Where Troy iri? Guta Troy - kare. Troy pamepu ano

A yakawanda emakore, guta rino uye ayo nhoroondo dambiro matongo uye zvawo adventurers. Hafu yezana remakore adarika, Heinrich Schliemann akakwanisa kuwana nzvimbo iri Troy, uye muna 1988 kufarira masayendisiti kuti guta rino kunozivikanwa akamuka zvakare. To musi, kwave kune yakawanda yokutsvakurudza uye akawana nemagariro akaturikidzana vanoverengeka.

Vhuṱanzi

Izvi yokugara Luwian budiriro, aizivikanwawo pasi zita Ilion, ndiro guta rekare kuti yaiva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero Asia Minor, pedyo nemhenderekedzo Gungwa reAegean. Ndipo Troy aiva panyika mepu. The guta rakava nomukurumbira nokuti epics vekare vechiGiriki munyori Homer uye zvakawanda rengano, uye Ndakawanikwa matongo Heinrich Schliemann.

Chikonzero chikuru nei guta rekare aigona kuwana mukurumbira wakadaro ndiye Trojan Hondo uye zvose padivi zviitiko dzayo. Maererano dzeurongwa ari "rinonzi Iliad", waiva hondo-gore gumi, izvo zvakazoita kuti kuwa mumusha macho.

Wokutanga goronga

Pane pfungwa kuti nharaunda Troy akanga yakakura kupfuura kare akafunga. Muna 1992, Zvakafukunurwa rwaiitwa, zvakazoita kuwanikwa parusvingo pakubhiti guta. mugomba iri rinomhanya kure zvakakwana kubva pamasvingo eguta, yakapoteredza imwe nzvimbo dzinenge 200 thous. M ^2, kunyange zvazvo guta racho anotora chete anenge 20 ths. M ^2. musayendisiti German Manfred Korfman anotenda kuti munharaunda ino aiva Lower Town, uye kusvika 1700 BC. e. ipapo achiri akararama vanhu.

The mugoronga wechipiri

Papera makore maviri, muna 1994, panguva kupikidura rechipiri artificially akasika mugomba zvakanzi yakawanikwa, izvo achimhanya mamita mazana mashanu kubva dzavarwi. Vose mugomba rakavakirirwa ezvinhu yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira nhare, nokuti haagoni kukunda mune ngoro dzehondo. Vanochera matongo vanodavira kuti pano vakanga Vakarodza mbambo kana yemapuranga rusvingo. kuda kwakadaro vanorondedzerwa usingafi "rinonzi Iliad", kunyange asiri unogona ikozvino kuvimbwa nayo sezvo kare yekutanga.

Luvians kana Cretan-Mycenaeans?

Nyanzvi Korfman anotenda kuti Troy ndiye wakananga wenhaka Anatolian Marudzi, uye kwete, sezvinofungwa nevakawanda vakatenda, Mycenaean. Nharaunda remazuva ano Troy rine Zvakawanikwa zhinji kutsigira izvozvo. Asi muna 1995 rakaitirwa rinokosha akawana akawanikwa kudhindwa pamwe vatambi pamusoro mutauro Luwian waiva yakapfuura zvakajairika muAsia Minor. Asi zvinosuwisa kuti haana zvakawanwa itsva kuti anoratidza zvakajeka kuti vatatu akataura mumutauro iwoyo.

Zvisinei Korfman aiva nechokwadi chokuti Trojans vekare vaiva zvakananga vazukuru Indo-European vanhu vaiva Luvians mavambo. Izvi vanhu anenge II Millennium BC. e. Iye akawanda akatamira Anatolia. zvinhu zvakawanda kuti yakawanikwa Pavaichera mu Troy vanogona kuva ino chaiyo budiriro, kwete Greek. Pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka, achisimbisa mukana kubvuma ichi. Mundima kwayakanga Troy, nowenyika Mycenaean madziro, uye chitarisiko mudzimba rakanyatsojeka kwese kuti Anatolian mapurani.

chitendero

Panguva chine Zvakafukunurwa pano akawanikwa muHiti-Lubian chitendero zvinhu. Pedyo yokugedhi rokumaodzanyemba vaiva steles zvina, iyo yaimiririra mwari tsika muHiti. Mukuwedzera, kumakuva, riri pedyo masvingo eguta, pane zviratidzo kupiswa. Sezvo nzira iyi kuvigwa hakusi kwese kuti marudzi Western, asi vaHiti nayo vakaungana pairi, ndechimwe ndinoiitawo mune nyasha Korfman dzidziso. Zvisinei, nhasi zvakaoma chaizvo kuti vaone sei chaizvoizvo.

Troy panyika mepu

Nekuti Troy chakabatwa pakati - pakati vaGiriki uye navaHiti - zvaiwanzova zvakafanira kuti obatanidzwa nokuurayiwa. Gara pano nyaya hondo, nzvimbo uye akarwisa vavengi vose itsva. Zvinonzi nesayenzi nekusimba, sezvo panzvimbo Troy ndechokuti, kureva pamusoro munharaunda kweTurkey yemazuva ano, kungoda moto kwakawanikwa. Asi kumativi 1180 BC. e. pano yaiva tsaona, iyo chakaratidza kutanga kunzwisisa nguva munhau kwete Troy chete, asiwo munyika.

The Trojan hondo

Kana dzakananga zvinoratidza akawanikwa panguva kupikidura, uye iwe unogona kutaura chinhu chaicho, zviitiko kwakaitika yezvematongetwo, uye chokwadi shure kwavo, chinoramba mubvunzo guru. Kushaya ruzivo uye vakawanda nedzidziso, kazhinji musoro, vamwe kubvuma ukoshi chiso kuti akapa vanomutswa ngano zhinji uye ngano. Izvi zvinoshandawo Epic chikuru muimbi Greek yekare Homer, izvo mamwe masayendisiti nemhaka yokusava uchapupu akagadzirira funga umboo chapupu, asi hondo kwakaitika kare asati aberekwa ari munyori nhetembo, uye chokwadi aiziva naye chete kubva pamiromo nevamwe.

