Varroatosis yenyuchi: kudzivirira, nzira dzokurapa. Kuchengeta nyuchi kune vanotanga

Varroa - imwe pfungwa yakajairika uye zvisingafadzi zvirwere nyuchi. Akariti pamuShuramiti Varroa destructor. Izvi arthropod chisvetasimba pamusoro nyuchi, drones, dumbu, mazana uye pupae tikadya ropa ravo. Somugumisiro, tumbuyu simba uye pakupedzisira kufa.

Kutarisika pamuShuramiti

Parasitize nyuchi munhukadzi chete Varroa destructor. Mikono akasakuvara tumbuyu regai kukonzera. Isa fotereza nehadzi, vakabva kufa. Externally, kuti Varroa pamuShuramiti afanane gakanje diki (1.1 mm) ane mashava ruvara. The munhukadzi chisvetasimba iyi kuboora-yakayamwa mouthparts. Naro, panoparadzana mwoyo ari chitin butiro nyuchi uye kutanga muchayamwa ropa (hemolymph). Inoparadzirwa gupa ichi rudzi nokukurumidza, nokuisa mazai anenge 0.5 mm pakukura.

Nzira chirwere

To musi, anenge apiaries zvose mhuri kurarama chisvetasimba ichi ngozi. Transmitted Varroa nyuchi anogona nenzira dzakawanda:

• pamwe kutenga mhuri itsva vaitambura nemhuri;
• kuburikidza-mbavha nyuchi;
• kuburikidza nhunzvi pamwe boka racho ake;
• kuburikidza nyuchi Mabhokisi;
• famba kuburikidza nyuchi.

Sei chirwere pachena pachayo

Varroatosis ngozi, pakati vamwe, iri chokwadi kuti zvakaoma kuona yekare kare yemagwaro. The pamuShuramiti Varroa destructor, Sezvambotaurwa, ane chidukuduku saizi. Naizvozvo, kwakazivikanwa tupukanana vari chiitiko havasi vachiwanda kunyanya, zvakaoma. In zvikuru maronda kuona Varroa nyuchi inogona kuva nomufambiro nezvipembenene pachavo. Ndivo zvishoma nokushingaira kuunganidza nekita saka kuva zvikuru nehasha uye kudzikama. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kunoderedza lifespan yavo.

Kana nyuchi asingadi kutora matanho kubvisa nyuchi kubva mites chirwere achipinda zvakadzama padanho. Panguva iyoyo vari mukoko uchatanga kuoneka chaizvo kusimba motley mazana. About kumhanya Varroa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, uye zvingaratidza yakawanda yakaipa nyuchi duku. Vamwe specimens mikoko utachiona Somuenzaniso, havana mapapiro. Chimwe chiratidzo chirwere iri pfupi dumbu nyuchi. Wokupedzisira Danho Varroa anopinda 3-4th gore pashure chirwere.

migumisiro

Kutora matanho akakodzera inofanira atanga pakarepo mushure Varroa nyuchi dzakaonekwa. Zviratidzo chirwere ichi, saka - kuchikonzerwa mutizi maitiro uye chidzoke nezvipembenene mu mumukoko mhuka yakanyangara. Ndezvipi nemigumisiro Varroa destructor infestation?

The kuipa mhedzisiro chirwere ichi Zvechokwadi, chinokosha zvinoderedza negoho nyuchi. Uyezve, kuwa murwere mhuri havagoni kuumba kuutio. In yechando, ari kusimba nyuchi utachiona kazhinji kufa nenzara. Dzimwe nguva zvinoitika uye kuitira kuti tupukanana ashatirwa, nekusiyana, kuti kushingaira kundorwisa chikafu. Somugumisiro, tsime Vanofa nokuti manyoka.

Sei chirwere hwapedyo

Kamwe muna mumukoko, hadzi pamuShuramiti chinopinda sero larval masero. Mushure nyuchi muzvisimbise, anotanga nokushingaira zvokudya. Panguva pamuShuramiti mazai akawanda kuti dzakwidzwa abuda pamwe vakadzi itsva uye mumwe womukomana. About vhiki rapera fertilizes nehanzvadzi dzake uye anofa. The mukadzi-muvambi uye tupukanana itsva kusiya sero pashure Huro yaro uye pashure 4 mazuva kutanga itsva zai kugadzirwa.

