Unhu, zvivako, kupatsanura mhando uye paperboard

Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, makadhibhokisi zvose zvakatipoteredza. Kakawanda, ushamwari akawedzera zvokudya kavha, chitoyi, shangu, etc. Uye chokwadi, mashoko aya inoshandiswa indasitiri, kuvaka, magadzirirwo, kudhinda uye mamwe maindasitiri. Mhando kabhodhi, zvivako zvayo uye chikumbiro inokurukurwa zvakadzama.

tsananguro

Shoko bhodhi rine Italian midzi uye rinoreva "zvakaoma". In nyika yedu, GOST R 53636-2009 "Cellulose, pepa, makadhibhokisi. Terms uye Definitions "anodzora:" Kazhinji, shoko rokuti "pepa" ringashandiswawo kuti "paperboard" pfungwa. The mutsauko pakati pabepa paperboard kunobva zvikurukuru pamusoro tinyatsonzwisisa ukobvu kwavo kana guru imwe nzvimbo 1 mamita ^2, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko basa ravo. " Raw zvokuvakisa kugadzirwa makadhibhokisi - zvakaoma huni fibers. Nokudaro, bhodhi - ichi ndiro bepa, asi ane hukuru uye arambe achirema. With muganhu kwakadaro diffuse kusarudza haarambi zvakajeka tsananguro. In tsika, pepa rinoungana simba mukuru, ukobvu uye paperboard.

Zvakakurukurwa chacho

Ose makadhibhokisi vane chinhu chimwe chakafanana - layering. Dzokunze akaturikidzana (yakaderera uye yokumusoro) panofanira bleached kana unbleached pulp, zvokuimba pulp kana tsvina bepa, prebleached. A womukati zvekupfakira chakagadzirwa kupfuura dhuri fillers: kugadzirwa tsvina, tsvina bepa, unbleached tsvina mapepa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti rezasi uye okumusoro akaturikidzana zvinogona kudzokororwa (kuva zviviri kana-rukoko matatu). Mari mbishi zvinhu akatsunga uye aida zvechadenga goho. Pachishandiswa ehupfumi akawanda kunoitika zvimiso kupatsanura zvinhu.

kupatsanura pakati kabhodhi

Kune nzira dzakawanda, kusanganisira German uye European. inogona kuwanika munyika dzedu:

• By mhando mbishi zvinhu: cellulose (makadhibhokisi kubva mbishi zvinhu), zvisingavaki muviri, kraft makadhibhokisi.
• Mune nzira inoshandiswa: zvemapuranga, uncoated, vakakanda unhani, hromerzats, hromokarton, duplekskarton, triplekskarton, cellulose.
• By kudomwa: Containerboard, anodhinda, Sefa, chiedza maindasitiri, engineering, kuvakwa.
• Maererano All-Russian kupatsanura: Crate chiputiriso, chiedza uye kudhinda Mazinga, injiniya zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kuvakwa, Sefa, motokari, zvakasiyanasiyana.

European kupatsanura ane tsamba rokuti uye anoparadzanisa makadhibhokisi mhando kugadzirwa nzira. Chero zvazvingava, mumwe kushanda zvinoda vamwe ehupfumi.

ehupfumi

GOST R 53636-2009 rinopa mazita zvakakwana muchikepe nebepa unhu tichitaura mitemo. The huru zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• chena;
• kunyorova;
• mwando (mvura pamberi acho);
• mukurumari;
• kuomarara;
• flexural kuomarara;
• zhiropronitsaemost;
• simba;
• uremu;
• arambe achirema, etc.

Sezvo inogona kuonekwa tonotora mamwe makadhibhokisi chimwe chikumbiro, vanobvumira kuti zvakakwana guru zvakawanda nezveunhu. Chii? Izvi huchakurukurwa.

Kabhodhi. Types uye zvivako

Funga inokosha kupatsanura pakati mbishi zvinhu pavanoparidza zvinotevera ehupfumi:

• Cellulosic bhodhi. A nevamwe chinhu: kubudisa yepamusoro anodhinda pairi. Uye sezvo mukuru mbishi zvinhu zvakashandiswa, munda chikumbiro - uye zvokudya uye chiedza Mazinga, uye rokudhinda. zvinogadzirwa zvakadai dzinoratidzwa nomutengo nekaupenyu yakakwirira uye simba zvakanaka zvivako. Saka, shandisa kuti vazvipire zvigadzirwa, kudhinda uye kavha.
• Recycling kabhodhi. Rine zvishoma kuomarara uye vakaderera mutengo. Rinogona kushandiswa mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Kana iwe sarudza vanofanira mukobvu shanduro kuti zvinhu pamwe vasanyanye mutengo vakachengetedzwa simba unhu. Most inowanzoshandiswa nokuda vakawanda nevatengi nhumbi. Zvokudya chigadzirwa kunoda mamwe kuputira pamusoro neVadzidzi chiputiriso.
• Kraft kabhodhi. Rinoreva kugadzirwa woodfree. It ane kunowedzerwa simba unhu mari yakaderera. A nevamwe chinhu - kurutivi chomukati unbleached.