Helen uye Paris

Maererano nengano, inorondedzerwa "rinonzi Iliad", mhaka hondo yaiva mukadzi, mudzimai waMambo Menelaus - Elena. Troy, ane nhoroondo iye aiziva dambudziko, kwete kamwe Akatsoropodzwa vaGiriki, uye pamberi hondo, sezvo Trojans akakwanisa kudzora kutengeserana ukama Dardanelles. Maererano mungano, hondo yakatanga nemhaka yokuti mumwe wevanakomana Trojan mambo Priam - Paris - vakaba mudzimai mubati Greek, nevaGiriki, uyewo, akasarudza kudzokera nayo.

Ungangove, chiitiko ichi chaizvoizvo kwakaitika munhau, asi hazvina chete mhosva yehondo. Chiitiko ichi chakapedzisira, pashure iyo, akatanga kurwa.

bhiza Trojan

Chimwe ngano pamusoro pokuparadzwa Troy, inotiudza pamusoro sei vaGiriki vakakwanisa kukunda muhondo. Kana uchitenda mabhuku zvinyorwa, yava zvichibvira kunokwana inonzi Trojan bhiza, asi Bhaibheri ichi, pane kupesana zhinji. In ake detembo yokutanga "The rinonzi Iliad", zvachose chakatsaurirwa kuna Troy, Homer haatombotauri nezvake yechiitiko ichi yehondo, uye "Odyssey" rinotsanangura nemashoko akadzama yake. Kubva ichi tinogona kugumisa kuti, Ungangove, ndiko nhema, kunyanya sezvo pasina uchapupu hwezvokuchera matongo ari nzvimbo, kwaiwanikwa Troy.

Panewo pfungwa kuti bhiza Trojan Homer aifunga gondohwe kurova, kana naizvozvo akaratidza unhu zvikepe akauya wazvakaitika kweguta.

Sei Troy rakaparadzwa

Nhoroondo yeguta, rakanyorwa Homer, anoti kuparadzwa muguta anonzi Trojan bhiza - maturo chipo nevaGiriki. Maererano nengano, vaGiriki vakati kuti kana bhiza achava masvingo eguta, ipapo achakwanisa kuzvidzivirira kubva vachirwisa.

Vazhinji vanogara vari chibvumirano ne ichi, pasinei nokuti muprista Laocoön akakanda pfumo panguva bhiza, uye ipapo zvakava pachena kuti mhango. Asi zviri pachena kuti pfungwa yacho Trojans vakatambura, uye vakasarudza kuti chipo kuguta muvengi, nokuti izvo akabhadhara zvikuru. Zvisinei, iyi inongova fembera Homer, hazvingaiti kuti ichi chaizvoizvo kuitika.

multilayer Troy

On a ano mepu yeguta-mamiriro mukati nharaunda pechikomo Hissarlik kuTurkey. Panguva dzakawanda Kucherwa misha inoverengeka dzave zvakawanikwa munzvimbo, vakanga pano kare. Vanochera matongo vakawana zvakasiyana akaturikidzana pfumbamwe, izvo ndezvaJehovha makore akasiyana, asi kuwanda dzinokwana izvi nguva anonzi Troy.

Kubva pakutanga kugarwa makachengeteka vaiva shongwe maviri chete. Kudzidza rechipiri rukoko iri chete kuita Genrih Shliman, vachifunga kuti ndiye mumwe Troy, yaairarama dzaiimbwa naMambo Priam. Wandei kukura, maererano zvakawanwa yakasvika vagari rechitanhatu kugarwa mundima. Maererano migumisiro Zvakafukunurwa zvakanzi vakawana kuti panguva iyi akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze chinoshingaira kutengeserana nevaGiriki. Guta pacharo rakaparadzwa nokudengenyeka.

Modern vanochera matongo vanodavira kuti paiva akawana rechinomwe - ichi Homeric Ilium. Vezvenhau vanoti guta akaurayiwa moto anosarudza nemauto Greek. Worusere rukoko - the kugarwa pamusoro colonists Greek vaigara pano kare pashure Troy rakaparadzwa. Ivo, pamusoro pazvo matongo, akavaka temberi Athena pano. Wokupedzisira akaturikidzana, rechipfumbamwe ndohwaJehovha yaitonga hweRoma.

Modern Troy ndiyo ndima yakakura, iro Zvakafukunurwa yaitwa kusvikira nhasi. Chinangwa chavo - kuwana chero uchapupu kare, inorondedzerwa huru Homeric yakakura. ngano zhinji uye ngano kwemazana emakore anoverengeka kukurudzira vasayendisiti, vanochera matongo uye adventurers zvarisingazivi kuti wako - kunyange chiduku - mupiro kuwanikwa zvakavanzika guta rino guru, kamwe mumwe huru yezvitoro tsinga zvenyika yekare.

Panzvimbo Troy yakanga zvinhu zvakawanda, vakanga zvikuru kuti sayenzi yemazuva ano. Asi hapana zvishoma nezvirahwe kupiwa Zvakafukunurwa kunze akawandisa vematongo ounyanzvi. Panguva ino zuva, tinogona chete kumirira kusvikira itsva, uchapupu hwakasimba zviitiko vachawanikwa inorondedzerwa "Odyssey" uye "rinonzi Iliad". Panguva ino, tichava chete raizoshanda pamusoro zviitiko vechokwadi kwakaitika guru guta rekare Troy.