Weldability kuti simbi: kupatsanura. weldability boka simbi

Steel - ndiyo huru STRUCTURAL zvinhu. Zviri yesimbi-kabhoni chiwanikwa ane kugutsikana nouipi siyana. Zvese zvaisanganisira kwaro sezvamunoita, kupesvedzera ehupfumi ari vara. Mumwe kwesayenzi zvechadenga simbi ndiyo kukwanisa kuumba yepamusoro welds.

Zvinhu kuziva weldability kwakaita sesimbi

Kunyatsoongorora weldability hwendarira zvinoberekwa huru indekisi ukoshi - kabhoni noenderana C _eq. Izvi zvimiso coefficient kuratidza mwero kuchinja zviri kabhoni uye chikuru alloying okunze ari weld unhu.

Weldability hwendarira sei zvinhu zvinotevera:

1. The kabhoni kugutsikana.
2. Kuvapo utachiona.
3. The mwero alloying.
4. View microstructure.
5. Environmental ezvinhu.
6. simbi ukobvu.

Chinonyanya zvakwo parameter ndiyo makemikari anoumba.

steels Groupings weldability

Kupiwa zvose izvi, kuti weldability hwendarira ane unhu hwakasiyana.

Kupatsanura pakati steels kuti weldability.

• Good (a kukosha C _eq ≥0,25%) nekuti yakaderera kabhoni simbi zvikamu; ndiyo yakazvimirira pakukora chigadzirwa, mamiriro ekunze, Kuwanikwa regadziriro basa.
• Dzinogutsa (0.25% ≤S _eq ≤0,35%): pane zvausingakwanisi zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu uye dhayamita yechivako chacho kuti welded (tembiricha kuti -5, muna wakadzikama ekunze, ukobvu 20 mm).
• Reserved (0.35% ≤S _eq ≤0,45%) nekuti paumbwe yepamusoro weld zvinoda yapfuura kuratidzwa. Zvinoita kuti "chechetere" ari austenitic kusanduka, paumbwe akatsiga hurongwa (ferrite-pearlite, bainitic).
• Murombo (P _eq ≥0,45%): inotungamirwa mechanically kugadzikana weld hazviiti pasina yapfuura kugadzirira tembiricha simbi micheto, uyewo wakatevera kupisa pakurapa welded mamiriro. Kuumba kutsvakwa microstructure, kuwedzere achawanda uye mvura mvura kutonhora.

weldability kwakaita sesimbi Groups kuti nyore kufamba kwesayenzi zvinhu chaizvo mavanga Welding simbi-kabhoni alloys.

kupisa kurapwa

Zvichienderana boka chaienzanirana weldability pakati steels uye kwesayenzi maitiro, ivo zvechadenga welded muhudyu zvinogona kugadziridzwa pachishandiswa tembiricha kufurirwa tevererana. Govera 4 nzira dzinokosha kupisa kurapwa: kuomesa, tempering, annealing uye normalizing.

Zvinonyanyozivikanwa koukukutu uye tempering nekuda kwekuoma uye simba panguva imwe chete weld, kushushikana chokubvisa, zvomutadzisa cracking walnut. tempering dhigirii kunobva zvinhu uye hunokwanisa zvivako.

Heat Mabatirwo simbi zvivako zviri regadziriro basa rinoitwa:

• annealing - kusimbisa mupfungwa mukati simbi, kuona kwayo softness uye pliability;
• yapfuura neshungu kuitira kurerutsa tembiricha musiyano.

Good Hurumende vliyaniemi tembiricha unokubvumira:

• kugadzirira basa chinhu (kubvisa zvose zvemukati atinosangana kuburikidza vachigeda tsanga);
• kuderedza tembiricha gradients pamusoro chando simbi;
• kuvandudza chatingatevedzera welded chinhu nokuda Kupisa microstructure kururamiswa.

