Vagari Istanbul (Turkey): mukuru tsanangudzo guta

Istanbul anogona zvakarurama kunzi rimwe remaguta ekare munyika. Nhoroondo yaro odzokera makore anopfuura zviuru zviviri. Nanhasi Istanbul rakaramba pakubika uye tsiye kare. On dzinenge dzose dzomumusha muguta, unogona kuona kungoda ayo nhoroondo mbiri uye akapfuma. Istanbul - inoshamisa wemishonga Islamic tsika, zvekare uye zvemazuva ano nemagariro upenyu. Kare uye chipo dzinobatana Nyatsobatanidzwai muguta rino imwe. Kwete kushanyira Istanbul, haugoni kuti akashanyira Turkey. Pashure pezvose, guta rino - moyo nyika, paucheche tsika uye nhoroondo.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Kutozosvikira 1930 guta rainzi Constantinople. Rinoreva muguta Constantine. Tiri kutaura weRoma Constantine I, uyo muna 330 vakatama guta guru rehurumende iri Istanbul ano. Turkey - kuti hurumende achawana zvakawanda papera nezita. Pamberi guta rainzi Byzantium Constantinople uye aiva mumwoyo Byzantine Empire. Munguva muchiLatin Empire weConstantinople akanga uyewo akasarudzwa sezvo guru. Zvechokwadi mumazuva anokudzwa hweTurkey.

Zita Turkish Republic akanga wakaiswa muna 1923 pashure mukukunda National yekusunungura kufamba achitungamirirwa Ataturk.

Jogirafi uye Climate

Istanbul - a zvachose akasiyana guta. It riri muzvikamu zviviri zvenyika, zvisina zvakawanda zvokutaura pamusoro dzimwe guta chero munyika. Zvinonzi muzvikamu zviviri kubva Bosphorus. Istanbul riri pamharadzano uye nyika. The nzira kubva Sea Black kuna reMediterranean kuburikidza nemhenderekedzo, iyo anogeza yeGungwa Marmara. Tikafunga tsika Asian uye European liberalism nokuti guta iri munzira kubva Asia neEurope.

Istanbul zvachose mune mapazi ose okunze. Naizvozvo, pano inodziya, dzimwe nguva kupisa yechirimo uye muchitonhorera dzechando. Chando hariwanikwi, asi zvinoitika kuti mvura chando anouya.

Istanbul nguva yakasiyana panguva muMoscow pa 1:00. Ndima Turkey kwakaita ndorwevaya kechipiri vematunhu, apo Moscow - wechitatu.

Istanbul kuti uwandu hwevanhu

Maererano ndibatsireiwo data, guta riri musha vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 25 kuti. Pamutemo, uwandu hwevanhu Istanbul riri vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 14. Izvi imhaka mutsika basa vanotama kubva munyika imwe pasi azvipire zvoupfumi uye munyika dzine hondo. Kazhinji vanhu ava vari kubatikana mubasa zvekutepfenyura uye kuvakwa. Ndiko kunodiwa yakaderera-unyanzvi kana zvakaoma basa.

Istanbul vagari ine kunonyanya ravaIndia vokuTurkey iyo vaMuslim. Zvisinei, vokuTurkey vakawanda vane midzi Greek, nokuda kare. Panguva hweOttoman Empire, vakawanda vaGiriki vakanga vatendeukira Islam, vakaungana muguta guru tsika Turkey - Istanbul. The mutauro unotaurwa vakawanda chavagari guta - wokuTurkey. Asi vokuTurkey vazhinji murayiro wakanaka Chirungu uye mitauro Russian. Izvi zvinoshandawo zvikurukuru kunotenga nzvimbo muguta.

nzvimbo Istanbul

Istanbul yose ake refu uye rinobwinya nhoroondo yaiva guta norupo chaizvo, izvo nheyo dzaro yetsika uye nemakambani. Vamiriri vemunyika dzakasiyana asvika Istanbul vakabatsira kutanga guta uye pakusika chitsva maruwa.

Mumaruwa Istanbul, sezvo guta pacharo, rakakamurwa European uye Asian. Zvichienderana kana dziri pane zvimwe kumahombekombe. guta rose rakakamurwa maruwa 39. Vamwe vavo vanogona kunzi sezvo maindasitiri, vamwe akarara, vamwe nzvimbo uye nhoroondo.

Yakakurumbira mumaruwa Istanbul zvinotevera:

• Islands machinda '. Kazhinji, zvikuru dzakati vakawanda nzvimbo muguta, asi dzisina. vagari Istanbul kuti anofarira achipedza kwevhiki ake ikoko.
• Beşiktaş. State, iyo akatora mumhenderekedzo yegungwa Skyline.
• Fatih - Historic District. Zviri Fatih Nde kukwezvana yeguta: kereke Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque, Topkapi Palace nevamwe.
• Beyoğlu. No zvishoma nomukurumbira nharaunda pane Fatih. Vashanyi vakasarudza izvozvo nokuda Taksim Square, Galata Tower. Izvi zviviri nzvimbo interconnected Galata zambuko.
• Eyüp. The yakanakisisa nzvimbo Istanbul, kuti kuyemura Gulf Golden Horn.
• Laleli. guta kutenga nzvimbo, mune chokwadi, nzvimbo musika. Pane akawandisa muzvitoro kuti mubasa kutengeswa kwenhumbi anogadzirwa kunyanya chiedza indasitiri mafekitari.

upfumi

Economic zviratidzi İstanbul yekudyidzana kupfuura guta chero munyika. An dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti guta musha billionaires 30. Iro pacharo chinokosha. Uyezve, 27% kuti GDP zvawanikwa kubudikidza Istanbul. Turkey akapa Mega-guta anopfuura 20% yevashandi, asi anowana ikoko vanenge 40% mitero zvose.

