Zvidzidzo nezvimwe zvinhu zvepfuma: zvinorevei nazvo?

Upfumi chero nyika munyika imwe pfungwa mashandiro anoitwa kupfungwa pfuma. Ndezvipi zvachiri pachinhu kuRussia pamutemo zvakatipoteredza? Nei dzimwe nguva mumwe kana mumwe zvekuvaka anova nhaka ehurumende, uye mune ayo mamwe varidzi - vanhu uye masangano?

Chii Property?

Tisati tadzidza nyaya chii uye pfuma, zvemarudzi kunze hunhu chinhu kudzidza kwedu duku. Us vamwe inokosha yokungotaura kudzidziswa. Sarudza chii imari, chii chiri chaizvo.

Tinogona kutevera mumwe maviri nevakawanda kududzirwa pfungwa iri mubvunzo. Chokwadi chokuti pfuma - kutanga kuti anogona kuva zvose socio-zvoupfumi uye pamutemo hunhu. Muchiitiko chokutanga tiri kutaura pamusoro chokupika mashandiro aro, zvikurukuru bata maindasitiri pabonde. The pfuma wechipiri kunoshanda chinhu yevagari ukama mutemo. In upfumi chinoumba, izvozvo kunoratidzwa isiyo (semuna, ichi kana kuti chinhu - chaiye kana zvinhu zvakasikwa - hazvirevi hazvo kuti kuva munhu, sezvo zvaizova ruzha inoshamisa). Nemashoko zvemitemo, zvivako zvinosanganisira legislatively yakamisirwa vaiva munhu chinhu.

Ngatiedzei muchidimbu. Economic muridzi - ichi mamiriro, mamiriro chinhu kana ane chisingaoneki chinogona pachinhu pakuburitswa yatinofema. Tichishandisa kutaura, zvinogona nanoprotsessorov kusunungura rwokugadzira. Panguva kana hunosumwa paungano magetsi ari fekitari pemitsara, zvinova enzvimbo kugadzirwa kwacho. Legal muridzi - ichi ndiko chinzvimbo, asi pane imwe akakodzera muridzi. Kana isu kutaura nokubudiswa processor michina, izvi zvingave kwayo muvambi. Legal kunyorerana, neimwe nzira, kunze nemhaka imwe bvumidzwa.

Zvii munguva pfuma? Nyanzvi Russian kuziva kiyi zvinotevera:

- assignable;

- vechigaro;

- rasporyazhaemost;

- polzuemost.

Kureva pfuma inogona kupiwa munhu kuva munhu, uye muridzi anogona kurasa kwayo (chinja, shanduko, rendi, uye zvichingodaro. D.) Kana kushandisa pachake.

Property, vahwo uye zvinhu

Ngatifungei kudzidza kutanga, chii vatambi uye pfuma. Under zvokutanga Russian nyanzvi munharaunda unonyanyozivikanwa kunzwisiswa sevanhu kupinda pakati pavo pane imwe muchimiro pfuma ukama. Nyaya iri apa angava somunhu mugari kana boka revanhu, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko kuti nzanga yose zvayo, kana kuti mamiriro.

Zvino, pamusoro zvinhu. Sezvo nyore nzira yokutsanangura musimboti pfungwa iyi? Fungidzira kuti tiri bvunzo. Tine tikiti rine mubvunzo: ". Swedera mutsetse masangano uye pfuma" We Gadzirira mhinduro, nyore nzira kuti andobata pfungwa dzavo muchimiro chati. Sei? Unogona kuedza ichi.

Chokutanga, isu, tichishandisa muvanhu Russian magweta nzira inogona kuganhura zvinhu muzvikamu zvikuru zviviri, zvinoti, zvechokwadi uye dzisingaiti. Aimbova, akavapindurawo, vari rakakamurwa subspecies. zvinhu Real, maererano atakakunda sepokutangira kupatsanura, unogona kutora mbiri siyana - zvokurarama kugadzirwa, uyewo zvinhu kana mutengi zvigadzirwa. Chisingaoneki pfuma, uyewo, anopa chakarondedzera - Ngazvive ruzivo, unyanzvi, ruzivo, matarenda, etc ...

Uyewo, matambudziko, izvo zvinosanganisira chinhu chakadai pfuma, pfungwa "nyaya" uye "chinhu" kunoratidzwa kwete chete mumabhuku kwesayenzi, asi uyewo mitemo Russian. In chii chimiro? Ainyanya kushandiswa mashoko akadai sokuti "chinjwa" kana "usingazungunuke pfuma" uye "pfuma nevakangwara".