Notebook Edit ehupfumi kubudikidza tembiricha kuchinja zvingava yomunharaunda kana mukuru. unopinza iri neshungu nokuda gasi kana yemagetsi zvokushandisa. Kuti vakuchidzire yose chikamu uye anokosha yamavira zvinoshandiswa wakatsetseka kutonhora.

Mugumisiro Microstructure pamusoro Properties

Musimboti kwemasayendisiti kupisa kurapwa pachishandiswa STRUCTURAL transformations mukati vara uye migumisiro yazvo pamusoro Rakasimbisa simbi. Saka, kana kumira kuti tembiricha kuti 727 c chinhu zvakasiyana zviyo austenitic mamiriro. Kutonhora nzira anosarudza kutendeuka kuita:

1. Inside furnace (nokukurumidza 1˚S / Nha) - kuumbwa pearlite chivako chine neukukutu anenge 200 HB (Brinell pokuoma).
2. In mhepo (10 ° C / Nha) - sorbitol (ferritic-pearlitic tsanga) neukukutu 300 HB.
3. Mafuta (100 ° C / Nha) - troostite (ferrite-cementite microstructure), 400 HB.
4. Water (1000˚S / Nha) - martensite: zvikukutu (600 HB), asi kusimba acicular marongerwo.

Welding remubatanidzwa kuva zvakaoma yakakwana, simba, unhu zviratidzo zviri ductility, zvisinei martensitic weld unhu zvisingagamuchiriki. Low kabhoni alloys vari ferritic, ferritic-pearlitic, ferritic-austenitic marongerwo. Svikiro-uye srednelegirovannye simbi - pearlite. High-kabhoni uye yakakwirira - martensitic kana troostite kuti zvakakosha kuti vaunze ferritic-austenitic pfungwa.

Welding kuti kabhoni steels

Weldability vagara vandifungira uwandu kabhoni steels uye kabhoni netsvina. Vanokwanisa kupisa, akatendeuka mugomba gaseous chimiro uye kupa yakaderera-unhu weld porosity. Sarufa phosphorus zviri kusimbiswa pana kumicheto kwaro, kuwedzera fragility yechivako chacho. Zvisinei, Welding zvikuru Yokudzidza, zvinoda munhu kusvika.

Carbon simbi dzose unhu mapoka mapoka matatu: A, B uye C. The nomoto basa rinoitwa ane simbi boka B.

Weldability kuti simbi mamakisi VSt1 - VSt4, maererano GOST 380-94, dzinoratidzwa nokushayikwa kurambidzwa uye zvimwe zvinodiwa. Welding chinotaura dhayamita kusvika 40 mm kunoitika pasina kudziyisa. Possible zviratidzi inoratidza: T - yakakwirira manganese kugutsikana; Pedyo kp, Pis, sp - "Kubika", "Semi-vakaurayiwa," "unzwe", ukuwo.

simbi unhu nyoro anomirirwa pamwe chiratidzo unosvitsa hundredths kabhoni chikamu chiduku, chichiratidza mwero deoxidation uye manganese kugutsikana (GOST 1050-88): simbi 10 (uyewo 10PP, 10ps, 10G), 15 (uyewo 15kp, 15 Pis, 15G), 20 (uyewo 20kp, 20ps, 20G).

Kuti vave nechokwadi unhu musono weld dziva anofanira kuitisa chirongwa saturation pamwe kabhoni manganite C uye MN.

Nzira nomoto:

1. MMA vachishandisa chinokosha pakutanga calcined electrode dhayamita 2 kusvika 5 mm. Types: E38 (nokuti svikiro-simba), E42, E46 (nokuti simba zvakanaka kusvika 420 MPa), E42A, E46A (nokuti mukuru simba dzakaoma hurongwa hwavo kushanda mune chaiyo ezvinhu). Welding pematanda 5 uye GMM UONI 13/45 anoitwa pasi rusingaperi iyezvino. Basa nokuda electrodes CM-7, oma-2, CM-11 vari kunze ose iyezvino maitiro.
2. Gas nomoto. Kazhinji kacho hazvisi chinodiwa, asi zvinoita. Rinoitwa kushandisa filler waya St-08, St-08A, 08GA-St, St-08GS. Marata nizkouglerodistyj (D 8mm) welded kuruboshwe nzira, nemvumi (D 8mm) - zvakanaka. Payakaipira weld ehupfumi zvinobvira kubvisa kuburikidza normalizing kana annealing.