Nhamba huru tupukanana apo yekutapurira Varroa kuchengetwa drone the mano mazana (muna 7-15 nguva kupfuura ari nyuchi). The rakapedza vakadzi muzhizha upenyu anenge 3 months, muchando - 9.

How kuona pamberi pamuShuramiti mu mumukoko

Sezvo Varroa destructor kwakakurumbira chaizvo uye kazhinji kunokonzera husingagumi kukuvara apiyari yenyu, asi nenguva chirwere chirwere kunogona kuvimbisa kuti vabudirire mabasa akadai nyuchi. Muchirimo mikoko hunodiwa kuti yokuongororwa. Izvi zvichaderedza kuzorasikirwa zvakakanganiswa pedyo pamuShuramiti, kushoma. Cherechedzai inofanira kubhadharwa kuti uongorore vana. Unofanirawo nechokwadi kuti nyuchi kuzvibata nenzira inozivikanwa, uye mumukoko havasi mhuka akafa. Mapapiro rezvipembenene kunge yose, utano. Kuvapo anorumwa zvingaratidza chirwere.

Kuwedzera mukoko, unofanira kuongorora nzvimbo pedyo naye. Utachiona, zvikuru simba nyuchi mazana uye pupae anowanzoshandurwa kukandwa kunze.

Ndingaita sei kubvisa mukoko wenyuchi pamuShuramiti

Varroa nyuchi kurapwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Nzira All inogona kupatsanurwa mumapoka makuru matatu. Kakawanda, kubvisa mikoko kubva venyuchi pamuShuramiti inoshandiswa ose anokosha makemikari. Asi kunewo vatsigiri zvakatipoteredza noushamwari tsika pakati venyuchi. nyuchi idzi kurapa Varroa dzinongoitika nzira. Panewo zvemaziso nzira yokubvisa tupukanana. Somuenzaniso, dzimwe nguva kubvisa mites, nyuchi nokuisa chaiyo kupisa kamuri kwemaminitsi 15 (ari tembiricha anenge 47 madhigirii). Zvisinei, nzira iyi chaizvo basa nyanyisa, uye saka kashoma kushandiswa. Nyuchi uyewo dzimwe nguva excised kubva mumukoko enyuchi hono mazana. Pashure pezvose, rine chikamu chikuru nhamba mites.

Kushandisa mishonga

Kufanana mimwe chirwere nyuchi, Varroa rinowanzoshandiswa kurapwa nokushandiswa siyana zvinodhaka watengwa. Kubva inokosha mari kuti boka iri venyuchi kazhinji kushandisa:

• peritroidy ( "Apifit", "Apistan", "Fumisan");
• brompropilaty ( "Folbeks");
• formaniny ( "Bipin," "Anitraz", "Taktin").

Kutenga zvokushandisa zvose izvi zvinogona kuva ari dzakagadzirirwa chitoro "nokuti venyuchi Goods" kana Indaneti. The chete mushonga kwemakore hazvigoni kushandiswa pamusoro apiyari. Izvi zvinotungamirira chimiro kunotouraya itsva pamuShuramiti husingakwanisi iyoyo chaiyo nzvimbo. nyuchi ruzivo vari zano kushandisa apiyari inotevera zvaiitwa:

• Mukutanga uye makore zhizha kushandisa mishonga.
• Muna August, shandisa "Fumisan" kana "Apifit".
• Mumatsutso kushandiswa "Bipin" kana "Taktin".

Treatment varroatosis chitubu rinowanzoshandurwa kuitwa pachishandiswa "Apifita" (1 ndiro 3 sero).

