Writer, dissident political Soviet musungwa Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich: Biography, inobudisa zvinhu uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich - mumwe zhinji vasungwa enyika yaitonga Soviet Union, uyo akafa apo kushumira nguva. Uyu murume akaita zvakawanda kubvisa nyika yokutambudzwa enyika. Nokuti iye akabhadhara rusununguko wokutanga, uye ipapo upenyu Anatoliy Tihonovich Marchenko. Biography, mibayiro uye mafaro chokwadi pamusoro munyori - izvi zvose ichakurukurwa zvakadzama munyaya.

mhedziso wokutanga uye kupukunyutsa

Anatoly akaberekwa kuSiberia muna 1938. baba vake aiva njanji mushandi. Munyori ramangwana kusekondari rechi8, pashure raakashandisa mumafuta indasitiri, migodhi uye ubanguranyika nzendo. Mukutanga 1958, mushure mukanyiwa vechikwata ichi vakaita mhirizhonga yakaitika vashandi 'hostel, akasungwa. Marchenko Anatoly pachake haana kubatanidzwa muhondo, asi akatongerwa makore maviri mujeri. Kwapera gore, Anatoliy Tihonovich wakatiza mujeri. Nokukurumidza pashure yokutiza kwake vakapinda nyuchi rakasvika mashoko ake pokusunungurwa, uyewo kubviswa tsotsi chinyorwa. Chisarudzo chakaitwa Presidium Supreme Soviet of USSR. Munguva kubva 1959 kusvika 1960, Anatoly Marchenko vachidzungaira pasina mapepa munyika, kugutsikana shamisa mabasa.

Kuedza kusiya USSR, kusungwa itsva

Marchenko akaedza kutiza Soviet Union mumatsutso 1960, zvisinei, akanga muusungwa pamuganhu. Dare vatongerwa naye 6 years mujeri nokuda hurumende. Zvino March 3, 1961. Marchenko aishumira mitsara iri enyika mumisasa Mordovia uye Vladimir mujeri. Pakupedzisira, iye akarwara, akarasikirwa ake kunzwa.

Kujairirana Daniel Yu nemamwe

Anatoliy Tihonovich akasunungurwa muna November 1966. Akasunungurwa kare kudzikamiswa pakurwisana nokuda kodzero dzavo, wepachokwadi anokumhan'arira pamusoro kuitika hurumende uye dzematongerwe, vachimushumira. Anatoly Marchenko ndokugara, muna Vladimir nharaunda (Alexandrov) aishanda ari loader. Paaiva mumusasa, akasangana Yuliem Danielem. Munyori uyu akatanga kuti vamiririri dissident vakadzidza muMoscow.

New shamwari, pakati pavo pakange Larisa Bogoraz, mudzimai wake weramangwana, Anatoly Tikhonovich vakabatsira kuita zvaanoda zviri - kusika bhuku Soviet mumajeri enyika uye mumisasa kuma1960. "My Testimony," zvakapedzwa mumatsutso 1967. Vava mukurumbira kwazvo samizdat, uye pashure penguva yakati dzakabudiswa kwose. basa iri rakashandurirwa mumitauro mitauro yokuEurope.

"My Testimony," uye mutengo wavo

Detailed netsamba uchapupu enyika mumusasa putswa neunyengedzi, izvo akaparadzirwa muna USSR uye kuMadokero. Zvechokwadi, vakawanda panguva vaidavira kuti kushatirwa, akazaruka mhirizhonga uye enyika udzvanyiriri pamusoro Kupikisa kare afa Stalin. Marchenko akanga akagadzirira kusunga kuti bhuku rino. Zvisinei, KGB haana kuda kubereka nayo, munyori akaronga dzinga kunze. Kunyange akagadzira chirevo pamusoro nezvaaishayiwa Marchenko Soviet citizenship. Asi ichi chirongwa vamwe chikonzero haana akaziva.