Welding yakaderera kabhoni steels kushanda pasina zvimwe kudziyisa. Nokuti mashoko nyore chimiro hakuna kurambidzwa. Volumetric uye truss ezvirevo zvinokosha kudzivirira kubva mhepo. Complex zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti weld ari chirimwa panguva tembiricha pazasi 5 ° C.

Nokudaro, tsikisa VSt1 - VSt4 simbi 10 - simbi 20 - chakanaka weldability, zvachose pasina kumanikana, mureza kunoda munhu pakusarudza nomoto nzira, electrode mhando uye iyezvino maitiro.

Svikiro-uye yakakwirira-kabhoni STRUCTURAL simbi

Saturation kabhoni chiwanikwa kunoderedza kukwanisa kwayo kuumbika majoini zvakanaka. Muitiro tembiricha yacho riemukaari gasi murazvo zvinokonzerwa kana nesarufa vaunganidza pamusoro yehombodo sejecha, zvichitungamirira brittleness, phosphorus - kune chando brittleness. Kakawanda welded zvinhu doped pamwe manganese.

Izvi zvinosanganisira kwakajairika STRUCTURAL simbi yepamusoro VSt4, VSt5 (GOST 380-94), unhu 25, 25G, 30, 30G, 35, 35g, 40, 45G (GOSTt 1050-88) zvakasiyana simbi.

Musimboti kuvhiyiwa kuri kuderedza huwandu kabhoni iri weld dziva simbi saturation mariri nesilicon uye manganese, kuona Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri rwokugadzira. Zvakakosha kudzivisa kunyanya kabhoni Nokurasikirwa, izvo zvingaita kuti destabilization pamusoro zvemaziso zvivako.

Features nomoto steels nomutoo uye yakakwirira kabhoni kugutsikana:

1. Primal kuratidzwa 100-200˚S micheto kuti kufara kusvika 150 mm. Chete muchiso VSt4 uye simbi 25 welded pasina zvimwe kudziyisa. Nekuti svikiro pamwe inogutsa weldability pamberi kutanga basa kuti vabereke zvizere normalization. Nokuti mukuru kabhoni zvakakodzera regadziriro annealing.
2. Arc nomoto rinoitwa calcined zvemapuranga electrodes siyana kukura kubva 3 kusvika 6 mm (TAU-2, UONI-13/55, ELN-7) pasi kugara kuitika. zvinogoneka kushanda svikiro nekubudisa kana anodzivirira magasi (CO _2, argon).
3. Gas nomoto rinoitwa carburizing murazvo akasiya netsika kune yapfuura nenharo kusvika 200 ° C tembiricha pa yunifomu pasi simba zvitengeswa acetylene.
4. The yaidzorwa Kupisa kurapwa nezvikamu: richipedza uye tempering kana vakaparadzana Rental kuderedza dzakawanda mupfungwa kudzivirira cracking walnut, kunyoroveswa pamusoro martensite uye kunopfavisa troostite ezvirevo.
5. Nemishonga gwapa nomoto rinoitwa pasina kurambidzwa.

Saka, medium- kune mukuru-kabhoni STRUCTURAL steels vari welded pamwe dzinenge pasina mitemo, pagungano zvokunze tembiricha kuti hapana kudzika pane 5 ° C. At dzakaderera tembiricha runodiwa kudziyisa uye kutanga yepamusoro kupisa kurapwa.