Ubvisei mumukoko ose mites kunonyanya akaoma kuhwanda. Chokwadi ndechokuti panguva ino nhunzvi zvinopfuura tergites nyuchi, apo vanoramba kusvikira yechirimo. Naizvozvo, akashandisa mishonga chete vasina zvazvinoita pavari. Saka, mumatsutso, tisati taita kubudiswa "Bipin" kana "Taktinom", iwe unofanira kushandisa 20% tincture cheminte *. Munhuwi uswa mites havadi. Saka, vari kusashanda uye kusiya tergites. Panyaya iyi, utachiona hwacho vakatobatana kufukidzwa dzinokosha zvinodhaka.

"Bipin 'nokuti nyuchi: mirayiridzo kushandisa mari

mushonga uyu kungova boka formaninov kuti tirwise Varroa venyuchi anoshandiswa kakawanda kupfuura dzimwe Formulations. Naizvozvo mberi funga chii uye sei rinoshandiswa. Huru vanoshingaira fuma "Bipin" ndiyo amitraz - chaiyo nokuita destructively pamusoro Zvikwekwe, muchetura. It akapa muiti iyi ampoules uye anomirira yellowish mvura kuva risingafadzi kwakanaka (sapamazuva naphthalene).

Sei nemazvo kushandisa "Bipin 'nokuti nyuchi? Mirayiridzo kushandiswa kwayo zvikuru nyore. rinoreva munhu aqueous inotoda inoshandiswa kugadzira. Last vakazvigadzirirwa nokusanganisa chinu rimwe (0.5 Rine mamiririta) ari ity mvura yakachena. Marapirwo ari kuitwa rokudiridza "migwagwa" melkostruynogo kwemukoko (10 Rine mamiririta pa) kaviri pa zvikamu nevhiki.

mishonga

Sezvinongoita chero mamwe chirwere nyuchi, Varroa anogona kubatwa kwete chete nokushandiswa mishonga, asi ose dzinongoitika yeimwe. Kubva zvakasikwa, njodzi zvinoreva kuti kubvisa memukoko kubva mites angashandiswa:

• formic asidhi uye oxalic asidhi;
• dzakasiyana-siyana mafuta (dhiri, misipuresi);
• miriwo.

The shuga iri akaisa pamberi mumukoko kuhwanda, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kuti kuwedzera dzinongoitika Mushonga CAS 81, inova decoction pakati gavakava uye mupaini wotungira. Mushure nyuchi kuzvidya, ropa ravo rinovava. Somugumisiro, mites anongoti vanoramba kuchidya.

kushandisa mafuta

Nzira iri kuonekwa chaizvo kubudirire, asi panguva imwe chete uye basa-nyanyisa. Mafuta pakurapa nyuchi siyana zvinogona kushandiswa. Nyuchi vanogona kushandisa Somuenzaniso, zvomusiperesi misidhari, nemipaini, uye zvichingodaro. G. Tupukanana Kazhinji kurapwa Somuenzaniso, vakanatswa mafuta muriwo, hwakakanyiwa samadonhwe fennel kana camphor wandei. sezvamunoita izvozvi zvinogona chaizvoizvo zvikuru kubatsira munyaya iyi, sezvo nyuchi. chitubu zvipembenene anofanira mwaya musanganiswa mafuta, pre-kudhonza puranga, uchishandisa chaiyo pfapfaidzo. Processing kuti kuitwa kaviri pa penguva mazuva 10. Kechitatu, mafuta akashandiswa mumatsutso, pashure kuvhara medosbora, unoparadza anenge 2 g mushonga pamatanda.

Varroatosis kunorapwa kunogona kupiwa nyuchi muchirimo pamusoro kupfeka namafuta nedhiri kusanganiswa mariri. Dzimwe nguva nyuchi uyewo neshungu okupedzisira rinokosha kamuri uye kurishandisa vakaroorana mukoko kubudikidza mugwagwa pombi.