Industry, pfungwa kunyanya Mafuro Istanbul, ndiyo siyana chaizvo. Kubva ouinjiniya kuti chikafu indasitiri. Most ekisipoti hazvo aimiririra zvokudya uye Whitehead Textile Mazinga (anenge 80%). Chikamu chinokosha muguta kwemari muri chinobva ndima midziyo kuburikidza Bosporus Strait.

Education mu Istanbul

Istanbul zvakare muzinda nesayenzi munyika. The guta kunokwezva vadzidzi kubva pamusoro nyika uye vachibva nomunyika dzakapoteredza. The guta ndiyo pakukura Turkey raMwari Istanbul University. Vadzidzi vanenge 140 000 vanhu. Ndicho dangwe uye kupfuura nomukurumbira kupfungwa yepamusoro munyika. Kwazvo-anozivikanwa Istanbul Technical University (mumwe mukuru michina mumayunivhesiti munyika) uye University of Marmara.
Kuwedzera inozivikanwa uye nomukurumbira masangano aya rokudzidzisa muguta kune vazhinji maduku, zvishoma inozivikanwa private uye voruzhinji Africa, iyo chitima nyanzvi munzvimbo dzakasiyana. In Istanbul, chikuru kwawakananga pakutsvakurudza nzvimbo munyika uye chikuru raibhurari.

Transportation kwezvivako weguta

Sezvo 90-ies wekupedzisira remakore, Turkey uye Istanbul yakatanga nokukurumidza munyaya zvose zvoupenyu paruzhinji. Vagari rakakura nokukurumidza. Utungamiriri guta, kwakasarudzwa kukudziridza kwezvivako kuti kupa vanhu Istanbul hwomutambarakede ezvinhu. Pasi pechirongwa ichi, kukura muguta nezvifambiso zvinosvika rakapiwa vainyatsotarisirwa.

Mukati muguta pane zviviri zvikuru munyika dzakawanda dzendege: mumwe ari European chikamu, imwe iri Asia. Ivo zvinopa mhepo nhumbi uye mutakurwi motokari. Marine zvifambiso inopiwa nokuda vakawandisa zvengarava, berths, zviteshi siyana nokuda okuchengetera uye nevamwe. Vazhinji fuma vakatakurwa vanosvika uye kusiya kunze Istanbul rails. Nokuti ichi, chiteshi maviri dzakavakwa.

zvifambiso

Special nzeve vanofanira mabhazi mu Istanbul. Stambultsy uye vaeni vanogona kushandisa trams. Vane yakakodzera, kutsanya, ano. Uchibatsirwa wavo, unogona kuona yose muzinda Istanbul. Metrobus inopa mashoko chete mutsva zvikamu guta pasina kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa. Mabhazi - kupfuura chaizivikanwa mabhazi muguta. Dolmush - zvakafanana. nemuchovha edu. Panewo tekisi, funicular njanji, pevhu, chikepe.

Kujairika ndechokuti hapana chimiro pakufamba hakurevi kufukidza guta rose. Pakati zviri nyore uye anokurumidza kusvika kwauri kuenda pamusoro chitima kubva yendege kusvika pakati - pamusoro pevhu, uye ipapo ayambukire Asian kurutivi waya motokari kana chikepe. Chii kunovabatanidza kuti chero mabhazi mu Istanbul ndiye makasimba, vakasununguka uye ano.

Attractions uye Tourism

Machechi, mosques, mizinda, mumapaki, plazas, nhare, mabhiriji, mamiziyamu uye misika - iri diki mazita chii anogona uye anofanira kuona Istanbul. Vazhinji enhoroondo zvinotyisa zviri kusimbiswa muna Fatih muruwa. Kune nyika yakakurumbira Hagia Sophia uye Blue Mosque. Pasina pakuongorora Zvivako mutsika uye nhoroondo hakurevi kupfuura guta rwokuparidza.

Gore negore guta ashanyirwa vashanyi anopfuura mamiriyoni 10, inova chiyero chayo zvenhau netsika chikumbiro. hurumende guta anoteerera zvikuru kutanga toerisme kwezvivako, icho chinounza mari yakawanda iri muhomwe.

Tourist kunyange mwero bhajeti anogona kupedza nguva vari Istanbul yakanaka. Pashure zvose, pane zvose ezvinhu: rweruzhinji motokari, vakawanda vemahotera uye hostels, izvo zvinokonzerwa kukwikwidzana akapa pekugara zvakanaka kuti mwero muripo, uye asingakanganwiki miziyamu muguta munuhwi.