Pazvinhu izvi classifications maviri kutora sepokutangira kuteerera "muedzo"? Uye isu mukatora vaviri. Uye isu mberi kutsvakurudza kwedu.

uridzi fomu

Ndezvipi zvidzidzo uye pfuma, uyewo zviri zvayo zvazviri, isu zvino kuziva. Danho iri mberi zvinoumba pakudzidza. Kureva - uridzi. Mumazuva ano kupatsanura nzira dzavo mugove shoma. Kune chaiyo uye pane ruzhinji (paruzhinji, mamiriro - kazhinji kacho, zvakafanana).

Kana totaura chaiyo, kodzero pamberi basa rake, pfuma, inoraswa uye kushandiswa vane ukuwo, munhu wacho unhu, nomumwe vagari. Kana yechipiri, muridzi anoshanda nzanga yose zvayo kana kutaura sechivako zvayo political inotungamirwa State. Property Kazhinji dzinoratidzwa nhamba zvoupfumi zvatariswa. Nyanzvi ziva zvinotevera:

- voga (kurudyi dzokubvisa vamwe zvinobatsirei chete muridzi);

- kuzvionera (anenge kubatsira - chete muridzi);

- Basa (kana kusauka - achapindura chete muridzi).

Saka, zvose zvitatu zvinhu zvinoshanda kuti vagari, kana pfuma iri voga anazvo. To vanhu (uyewo nehurumende kana mamwe enyika uye okutarisira dzakabatana) - kana veruzhinji. Muitiro ichifamba chinhu, akakwanisa paruzhinji sangano yepachivande inonzi privatization. Kuzvishandura - nationalization.

Zvakadini nedzimwe nzira? Pakati pamusoro - weboka pfuma siyana, zvichienderana neuwandu varidzi. Vanogona hunomiririrwa chete isangano. Zvino pfuma - munhu. Kana maviri kana kupfuura - the rezvizhinji. In ichi kudzidza duku, saizvozvo tikaongorora muenzaniso varidzi pakubhadhara zvina zvinokosha - paruzhinji, voga, nomumwe uye seboka.

mamiriro uridzi

Tinotanga kukurukurirana kwataiita varidzi kuti hurumende. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvayo? Ndezvipi zvinhu uye ehurumende anazvo masangano? Chii ndiwo pfungwa dziri mune yokuRussia nevezvenhau nyanzvi?

Midziyo wehurumende pfuma (uye pasiri) zvakasikwa kunogona kuva chinhu - Real Estate, zvekufambisa, mashoko. Mupfungwa iyi, wechikoro differentiating zvinodiwa kwete. Zvisinei, nyaya weHurumende varidzi - Zvechokwadi, zvikuru kure kubva pachake chikamu nemasangano. It zviremera: wokuRussia shanduro yeUnited kana avo vari achiumbwa kumatunhu. In tsika, maduramazwi vanotongwa mumadhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana vanoita kakawanda.

Institute of paruzhinji muridzi angawanika imwe kana imwe nyika munyika nokuda specificity of political hurumende (umo nyaya anogona kuzivikanwa pachinhu pachake kana displacing izvozvo), kana kuti ive chinhu anoshanda pamusaka yoga pamutemo mabasa.

matunhu neminisiparati pfuma

Mubvunzo unokosha ndewokuti: hworudzii matunhu neminisiparati pfuma? Maererano Russian tsika wepamutemo, vakuru vomuungano mumaguta nemaruwa havasi vehurumende. basa ravo - ndiko kuzvitonga. Uye, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa, yakazvimirira zvakakwana, kutonga nezvinooneka mashoko ari akakodzera mutemo. Chii chingava zvinhu uye vanotongwa matunhu neminisiparati pfuma? Pane pakawanda maonero panyaya iyi iri Russian nyanzvi munharaunda.

Pane pfungwa kuti zvinokosha kushanda pamwe chete pfungwa "voruzhinji pfuma", kureva yaro inokosha kuzvionera kubva hurumende. Vanotsigira maonero ichi zvinosimbisa Article 130 reMitemo, iro rinotaura kuti matunhu neminisiparati pfuma - a zvachose muchikwata. Nhengo dzayo ringabatanidza pfuma raiva maguta, mumisha, kumatunhu. Panguva zvinhu uye municipally anazvo masangano kunorondedzerwa mutemo Russian, maererano magweta, chaizvoizvo zvakakwana. Chii chinogona munzanga? The mazita vanovengwa matunhu neminisiparati pfuma ndeyevanyori vari zvikurukuru kukosha kuti zvokudya imwe taundi, musha kana dunhu. Zvingavawo zvivako netsika, magariro kukosha, uye nemasangano edzidzo. Uyewo, hurumende pfuma, sezvataurwa ne magweta Russian, unogona pfungwa kuva zvemasanga. Kunyange muchimiro pfuma, iyo turnover uko shoma nemutemo.

