Ultradeep zvakanaka nomusi Kola Peninsula: nhoroondo uye zvakavanzika

The tsime, riri pamusoro munharaunda yacho Kola Peninsula, izvozvo inoremekedzwa nzvimbo rokutanga ndandanda "super-yakadzika norugare." Rakanga akachera kuongorora zvakadzama maumbirwo mabwe paNyika. Kusiyana nemamwe mapuraneti huripo matsime, kuti vakanga akachera kuvinga pakutsvakurudza nemaonero uye harishandiswi nechinangwa dzokubudisa ose chicherwa mari.

Location Kola ultradeep chiteshi

Aripiko Kola ultradeep zvakanaka? на располагается в Мурманской области, вблизи города Заполярный (примерно в 10 километрах от него). On riri Murmansk nzvimbo pedyo Polar (anenge 10 makiromita kure). The tsime nzvimbo rakanyatsosiyana nemamwe. Mutumbi wake wakaradzikwa pamusoro munharaunda kuBaltic Shield muna Kola Peninsula. Zvakanga ipapo, apo nyika nezuva achisunda pemvura dzakasiyana-siyana mabwe yekare.

Pedyo tsime Pechenga-Imandra-Varzuga vagadzirisane muchimwiro, aumba somugumisiro wacho mhosva.

Kola ultradeep zvakanaka: nezvenhoroondo chiitiko

In kukudzwa centennial pachiitiko yokuberekwa Vladimira Ilicha Lenina kutanga matsime kuchera yakatangwa muna yokutanga yezana 1970.

May 24, 1970, pashure akabvumirwa Geological rwendo ari nzvimbo wetsime, basa rakanga ratanga. Kusvika kudzika anenge 7000 metres zvose akaenda nokukurumidza uye zvakanaka. Pashure pokuyambuka nomwe kuzviuru basa ukabudira uye vakava zvakawanda kwakatooma, pane kugara Madhaka.

Somugumisiro, nguva anoputsa nokuparurwa hoisting chibooreso misoro, uyewo kugara collapses zvakanaka mokupera pasi inofanira cementing. Zvisinei, nokuda kugara malfunctions basa kwemakore anoverengeka uye vakanga chaizvo kunonoka.

June 6, 1979 tsime udzamu kwapfuura Chipingamupinyi 9583 metres, nokudaro kutyora nyika rekodhi matsime eoiri muUnited States Berta Rodzhers, iri Oklahoma. Panguva ino ari Kola Houses to Rent dzose aishanda anenge gumi mumarabhoritari kwesayenzi uye kuchera muitiro rinotungamirirwa Minister inoongorora of Soviet Union Kozlovskim Evgeniem Aleksandrovichem.

Muna 1983, apo kudzika Kola super-yakadzika yasvika 12.066 metres, mabasa vakanga kwekanguva chando pakugadzirira International Geological Congress muna 1984. Paakanga apedza, vakanga vatangazve.

Resumption basa yakawira September 27, 1984. Asi zvakanga akatapudza chibooreso tambo uye Houses to Rent kuparara chakaitika kamwe zvakare wokutanga run. Basa zve kubva kudzika anenge 7000 mamita.

Muna 1990, kudzika chibooreso gomba yakasvika chinyorwa 12.262 mamita. Pashure imwe mbiru breakage ambopiwa kuti kurega kuchera uye kupedza basa.

Mamiriro ari Kola Houses to Rent

Mukutanga 2008, ultradeep zvakanaka pamusoro Kola Peninsula kwainzi kusiyiwa, namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara midziyo, uye chirongwa nokuda kuparadzwa kuti zviripo zvivako uye mumarabhoritari akanga kare achimhanya.

Mukutanga 2010, mutungamiriri Kola Geological Institute akati kuti zvino tsime kwave kuchiita chirongwa kuchengetedza uye vakaparadza pachavo. Kubvira ipapo, mubvunzo wake haana kumutswa.

Kudzika zvakanaka zvevakomana,

Parizvino, Kola ultradeep zvakanaka, pikicha iro rinotaura muverengi afunge munyaya imwe hombe-pamwero kuchera zvivako panyika. Her udzamu unonyanya 12.263 mamita.

Ruzha muna Kola Houses to Rent

Kana Drilling rig vakayambuka kuchikumbaridzo 12 zviuru metres, vashandi vakatanga kunzwa vatorwa machemero kuuya kubva pakadzika. Pakutanga havana kuzviita kuti kukosha izvi. Zvisinei, kana kuchera michina yose ndakadaro, uye tsime vaisungirira yomumvuri runyararo, akanzwa ruzha kujairika kuti vashandi pachavo rinonzi "kuchema kwevatadzi muhero." Nokuti ruzha zvinonyatsoziva super-rakadzika kwainzi zvikuru kujairika, kwakasarudzwa kuti anyore kwavari aine nokupisa nemishonga maikorofoni. Kana zvinyorwa vakanga vanzwa, zvose vakashamiswa - vakanga akafanana kuchema uye squeals vanhu.