Nokupfeka uye majarini kuti nyore chaizvo. Nokuti ichi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, inoda zvishoma manyuchi (somuenzaniso, kubva Jam). 10-15 zvikamu nedhiri mafuta ari hwakakanyiwa 85-90 zvikamu vaseline. Zvadaro akawedzera 3.2 ml ari manyuchi. The zvichiguma muiti rinoshandiswa zvakaenzana pamusoro bepa pepa 2. Uyezve, mumwe wavo akaisa pazasi memukoko (kuchirapa mubhedha kumusoro) uye yechipiri yakanga yakaiswa pamusoro urongwa. mafuta Dill inogona kutengwa pachitoro kana kuzviita pachako. Mukupera nyaya rodzvurwa 300 g mbeu. Ipapo kudira mafuta sunflower uye kusimbirira kuti vhiki, unomutsa nguva dzose. Agadzirira rinoreva yakasvinwa kuburikidza akapeta kakawanda gauze.

Kushandiswa oxalic asidhi

chokushandisa ichi nguva dzose inowanika zvitoro "The nhumbi venyuchi" uye venyuchi anoshandiswa nevakawanda zvikuru. Zvakarurama oxalic asidhi zvikurukuru spraying. Panyaya iyi, pamatanda rinobviswa mumukoko. Pakati asidhi pachayo inobudiswa pamusoro 2% mhinduro yakafashaidzwa mvura. Vanofanira uchapedza 10-12 ml chigadzirwa nokuda pepuranga rimwe. Takura processing vanofanira ari tembiricha haana kudzika pane 16 inegumi. Tiite spraying kanoverengeka mwaka (3-4). Mumatsutso Processing kuitwa pashure uchi kupomba uye kudya kune bogmærke. Kana kushandisa oxalic asidhi zvikwekwe kutanga idonhe kare pamusoro 10-12 zuva. Treatment rinoitwa munyika ekunze rakaoma. Kushandisa oxalic asidhi hakufaniri yakarebesa. In pokushandisa ichi sechekushandisa akatevedzana kwemakore anopfuura matanhatu, utachiona hwacho kusaurayiwa.

Oxalic asidhi kungashandiswa kwete chete nokuda spraying, asiwo fumigation yenyuchi vari vaviri vaviri. Muchiitiko chino, sezvo paaishandisa mafuta dhiri, akashandisa chinokosha kamuri uye pombi.

Kushandisa mishonga

Kufanana mimwe chirwere nyuchi, Varroa zvinogona kurapwa nemishonga yemakwenzi. Various siyana infusions uye decoctions zvinoshandiswa zvazvingava, kana vachida kuchengetedza zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza kuchena uchi. Zvisinei nyuchi, izvozvo anosarudza kushandisa zvinofanira kuyeukwa zviwanikwa kuti dzakaderera mune zvinobudirira namakemikari kugadzirira (50%).

Mishonga nenyuchi pamuShuramiti kunogona kuitwa kushandisa Somuenzaniso, zvinoreva akadai:

• Muto motherwort, camomile the uye Calendula (akabika maminitsi 50). The rakapedzwa mvura yakanga yakasanganiswa shuga manyuchi uye zvokudya nyuchi kuwana sezvamunoita. Shandisa decoction kazhinji kuwa.
• Aizomupa 50 g pepper yakabikwa 0.5 litres mvura. Mune searing mvura inofanira kuwedzerwa zvishoma shuga manyuchi. chokushandisa ichi unoshandiswa sechinhu dzichifura yechirimo.
• Nhungirwa dzomusango Cherry. Vari kungotaura pamusoro kuumbwa. Pane zvikara Cherry pamuShuramiti anogona kuedza dzinga uchishandisa anobvarurwa-bvarurwa thyme.
• Softwood furawa. Zvinonzi sprayed muchirimo, panguva apo mumukoko zvishoma mazana.

zvakaoma kushandisa maturusi izvi, asi zvichiri zvinogoneka kubvisa zvirwere zvakadai Varroa nyuchi. Zvisinei, Mishonga kurapwa, zvinokosha kupedza pachiimbwa makemikari. Izvi zvichaita kubvisa pakati mites nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Kurapwa

Treatment nyuchi kubva varroatosis nenzira iyi inogona kuva nyatsoshanda chaizvo. Heat kurapwa - iri zvakatipoteredza ushamwari, asi hazvina kukwana uye basa-nyanyisa nzira. Kuita nzira iyi kazhinji kuwa. Wakaitwa sezvinotevera:

