Yehondo Gangut: tsananguro, nhoroondo, vatungamiri uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Yehondo "Hanko" pamwe 3 zvikepe dzino akaisa pamusoro 16.06.1909 Admiralty Shipyard. Izvi kwaiva kutanga kumutsidzirwa yeRussian rengarava. The kanda yakaitwa 24.09.1911, apedza rwakatora 2 years. Muna 1913, iye akapfuura muedzo, kugamuchirwa, uye muna December 1914 akabatana 1st Brigade kuti battleships pakati kuBaltic Fleet.

MARARAMIRO kuvakwa ngarava itsva

The prerequisites nokuda kweDzimba battleships mana Sea reBaltic, kusanganisira yehondo "Hanko," waiva kukundwa rakakwana wokuRussia Empire ari Russian-Japanese Hondo 1905. Dambudziko Tsushima pamberi Nicholas II uye hurumende wokuRussia Empire, vaviri mabasa anokosha kuti zvaida kugadziriswa nokukurumidza:

• Full backwardness yeRussian rengarava tichienzanisa nedzimwe capitalist inoti.
• Mhedziso mismatch kudzora maitiro zvinodiwa uye zvinangwa kurovedzwa cadre kuti vaidiwa kugadzirisa matambudziko kuvaka uye paumbwe zvikepe.

Chokwadi kuti musoro wengarava ehondo Russian Empire havana ruzivo admirals avo vanoziva kudzvanya zvinodiwa zvikepe haisi rwakaipa, kwete ruzivo Nyanzvi dzezvehondo uye tacticians, uye Admiral-General, uyo mambo akagadzwa kuva nhengo dzemhuri youmambo. Assistant mukuru maneja Admiral aiva dhipatimendi wengarava.

zvinokosha zvine All uye mirairo Navy akazvipa mambo, vainzwisisa zvishoma muchiuto, kunyanya mugungwa. The yakakura wehurumende akanga asina dzidziso nemauto, izvo haizaiva kukura chikepe-kuvaka zvirongwa zvekushandisa nokurondedzerwa nokuda kuvaka ngarava uye wengarava michina.

It akaburukira chokwadi kuti Russia haana kumatare kwete chete kuenda kugungwa - zvinenge hapana kudzivirira kumuganhu.

shipbuilding chirongwa

zvirongwa zviviri duku kunge yakatanga, maererano izvo pfupi ichavakirwa kuBaltic uye Black Sea Fleets motokari itsva. kwaiva kuvaka ngarava 4 kunodikanwa kuti Gungwa reBaltic, kusanganisira yehondo "Hanko", 3 Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye mai chikepe basa ravo.

Nokuti Sea Black rengarava aifanira kuvaka 14 vaparadzi uye zvitatu Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Turkey, achiona mamiriro acho ezvinhu ari kweGungwa Dema, anosarudza kukurumidza kutenga 3 Newest battleships muEngland uye Brazil. Naizvozvo, kuchinja zvinoitwa pakarepo uye akaronga kuvaka zvitatu zvakafanana mhando chikepe "Empress Maria", 9 vaparadzi uye "Bars" mhando 6 Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

By Hondo Yenyika I muna 1914, hapana mapurogiramu vasina mabasa, uyezve, kwete ngarava chete haina kwakatangwa.

Series zvikepe, kusanganisira yehondo "Hanko"

All mana dreadnoughts nokuda kuBaltic Fleet Series "Hanko" akanga avata pasi rimwe zuva, 6/16/1909, panguva Admiralty Shipyard. kuvaka wavo akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze achitungamirirwa ruzivo mainjiniya Russian. Huru bhizimisi vaiva emakambani Russian. Nadzo aiva Izhora, atirari - pamwe Obukhov, atirari shongwe - pamwe Putilovsky uye simbi mafekitari.

Muna September, vakatanga kufamba vari, asi chakagadziridzwa uye anopedza battleships kunonoka. Inokonzera: miriwo Russian vaifanira kuva zvigadzirwa zvitsva ravakanga kurarama vachinetseka; yemakambani vatorwa, izvo zvakagoverwa maodha midziyo zvikepe, nemaune kwakakanganiswa uye kunonoka vazvo. Mugumisiro tsitsi. Zvikepe Subquality vakapiwa basa muna December 1914, uye vakawanda hondo akamira migwagwa, pasina vachiridzira rimwechete vapfurwa.

Description ngarava

Projects battleships Chokwadi, zvave mberi kutanga muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, asi vakanga vasina nguva kana nzira kuti vazviise pfungwa. Haruna akaedzwa pamberi chokuendesa zvikepe, izvo raizoita kururamisa zvikanganiso. Vakato kuitwa vafambisi, kana hapana aigona kuva akarurama. Zvabuda vakanga kugumbura zvokuti vari pakarepo semhosva muchivande, uye nezvikepe hondo akamira migwagwa.

