo rwaiitwa chete panguva yezhizha, Unorudzi anogona kuitwa norunhare inowanika handbooks.

The varongi mukana kuona zvinhu zvakafanana akawanda Gulf, kwete nhare dzokurwa "Totleben". Zviratidzwa zvinosanganisira kushanyira zvinhu zvinotevera - "First Southern" nhare "Alexander I", "Milutin", "Obruchev" uye "Totleben".

In yechando, zvose zviri nyore. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, unogona kuwana pamusoro ice Gulf Finland, zvingava kubvumirwa kushanyira dzavarwi "Totleben". How kuti muzhizha? Chete chikamu rwokuparidza. Independent vasvika panguva zvikepe uye zvikepe zviri zvachose wairambidza, nekuti ngozi yakanyanya zvikuru muupenyu. Chokwadi, pane vavhimi vazhinji zvisinei kushanyira dzavarwi, uyewo varidzi zvikepe ipapo, wakagadzirirwa yakakodzera pfumbamuromo kuti kutyora mitemo.