Journalistic mabasa, mazuva matsva

Anatoliy Tihonovich muna 1968, pakutanga vakaedza rwake somunhu publicist. The chadzainyanya anoverengeka magwaro ake Genre kuti "tsamba yakavhurika" vakanga kwoutsinye vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika. Zvegore, musi waJuly 22, akanyora tsamba yakazaruka kuti nhamba mapepanhau vavatorwa Soviet. Yaiti mungozi kudzvinyirira of Prague Spring nemauto nzira. Mazuva mashoma gare gare Marchenko akasungwa muMoscow. Achipomerwa, ari kutyora pasipoti utongi. Chokwadi kuti aimbova vasungwa havabvumirwi kugara guru mumakore iwayo. August 21, 1968 Marchenko akatongerwa gore rimwe mujeri. Akashumira mitsetse yacho Perm munharaunda (Nyrobsky mujeri musasa).

Pausiku kwayo kwebhuku nyaya itsva yakatangwa pamusoro Anatoly Tikhonovich. Akanga mhosva defamation Soviet maitiro "fabrications enhema" vasungwa. Muna August 1969 Marchenko akatongerwa makore maviri mumisasa.

Pashure rusununguko, muna 1971, Anatoliy Tihonovich vakagara Kaluga Region (Tarusa), pamwe chete L. Bogoras, iyo panguva akanga ava mudzimai wake. Marchenko aiva pasi administrative achitarisirwa.

Wokutanga nzara sitiraiki Marchenko

Muna 1973, hurumende aida kutumira Anatoly kunze zvakare. Akamanikidzwa kunyora mashoko pamusoro kuenda kumwe, kutyisidzira nguva kana kukundikana. kutyisidzira Izvi akaurayiwa muna February 1975. Marchenko Anatoly akatongerwa makore mana vakatapwa kutyora mitemo administrative achitarisirwa. Achangobva richisvika chisarudzo ichi, Anatoliy Tihonovich nzara wavanozvisunga uye yaiitika kwemwedzi miviri. Akabva vakatapwa muna Irkutsk munharaunda (Chuna musha).

Topics venhau, MHG

Marchenko, kunyange apo nhapwa, akaramba journalistic uye mabhuku mabasa. Akatsanangura nhoroondo yacho itsva akasvinudzwa pamusoro pake, uyewo pamahombekombe ipapo takapfugama tikanyengetera noutsinye nzira yake rinonzi "Kubva Tarusa kuna Chuny", yakabudiswa New York muna 1976.

Chimwe inotaurwa yataurwazve akasika Marchenko venhau ngozi kuti "Munich" mutemo chokuyananisira pakati Soviet Union kuti Western democracies. Izvi huri nyaya, Anatoly Tikhonovich "Tertium datur - wechitatu wakapiwa", akasikwa 1976 pamwe L. Bogoras. The Vanyori kushora mirayiridzo iri yokutanga yezana 70s kukudziridza ukama dzakawanda. Vanopikisa kwete zvokuti pfungwa detente sezvo vakadaro, asi pamusoro West anonzwisisa Soviet pfungwa iyi.

Muna May 1976, Marchenko waibatanidzwa Moscow Helsinki Group (Moscow Helsinki Group), asi havana basa chikamu basa rayo, muchidimbu nekuti akanga ari muutapwa, muchidimbu nokuda Kusawirirana inobva Final Act kushandisa panguva Helsinki pamusangano.

Kutanga idzva rinonzi

Anatoly Marchenko yakabudiswa muna 1978 (apo pamahombekombe ipapo takapfugama tikanyengetera uye nekuvharirwa pasi mutemo Soviet rwuripowo izwi sezvo rimwe zuva matatu). Marchenko vakagara Vladimir nharaunda (Karabanovo), akashanda ari stoker bhaira. The muunganidzwa risingakanganwiki pamusoro samizdat "Memory" (Second edition 1978) paiva Kusarudzwa nezvinhu zvakatsaurirwa kuna regumi gore kusunungurwa "uchapupu hwangu." Uyezve, chitsauko 2nd idzva rinonzi Marchenko akaiswa mariri, "Live yose." basa iri rinorondedzera nhoroondo kwezvisikwa "uchapupu hwangu."