For dreadnoughts date akanga dzinoratidzwa nyore siluetti: yokumusoro uriri yakanga yakarurama mutsetse, mana shongwe yacho Civil Code dzaiva munzvimbo iyoyo yakati sandara, vaviri choppers uye pombi maviri. The muviri wose rakakamurwa gumi transverse nezvikamu risingapindi mvura bulkheads. Three warrior dheki. Tower chikuru bhatiri wakaiswa equidistantly hama kune mumwe.

Pakati muchikepe aiva bhaira uye injini installation. Residential kwakavakirwa Zvikwata dziri mune uta. Neshure - dzichengeterwe vakuru 'cabins, chega giya, simba, redhiyo mumba.

The chikuru zviri "Hanko" battleships vaiva murwiyo uye nekutumirwa kwemauto kuti atirari. Pano, kuti pamuShuramiti wakaita Obukhov chirimwa, kusika itsva pfuti 52 caliber uye zvinoitwa zvesimbi fekitari isingachinji trohorudiynaya shongwe installation. Gumi 305 mm nokukurumidza-pfuti, uye siyana vari pagungano chisina kutsetseka pakakwirira madhigirii 25 kupfuura 23 km.

Tower kugadzwa aiva uremu matani 773 uye vakanga vakapakata kufefetedza uye kudziyisa. Pasi Tower ndiyo kuchengetera zvombo. Two-pfuti plutongi yakaungana akaiti 120-millimeter pfuti yangu. Vachiridzira chikuru uye caliber zvangu hwaidzorwa kushandisa Heusler maitiro 2 uye Manyiminya rangefinders.

Zvakanakira nekuipira

The chikuru mukana yehondo "Hanko" akanga hapana mubvunzo kuti atirari, izvo muzvinhu zvakawanda kupfuura dzimwe analogues. Pano chisingarambiki munorumbidzirweiko Developers uye executors vaviri zvinomera Russian - Obukhov uye simbi.

Nokuti vamwe, izvozvo akasimbisa chokwadi nyore - nekusagona kuwiriranisa vasingawirirani, pasina vachibayira chinhu. Zviri pamusoro tichibatanidza zvombo simba, dzokurwa kwegore risingapindiki, mukuru kumhanya kumhanya, hombe cruising siyana. It zvose pamwe chete zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti nguva ino. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vabayire chinhu kuti pedyo achida mugumisiro. Izvi zvinoitwa tichiregeredza zvombo uye mararamiro taita. Zvakatoipa akararama vezvikepe chete Japanese.

Chimwe chinetso zvinokosha kwaratidza muzasizasi seakeeping. Zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kutora mungarava yakakwana mafuta nokuda aiparadza meltdown. Akazvisimbisira ichi Oceanic pavaimberereka 1929.

ruvengo

Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko yehondo "Hanko" vaiitawo mukurwa World War First. Muna November 1915 kuti sevatsvaki vemapuranga of 1st Brigade, pasi achinyepera yehondo "Petropavlovsk" uye "Hanko" munzvimbo yacho chitsuwa domsaga aifanira kukurira maminitsi anopfuura 550.

Muna 1918, kuchinja raitwa yehondo kubvira Helsingfors kuna Kronstadt. Pashure rokuvakazve muna 1925, iye kunzi "October Revolution". Anotora mugove Russo-Finnish War. Panguva Great Patriotic akadzivirira Leningrad. warship ichi, izvo, pasinei nokusakwana ayo, nemhaka Russian uye Soviet vezvikepe uye navatariri vaipfuura nzira mbiri.

Makore 47 ebasa, zvikepe kweRussia, uye ipapo - Soviet Union, akachinja chaizvo vatungamiri yehondo "Hanko". Kazhinji kacho, zviri akanaka navatariri, akarerwa ari tsika Russian rengarava. Nokuti basa, muna 1944, ari chigadzirwe paakavapa hurongwa Red Banner.

Yehondo "Hanko" (1890): nhoroondo yokusika

Yehondo "Hanko" - handiro chete chikepe vari Russian Navy pamwe chete zita. 4. Pane wakanzi chikepe kuti rinokudzwa zita yava tsika. Ngarava neimwe ine magumo ayo uye chinangwa, asi avo ukama pamwe vanowanzochema zita uye chavanopinda kune mbiri Russian Navy. Zita chikepe anopiwa mu kukudzwa Cape of Hanko, yaiva pedo Peninsula pakati Hanko, Finland, izvo zvaitwa mukukunda wokuRussia rengarava pamusoro Swedish yokutanga.