Welding yakaderera chiwanikwa steels

Yakapambadzirwa simbi - simbi ndechokuti panguva utsotso zvakazara nesimbi dzakasiyana-siyana kuitira kuti vawane unodikanwa ehupfumi. Vanenge vose vane kunobatsirawo pokuoma uye simba. Chromium uye nickel zvaisanganisira pakupisa nemishonga uye Stainless alloys. Vanadium nesilicon Tipei elasticity, mashoko akashandiswa gadzira inamatsime. Molybdenum, manganese, titanium, chinogonesa vapfeke nemishonga, tungsten - red pokuoma. Panguva iyoyowo, kunobatsirawo pamusoro ehupfumi wemigove, ivo zvinoshatisa kuti weldability kwakaita sesimbi. Uyezve, kuwedzera mwero nokuomesa uye paumbwe martensitic zvivako, zvemukati zvinetso uye ngozi makatsemuka vari vazvo.

Weldability chiwanikwa steels kunorondedzerwa dzavo makemikari anoumba.

Low kabhoni, yakaderera-yakapambadzirwa 2GS, 14G2, 15G, 20G (GOST 4543-71), 15HSND, 16G2AF (GOST 19281-89) zvinofanira welded. Pasi pomureza ezvinhu regai zvinoda kuwedzere achawanda nokupisa kurapwa pamusoro kuvakwa kwacho. Muchiitiko chino, kunyange pane dzimwe kurambidzwa:

• Rakamanikana-siyana zvinogamuchirika chafariz modes.
• Basa kuitwa panguva tembiricha haana kudzika -10˚S (pasi ezvinhu yakaderera mumhepo tembiricha, asi kwete pazasi -25˚S kushandisa preheating kusvika 200 ° C).

Possible nzira:

• Arc nomoto ane DC simba 40 kusvika 50 A, ivo electrodes E55, E50A, E44A.
• Automatic nomoto chinhu chakakombama anyatsofukidzwa kushandisa filler waya 08GA-St, St-10 Ha.

Weldability 09G2S 10G2S1 uyewo yakanaka, zvinodiwa uye zvichiita nzira kuita zvakafanana kuti alloys 12GS, 14G2, 15G, 20G, 15HSND, 16G2AF. An inokosha mamirire 09G2S alloys 10G2S1 havafaniri kumucheto kugadzirira zvinhu kusvika 4 masendimita ari dhayamita.

Srednelegirovannoj nomoto steels

Srednelegirovannye simbi 20HGSA, 25HGSA, 35HGSA (GOST 4543-71) zvinosvibisa kurwisa kukuru kuti paumbwe unstrained vazvo. Vanopinda boka pamwe inogutsa weldability. Anodei kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo-kudziyisa kuti tembiricha 150-200˚S, ari multilayered vazvo, richipedza uye tempering pakupera nomoto. Embodiments:

• The simba kuitika uye dhayamita pamusoro electrode apo Welding chinhu chakakombama zvachose kusarudzwa zvichienderana simbi ukobvu, kufungisisa kuti wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose unopinza hwakasimba pasi richipedza panguva basa. Saka, kana zvinobikwa 2-3 mm dhayamita kukosha kuitika kunofanira mukati 50-90 A. Apo pakukora kumicheto 7-10 mm DC simba pakatarisana polarity kuitika ichiwedzerwa kusvika 200 A kushandisa 4-6mm electrodes. Used tsvimbo vane cellulose kana karusiyamu fluor-kukudzivirira coatings (18HGSA-St, St-18HMA).
• In oparesheni, kudzivirirwa gasi CO ₂ zvakakodzera kushandisa St-08G2S waya Sv-10G2, 10GSMT-St, St-08H3G2SM dhayamita kusvika 2 mm.

Kazhinji zvinhu izvi inoshandiswa TIG nomoto nzira kana mumvura.