"Rarama kufanana vose" uye enyika-journalistic nyaya

Pakutanga 1981 Marchenko Anatoly akaramba kushanda mubhuku, "Live yose." Aifanira kugadzirira bhuku kwayo, kufukidza nguva kubva 1966 kusvika 1969. Panguva iyoyowo Anatoliy Tihonovich akasika wandei zvakagadzirwa enyika uye journalistic kukoshesa. Mumwe wavo rakazvipira ngozi Soviet muchiuto Kupindira munyaya kwePoland pashure pokuchinja ari "kubatana".

Last nokusungwa Marchenko

Nokuti rechitanhatu nguva Marchenko Anatoly akasungwa March 17, 1981. kusungwa ichi chaiva rokupedzisira kwaari. nguva ino, hurumende haina kuda zvokuzvigadzirira simbi dzomuchina munhu "isiri yezvematongerwe enyika" kupomera. Anatoliy Tihonovich akapomerwa kutambudza uye mashoko pamusoro Soviet Union. Pakarepo shure kusungwa, Marchenko akati anotenda KGB uye CPSU masangano mhosva uye haangazvidembi kubatanidzwa kuferefeta. Muna September mangwanani 1981 ari Vladimir Regional Court vakatongerwa naye kwemakore 10 mumisasa, uyewo haizopereri bhuku nguva 5 years.

Andrei Sakharov, mune nyaya yake vanoda "Save Anatoly Marchenko," akadana mutongo "nemaune mhirizhonga" nokuti bhuku pamusoro Gulag (Marchenko akaudza nezvake pakati wokutanga) uye 'undisguised kutsiva "nokuda kuvimbika kwake, kushinga uye rusununguko hunhu uye pfungwa.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Writer Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich kushumira mitsara iri enyika mapoka Perm. The Kutarisirwa kunoramba pasi pake kuti kushungurudzwa. Marchenko akanga kunyimwa matsamba kushanya nokuti kuchangotanga mhosva akazviisa chirango muchitokisi. Zvakaoma chaizvo kuti kuuya kwapera makore munyori uyu Anatoly Marchenko. munyori bhuku Chokwadi, Zvakarambidzwa. Muna December 1984, kuchengeteka vakuru noutsinye vakarova Anatoly Tikhonovich. Muna October 1985, nokuti "enderana kutyorwa kuri" Marchenko hwakatamisirwa zvikuru inoomesera ezvinhu Chistopol mujeri. Pano akamirira voga kutopedza. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, nzara yakaramba chete wokuti kurwisa. Wekupedzisira kwavari, wakarebesa (mazuva 117 nguva), Marchenko akatanga August 4, 1986. Anatoly Tikhonovich aifanira kupedza kushungurudzwa enyika vasungwa muSoviet Union, vasunungurwe. Marchenko akamisa nzara wavanozvisunga November 28, 1986. A Mazuva mashoma pashure paizvozvo, pakarepo arwara. Akatumwa December 8 ari munharaunda Anatoly Marchenko chipatara. Biography ake chinoguma pazuva iroro, ava manheru. Panguva iyoyo munyori akafa. Maererano pamutemo shanduro, rufu kwakaitika somugumisiro cardio-pulmonary insufficiency.

Kuhwina AT Marchenko

Marchenko akahwina, asi akanga asingagoni kuwana kubva nezvazvo. political musasa pfupi pashure porufu rwake zvabviswa. Zvakanga chete chisingadzivisiki chinhu, asi nokukurumidza, Dhanieri akati. December 11, 1986 Anatoliy Tihonovich akavigwa kumakuva muna Chistopol. Pashure 5 Mazuva (pashure A. Sakharov, vakatapwa academician, Mikhail Gorbachev akadana) akatanga nguva itsva munyika yedu munhau. Zvinosuruvarisa, upenyu haana kumirira Anatoly Marchenko mibayiro. Muna 1988, akanga paakanga afa paakavapa Mubayiro. Sakharov.

Mabasa ake yakatanga kubudiswa kubva muna 1989 munyika yake. Anatoly Marchenko, uyo akaverenga bhuku, uye kusvikira nhasi upenyu hwangu hwose kurwisa kusaruramisira. Zviri mutero munhu uyu kwazvo.