Armadillo "Hanko '(1890) yaiva mudziyo rechitatu pamwe chete zita. It yakavakwa sechikamu shipbuilding purogiramu-gore 20. Maererano nenyanzvi, mashoko chigadzirwe magadzirirwo akanga asina chaizvo kunaka, uye kunaka kuvakwa yaiva murombo, izvo zvakazoita pakupedzisira kuti kuparadzwa chikepe. Its chikuru drawback - mukuru zadzisa, izvo, zvisinei, waiva njodzi kwete chete kune Russian shipbuilding indasitiri. Iri ndiro dambudziko rakasangana uye dzimwe nyika.

Yehondo Russian Imperial Fleet "Hanko" rakaumbwa muSt Petersburg panguva Admiralty Shipyard muna 1888. Makore maviri gare gare akaita kuburuka wake nemvura. Kuvakwa muna 1894. Panguva basa akanga akabvuma zadzisa kuti matani 600, izvo zvakaita kuti kuwedzera deposits uye vasanyanye nokukurumidza.

Pokufa yehondo "Hanko"

With chikepe ichi chakaitika anenge usingaonekwi nyaya, izvo zvakaita kuti rufu rwake. In Mumatsutso 1896, ari chigadzirwe rammed pasi chikepe yakamira paruware kuti zvinenge zvakaita kuti rufu rwake. Akamuka kutama kwake Kronstadt, paakaradzikwa ari dhoku kuti kugadziridza, iyo akaenda pasi kutarisira kunozivikanwa Admiral Makarov SO In June 1897 akatora mugove tactical muviri, achidzoka kubva izvo anomhanya kupinda dzisina anyatsofukidzwa dombo.

maawa matanhatu vashandi heroically akarwa upenyu muchikepe. Asi zvose pasina. Ponesai chikepe kukwanisa nokuda zvaipesana tightness partitions kuti dzakabvumirwa panguva kuvakwa. Akaenda nechepasi uye achiri riri kudzika Vyborg Bay. Taita haana kuroorwa akafa. Captain Tichotsky KM pachedu I kwakaedza iripo pakona kunyura, uye chete pashure pokuva nechokwadi chokuti zvose anonunurwa, vakamusiya.

Publisher "Hanko". Monograph Series "Midel furemu"

Zvikepe, kufanana vanhu, nomugumo ravo. Mune dzimwe ndiwo upenyu refu rakazara okukunda uye nokubwinya. Second - vanoshanda nesimba, nehana basa ravo. Vamwewo - avo vane pfupi asi rakajeka upenyu. Nokuti vaya vanofarira munhoroondo zvikepe, zvikepe, avo zvakafanorongwa uye kunyanya kuzivisa "Hanko" kunobereka nhevedzano monographs chakanzi "Midel puranga", mumwe nyaya unotsaurirwa mumwe kana dzinotevedzana vanodhirowa ngarava chete chikumbiro nokuda simulation. Kusanganisira kusunungurwa wakagadzirirwa Kubudisa imba "Hanko" - "Midel puranga", "yehondo" Empress Maria "- vanodhirowa".

Battlecruiser "Hanko", kusiyana yehondo "Empress Maria" - ari murwi, okupedzisira dzenyika mbiri. upenyu hwake dzinonakidza, nezvevanhu vakauya nokukudzwa muchikepe, kubudiswa imba "Hanko" iri dzakatevedzana monographs "Midel puranga" riri kamuri yakatsaurirwa kuna yehondo "Hanko". Vanodhirowa kuchabatsira nyanzvi kuita muenzaniso uye verenga mashoko zvinofadza pamusoro mudziyo uye upenyu hwevanhu kuti uyo chikepe kwakanga kumba uye basa chechitima. Gadzira ngarava nemaoko avo - chii chingava kunakidza? The muenzaniso yehondo "Hanko" iri kutambudzwa 1: 350.

mhedziso

Nhoroondo Russian rengarava izere dzinonakidza chokwadi. Zvaizoratidza sokuti rufu yehondo "Hanko" - zvakanaka, kuti pangava dzinonakidza? Kwete gamba sezvo "Varyag" akaurayiwa vachirwa muvengi. Asi ichi handizvo. Zvinosuruvarisa chokwadi, uye, sokunge zvinganzwika Haruiti zvidzidzo izvi, akasimbisa zvinodiwa zvikepe unsinkable vakanga zvikaramba. The panyaya yokusarudza Admiral Makarov SO, risingapindi mvura bulkheads zvino kuedzwa nenzira itsva nzira, iyo kwakaponesa vezvikepe dzakawanda munguva abondera. A Feat mukuru 1 chinzvimbo Tichotsky KM uye chikwata chake, kuti maawa 6, kusanganisira usiku chekenduru, akaita zvose kuzoponesa chikepe, akafanirwa kunamata.