Kwapera maawa akawanda, pashure pokuteerera zvakarekodhwa vashandi vakawana kungoda pakuputika simba adarika vasingazivikanwi mavambo. Mabasa akange kwenguva yakaturikwa dzakamirira kujekeswa ezvinhu. Zvisinei, ivo zve mazuva mashomanana gare gare. Zvakare akaburuka kupinda zvakanaka, zvose pamwe bated mweya akamirira kunzwa vanhu mhere, asi kwakanga zvechokwadi yomumvuri runyararo.

Kana kutongwa vakatanga nezvematangiro akaita ruzha, vakatanga kubvunza mibvunzo pamusoro ndiani uye chii ndikanzwa. Amazed uye vakatya vashandi vakaedza kudzivisa kupindura mibvunzo iyi, uye chete acharega nemashoko okuti: "Ndakanzwa chinhu chinoshamisa ..." bedzi pashure nguva yakawanda uye shanduro raitwa mberi ne basa mukuvhara, manzwi asingazivikanwi mavambo - ndicho ruzha kufamba tectonic kwamahwendefa. Shanduro iyi disproved pamusoro nguva.

Zvakavanzika kuti inosiya zvakanaka

Muna 1989, Kola ultradeep tsime, iro machemero fadza dzemwoyo murume, ainzi "munzira kugehena." The ngano akazvarwa US terevhizheni yenhepfenyuro, iyo vakagamuchira April Fools nyaya mune Finnish pepanhau pamusoro Kola uyewo chokwadi. Nyaya akati kuti ose proburonny kiromita munzira kuenda rechi13 vakauya dambudziko hwakasimba munyika. Maererano nengano, pane imwe kudzika 12,000 metres basa vakatanga sokuti kuchema kwevanhu rubatsiro kuti zvakanyorwa mune supersensitive mamaikorofoni.

With kwemaira ose munzira kuenda rechi13 munyika maiva njodzi, saka dzimwe nzira iri kumusoro Soviet Union yakadhirika.

Zvinonzi yakataurawo kuti, kuti vanochera inokwira kusvika 14.5 zviuru metres, vashandi vakagumburwa pamusoro "dzimba" pamhango apo tembiricha rinosvika 1100 Celsius. Chichiburutswa kupinda rimwe mumakomba izvi ndeimwe thermostable mamaikorofoni akanyorwa moans rinorira nokukumbira. Ruzha izvi vanonzi "inzwi Sheori" uye tsime yava haana kunzi "mugwagwa kugehena."

Zvisinei, munguva pfupi, boka yokutsvakurudza chaizvo chete waramba ngano iyi. Masayendisiti akati kuti kudzika tsime panguva yakanga chete 12 263 metres uye kufadza wakanyorwa tembiricha iri 220 Celsius. Hworugare kwakange chete chokwadi chete, nemhaka iyo ine dubious rukudzo Kola ultradeep zvakanaka - kurira.

Hurukuro imwe zvavanobata Kola super-yakadzika

Mubvunzurudzo inopedzerwa Kuramba iyiwo nyaya yacho Kola Houses to Rent David Mironovich Guberman akati: "Ndiri Pandakabvunza pamusoro veracity pamusoro ngano uye kuvapo dhimoni kuti takawana imomo, ndinoti kuti ichi ndicho maturo. Asi kuva vakatendeseka, handigoni kuramba chokwadi chokuti tatarisana chinhu remweya. Chokutanga, tinofanira kunge vakatanga kunokanganisa manzwi zvisingazivikanwi mavambo, ipapo paiva kuputika. Kana isu akatarira tsime, panguva iyoyo udzamu, zvose zvakanga zvachose zvakajairika mumazuva mashomanana ... "

Zvinobatsirei kwakaita kuti Kola super-yakadzika drilling?

Chokwadi, mumwe mukuru zvakanakira panowanikwa tsime anganzi zvinokosha mberi mune kuchera. nzira itsva uye mhando kuchera kunge yakatanga. Uyewo pachake kuna Kola super-yakadzika drilling uye akasika yesayenzi midziyo rinoshandiswa kusvikira nhasi.

Chimwe ndinoiitawo aiva kuvhurika itsva nzvimbo zviwanikwa, ramakagadzwa panewo goridhe.

The chikuru vavariro kudzidza zvakadzama akaturikidzana enyika chirongwa yesayenzi yakanga kubudirira. Vazhinji huripo dzidziso kunge akaramba (kusanganisira pasi basalt rukoko).

Kuwanda matsime munyika super-zvakadzama

Yose, pane anenge 25 Ultra-zvakadzama mumatsime.

Vazhinji vavo iri munharaunda yaimbova Soviet Union, asi vanenge 8 riri pasi pose.