Special mafomu

Chevana okugadzira zvinhu uye dizaynerstvo - pevara maviri yakakurumbira mavara makadhibhokisi. Uye kana kwokutanga zvakanzi dzaitaurwa muchimiro machira mavara, kusiyana nhasi vanogona kufadza kwazvo kuongorora pfungwa uye fungidziro. Ndezvipi wechitema makadhibhokisi zviripo?

• Kwazvakarerekera ruvara. Zviri chete mativi maviri ane mativi. Vazhinji akashandisa kusika necheseri.
• With mifananidzo. Kazhinji ruvara kureva mamiriro yokungodzokorora mapatani, zvinhu.
• Holographic. Chechienzi zvinhu, iye anowedzera kukura kwebasa mabasa uye vagadziri vana.
• Corrugated. Iye kutakura Zvaiitwa ruvara, uye kunyange-dimensional matatu. Izvi zvinhu hazvisi chete kushandiswa handicrafts asiwo chete kugadzira pasuru mifananidzo, mazambiringa zvinhu nokuda zvokunyaradza kushongedzwa.

Mhando kabhodhi nokuda kavha

anofanira kukurukura nzvimbo iyi zvizere. Kabhodhi nokuti kavha yava kwazvo muupenyu hwevanhu. Zvisinei, kana mukauya wokuti ndibhadhare mari muchitoro, chitoyi kana imba midziyo yemagetsi kubva pose kuritenga achabvisa atorwa. Zvinotevera zvokuzvivaraidza makadhibhokisi kavha: tetepa uye gofrakarton. Musimboti yechipiri inogona kuva chete rukoko uye multilayer. It zvinoenderana nokuwanda akaturikidzana ose chemarata makadhibhokisi. Ndiwo inonyanya kufarirwa mhando kavha zvokunyama. Kana dzakaonda makadhibhokisi, izvozvo awana kushandisirwa nezvokudya kavha, zvakakwana zvinonhuhwira, wakachenjera zvinhu uye zvichingodaro. D.

Kana uchisarudza kavha zvinhu achiteerera zvinotevera unhu:

• kuomarara;
• simba;
• mupingo ehupfumi;
• hombe;
• uremu;
• mbishi zvinhu.

kabhodhi kavha kukurumbira imhaka ayo zvakanakira.

zvakwakanakira

The chikuru zvakanakira makatoni ndiwo:

• Zvakatipoteredza noushamwari. Used kana huni fibers kana tsvina mapepa. In yokutanga nyaya vakachengeta utsanana, zvakachengetwa yechipiri musango nokuda marara.
• Light uremu, simba, kuomarara. Kana ichienzaniswa zvinhu zvakadai mabhokisi mapurasitiki, mabhokisi simbi, makadhibhokisi Unobata kurema rwunotiponesawo mari iri chokufambisa.
• Nyore chitoro. Vanhu vakawanda vanoshandisa makadhibhokisi mudziyo kakawanda. Uye kana hakudi, uye kuwana vakaisa sandara machira kuti murege kutora nzvimbo zvikuru.
• Inoraswa. Izvi zvinhu yakasiyana nedzimwe pakuti rinogona kuisa mukati marara kana kurasa nyore chisingazivi zvakavapoteredza.
• Low mutengo. Chokwadi, mutengo kunoenderana kunobva mbishi zvakashandiswa pakugadzira makadhibhokisi. Kunyange zvakadaro, ichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando makadhibhokisi zvinhu ane pasi anokosha.
• The yakafara chigadzirwa siyana inoita-siyana mabhokisi ane makadhibhokisi. Chipo ichi vashomashoma, uye zvikuru kutakurwa midziyo.

With aya zvakanakira Chokwadi, pachava vaviri zvainovhiringidzawo: yacho opacity; akaparadza pasi zvakananga zvaiitwa unyoro. Dambudziko rokutanga kugadziriswa kuisa epurasitiki mafirimu muchimiro pamahwindo, wechipiri - inokosha polymeric coatings. Kabhodhi nokuda kwayo yakasiyana zvivako uye tichishandisa mari yakaderera achagara kuva akakurumbira. Chimwe nyaya iri kudzivirira zvisikwa. Kana aripo chete kwemiti, kwezvakatipoteredza vachatambura.