• Rezasi notches 10 zvokudya kubva uchisvuta inotutumadzisa.
• Nokuvhara taphole, uye mumukoko wakapinda mumba tembiricha iri zvishoma kupfuura mumugwagwa (asi kwete kupfuura 12 madhigirii).
• Kubviswa mumukoko pemapuranga.
• Nyuchi vanozozununguswa pamwe dumbu iri kukaseti kuburikidza fanera.
• The kukaseti yapera. Nyuchi kurarama mairi kwemaminitsi 15.
• The kukaseti anochengeterwa huru nemvura. The kamuri tembiricha anofanira igadzikane uye vanoramba 47 inegumi.

Panguva kugadzira, kukaseti anofanira zvayaitenderera paguyo uye kuzungunuswa, kwete vachibvumira nyuchi akagonya ari bhora. Mushure 15 min nyuchi vakatakura kubva nokushambidza. Mukamuri paiva mukoko, tepi inofanira kuchengetwa kuti zvimwe kwemaminitsi 15. Uyezve zvipembenene akadurura kudzoka zvekare mapuranga, uye rikaiswa kuti mukoko. Mushure nyuchi azorore, Musana suo kuzarurwa 8 cm. Pashure awa kusvikira kunoderedza kunodiwa panguva ino, kukura.

Kana zvakakodzera, mishonga nyuchi wakaitirwa nebhati varroatosis chitubu wechipiri. Ndiriite nenguva ino, mazuva mashanu pashure yokutanga flyby.

dziviriro

Kufanana nezvimwe zvirwere nyuchi dzakawanda, Varroa kubata zvakaoma. Zviri nyore zvikuru kuti kuedza kurambidza kupinda pakati mites mu mumukoko. Kudzivirira angasanganisira zvinotevera mabasa:

• Special kugadzwa zviri yenyuchi protivovarroatoznogo pasi;
• wakabata apiyari yenyu rokutsvaira (kubviswa zvakawandisa uswa nemarara vabudiswa vana, etc ...);
• kushandiswa kugadzirira anokosha (somuenzaniso, zvinoreva "Thymol");
• Installation iri yenyuchi runotaura pamwe wouchi;
• Association kusimba mhuri uye zvichingodaro. D.

Kudzivirira varroatosis zvinofanira kuitwa pamusoro apiaries zvakakodzera. Mukuwedzera, nyuchi vanofanira nguva dzose nechokwadi chokuti nyuchi havasi kutapukirwa ose comorbidities, tick nezvipembenene.

Kudzivirira chirwere nemavhairasi

Ropa yakayamwa pamuShuramiti Varroa destructor simba nyuchi, zvichiita anorasikirwa simba rayo uye pakupedzisira afa. Zvisinei, hakusi chete matambudziko anokonzerwa chisvetasimba ichi. Saka, somuenzaniso, kuti kuipa kwakaita nyuchi kuonekwa anonyanya nokuti kuti sheche ose Varroa destructor kombera navo ose anokuvadza tusingaoneki. Izvi zvingava Somuenzaniso, utachiona tisawirirane pamusoro bapiro kana rikwanise dzomuviri.

Kudzivirira iyi Chirwere kunonyanya wakagona matanho kuvandudza rokuzvidzivirira nyuchi. Kakawanda, varidzi apiaries zvinoshandiswa chinangwa ichi, somuenzaniso, zvokudya pamwe nemipaini mushoma. Uyewo nhoroondo dzakanaka senzira kuwedzera kutapata, pane "Endoglyukin" gadziriro.

mhedziso

Sezvaunogona kuona, Varroa nyuchi - chirwere chacho chakakomba zvikuru. Matanho nokuti pokuparadzwa chishambwe zvinofanira kutorwa nezviratidzo utachiona wokutanga. Zvikasadaro, nyuchi aitarisira kwete chete Nokurasikirwa makuru chokuita ine simba kuderera negoho nyuchi. Kana maperembudzi atanga, mhuri inogona uye kurasikirwa.