Heat nemishonga uye yakakwirira-simba steels

Welding pamwe thermostable simbi-kabhoni chiwanikwa 12MH, 12H1M1F, 25H2M1F, 15H5VF kunofanira kuitwa pamwe preheating kuti tembiricha 300-450˚S wokupedzisira dzinopedza uye munyoro.

• Arc nomoto nzira Pazvinoitika Clearance multilayer musono kushandisa calcined zvemapuranga electrodes UONII 13 / 45MH, CCR-3, 30-63-CL, CL-39.
• Gas nerubatsiro acetylene nomoto pamwe 100 dm they ³ / mm kushandisa filler zvinhu Sv-08HMFA, St-18HMA. Pipe kubatana rinoitwa wambotaurwa gasi kudziyisa ose pejoinhi.

Apo Welding mukuru-simba zvinhu srednelegirovannoj 14H2GM, 14H2GMRB inokosha kutungamirirwa zvakafanana nemitemo kana kupisa nemishonga steels, kufungisisa zvimwe nuances:

• Kwazvo pakuchenesa micheto uye kushandiswa muhari yokuisira.
• Mukuru tembiricha calcination electrode (kukwira 450˚S).
• Preheating kuna 150˚S mashoko ukobvu kupfuura 2 cm.
• Slow kutonhora musono.

soro-chiwanikwa simbi

Kushandiswa rinokosha Michina kunokosha kana Welding mukuru-chiwanikwa steels. Izvi zvinosanganisira guru-siyana Stainless simbi, kupisa nemishonga uye nokupisa nemishonga alloys, vamwe vavo: 09H16N4B, 15H12VNMF, 10H13SYU, 08H17N5MZ, 08H18G8N2T, 03H16N15MZB, 15H17G14A9. Weldability kwakaita sesimbi (GOST 5632-72) ndowenyika 4th boka.

weldability kwakaita sesimbi mukuru-kabhoni mukuru-Feature:

1. Zvakakosha kutapudzwa avhareji pari kubudikidza 10-20% nokuda kwavo pasi chafariz conductivity.
2. Welding kunofanira kuitwa pamwe mukaha, kuti electrodes kusvika 2 mm.
3. Rutapudzo pamusoro phosphorus, kutungamirira, sarufa, namavara akanaka, akawedzera kuvapo molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten zvemapuranga nokushandisa chaiwo mbariro.
4. Kudikanwa kuumba weld vakavhengana microstructure (ferrite + austenite). Izvi zvinopa ductility kuti iiswe simbi uye kurerutsa zvinorwisana kunetseka.
5. Raida kudziyisa micheto Evha nomoto. The tembiricha anosarudzwa mu kuwanda kubva 100 kusvika 300˚S, zvichienderana mano ose microstructure.
6. Pakusarudza Coated electrodes mune chinhu chakakombama nomoto chinorondedzerwa nenzira mhando nezviyo, kuti zvivako uye anodawo zvemupiro zvikamu nokuti austenitic simbi 12H18N9: UONII 13 / VAW, RLA-7 RLA-14 Coated-06H19N9T St, St-02H19N9; nokuti martensitic simbi 20H17N2: UONII 10H17T, AN-B-10 St-08H17T unhani; nokuti austenitic-ferritic simbi 12H21N5T: CL-33 St-08H11V2MF unhani.
7. Kana acetylene gasi nomoto zvokudya zvinofanira kuenzana kukosha 70-75 ^dm3 / mm akashandisa filler waya - 02H19N9T-St, St-08H19N10B.
8. Possible yaishanda anyatsofukidzwa uchishandisa VAW-8.

Steel Weldability - hama parameter. It zvinoenderana makemikari anoumba zvesimbi, ayo microstructure uye mumuviri zvivako. Saka kukwanisa kuumba yepamusoro kubatana zvinogona kugadziridzwa Via nemaune rwokugadzira kusvika, chaiwo midziyo uye basa waivako ezvinhu.