Ultradeep matsime iri munharaunda yaimbova USSR

On mundima Soviet Union, akanga wakapindwa akawandisa matsime Ultra-yakadzika, asi kunyanya kunofanira dzinounzwa sezvinotevera:

1. Muruntau zvakanaka. Kudzika tsime kunosvika vanosvika 3 zviuru mamita. Zvinowanikwa iri Republic of Uzbekistan, iri musha muduku Muruntau. Drilling wetsime rakatanga muna 1984 uye haisati yapera.
2. Krivorozhskaya zvakanaka. Kusimba kunosvika metres kubva 12 zviuru 5383 chete kuratidza. Drilling yakatanga muna 1984 uye dzakaguma muna 1993. The nzvimbo wetsime runoonekwa kuUkraine, pedo neguta Krivoy Rog.
3. Dnieper-Donets zvakanaka. A countrywoman rapfuura chete uye riri muUkraine pedyo Donetsk Republic. Kudzika zvakanaka musi 5691 mamita. Drilling yakatanga muna 1983 uye kuramba nhasi.
4. Ural tsime. It ane kudzika 6100 mamita. Riri munzvimbo Sverdlovsk nharaunda, pedyo netaundi Verkhnyaya Tura. Well drilling akavhiyiwa kwemakore 20, uchitanga 1985 uye anopera 2005.
5. Biikzhalskaya zvakanaka. udzamu Its rinosvika 6700 mamita. Well Drilling kwakaitika kubvira muna 1962 kusvika 1971. Zvinonzi rakamiswa pamusoro reCaspian mwoyo.
6. Aralsolskaya zvakanaka. Her kudzika zana metres zvakawanda Biikzhalskoy uye makubhiti 6800 chete. Gore Drilling uye tsime nzvimbo dziri zvachose kufanana ne Biizhalskoy Houses to Rent.
7. Timan-Pechora zvakanaka. udzamu Its rinosvika 6904 mamita. Zvinowanikwa iri Republic of Komi. Kuti tive kunyatsoenderana, munzvimbo Vuktylsky. Well drilling akavhiyiwa kwakatora anenge makore 10, kutanga muna 1984, kupedza gore ra1993.
8. Tyumen zvakanaka. Depth rinosvika 7502 metres chawakaronga 8.000. Well iri pedyo netaundi Novy Urengoy uye Korotchaevo musha. Drilling kwakaitika kubvira 1987 kusvika 1996.
9. Dzhafarova zvakanaka. Rakanga akachera mukati ane 1982 nechinangwa oiri kumadokero kweUkraine. The tsime udzamu ndiyo 7520 mamita. Zvinowanikwa iri Carpathian nharaunda.
10. Yong-Yakhinskaya zvakanaka. It ane kudzika anenge 8250 mamita. The chete chink they, izvo vakapfuura hurongwa kubudikidza kuchera (pakutanga akaronga 6000). Iri West Siberia, pedo neguta Novy Urengoy. Drilling kubvira 2000 kusvika 2006. Panguva ino yakanga wokupedzisira nokuita ultradeep matsime muRussia.
11. Saatli tsime. udzamu ayo 8324 mamita. Drilling akanga akatakurwa ari nguva kubva 1977 kusvika 1982. It riri kuAzerbaijan 10 chete kubva muguta Saatli, mukati Kursk kuzvimba.

World ultradeep matsime

Mune dzimwe nyika, zvakare, kune super-zvakadzama matsime, yatisingagoni kufuratira:

1. Sweden. Siljan Ring kudzika 6800 mamita.
2. Kazakhstan. Tasymov Southeast kudzika 7050 mamita.
3. US. Bighorn kudzika 7583 mamita.
4. Austria. Tsisterdorf kudzika 8553 mamita.
5. US. University kudzika 8686 mamita.
6. Germany. KTB Oberpfalz-kudzika 9101 mamita.
7. US. Beydat-Unit kudzama 9159 mamita.
8. US. Berta Rodzhers kudzika 9583 mamita.

zvinyorwa World nokuti matsime Ultra-zvakadzama munyika

Muna 2008, munyika chinyorwa Kola Houses to Rent yakatyoka mafuta zvakanaka Maersk. udzamu yake 12.290 mamita.

Pashure paizvozvo, akanga akanyorwa nyika zvinyorwa mashomanana ultradeep matsime:

1. Pakutanga January 2011 Nhoroondo yakanga yaputswa matsime mafuta kugadzirwa "Sakhalin-1" chirongwa, iyo rinosvika kudzika 12,345 mamita.
2. Muna June 2013, zvinyorwa akasviniwa tsime Chayvo munda, yakanga kudzama 12,700 mamita.

Zvisinei, zvakavanzika Kola super-yakadzika kufambidzana asina kutaurwa uye akatsanangura. Hama kune ruzha kupa panguva yayo kuchera, kusvikira nhasi pane zvitsva dzidziso. Ndiani anoziva, zvichida iyi ndiyo here zvibereko chisimba kwevanhu fungidziro? Zvakanaka, sei, zvino, sezvo vazhinji vakaona? Zvichida munguva pfupi chichava munhu achapa masayendisiti tsanangudzo kuitika, uye zvichida zvakanaka uye chinoramba yezvechitendero kuti zvichaita retell emakore ...