Panewo imwe pfungwa kuti mamiriro matunhu neminisiparati pfuma - munhu Subcategories vaviri capacious izwi. Pane zvakawanda vakawanda pfungwa. Uye ndiye "evanhu" pfuma zhinji. Iyo inongova akaratidza zviviri zvakasiyana siyana - National kana vemunyika. Panyaya iyi, kuti hurumende pfuma kunogona kuva chinhu, zvichida, anotaura chete pamusoro Kunyanya Pfungwa iri mitemo Russian, nyanzvi dzinoti. Mune dzimwe nyika vanotongwa masimba varidzi pachiyero National eHurumende uye makanzuru kunogona akanyatsofanana.

pachake

Ndezvipi zvidzidzo uye zvinhu chaiyo? Kazhinji, zvose zvinoenderana nyika-zvakananga mutemo. MuRussia, kurambidzwa iri zvoushumiri tsanangudzo private pfuma masangano haana - inogona chero vagari, vaigara uye vasiri vagari, uyewo vaya vasina yakarongwa mugari rusarura chero State, asi anogara munharaunda Russian Federation, muviri vanhu, pamutemo masangano. Midziyo private pfuma kunogona nemiviri kana ungwaru hunhu pfuma - kunze turnover iyo hakubvumidzwi kana substantially nemutemo - somuenzaniso, zvombo.

Principles nokuti Distribution wehurumende, matunhu neminisiparati uye chaiyo

The National pamutemo netsika dzakasiyana-siyana munyika dzimwe nyaya uye pfuma kuti mukuru zvakadini dzinoratidza rupi, uye vamwe - voga. Ndezvipi mapatani anowanzoramba muRussia? Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, mamiriro-aiva masangano ari Russian Federation uye dzimwe nyika, pfungwa, zvakafanana - hurumende masangano, masangano. Zvisinei, kungava zvakasiyana chaizvo zvoupenyu kugona kwavo. MuRussia, Somuenzaniso, chinhu chinokosha Kutaura avo kana zvimwe zvinhu kuti hurumende iri kuonekwa bhizimisi-zvakananga. Strategic sectors hwenyika - simba, mugwagwa kwezvivako, kutaura (kunyanya Satellite) muna Russian Federation hurumende. Uyewo zvakanaka kuti kukwanisa zviremera zvinosanganisira dzakadaro sedzidzo, mushonga, anenge chose - hondo, runonyanya - kuchengeteka mauto.

Chimwe chikonzero zvinoratidza inokosha kukosha avo kana zvimwe zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, nyaya rworudyi varidzi venyika munyika kunze maguta kuRussia, zvicherwa - ndiko, as a mutemo, paruzhinji masangano. Kana tiri kutaura pamusoro nzvimbo mukati nemisha, izvo zvisina vega anazvo, avo varidzi kuoneka, somunhu ushe, matunhu neminisiparati eHurumende.

Kumwewo munyika pfungwa yacho uye chinhu wehurumende varidzi ikarapwa zvishoma zvakasiyana. In States dzakawanda dzakadaro sezvo dzidzo, utano, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange hondo - private. Pane shanduro iri mberi rokuvaka wamambo Russian musika womuenzaniso kunge chinozoiswa zvimwe zvinhu dzakawanda mitemo mumaindasitiri siyana. Muenzaniso kwazvino Kusiyanisa pakati mhando pfuma, predetermining pfungwa yacho uye chinhu muridzi, zvichienderana norudzi zvaunokoshesa, sezvo dzimwe nyanzvi, kunoratidza zviri muSoviet akaronga upfumi. Zvisinei, vamwe vaongorori vanoti, nokuda guru kukura nyika, uyewo nyika uye tsika specificity yacho womuenzaniso nani kwatiri, umo huru muridzi Strategic Zvinhu ichiri mamiriro. Uyezve, pamwe chinokosha kuchinja kubva competencies kuna senyika - kumatunhu pazano iri anopiwa kunyange inokosha, asi richiri vanotsigira basa.

rezvedzidzo pfuma

Pashure pokudzidza, zvino chii chingava ehurumende anazvo masangano, kana matunhu neminisiparati, tinogona mberi kusvika nokuongorora private shanduro Chiitiko tiri kudzidza. Pakuvamba takataura nezvekuti chinangwa muridzi kunogona zvinhu, uye chisingaoneki zvinhu. Kana yechipiri, zvinokonzerwa kumubvunzo rezvedzidzo pfuma. Zvino uye tichava kudzidza. Ndezvipi zvidzidzo uye zvinhu rezvedzidzo pfuma?

With Panyaya wokutanga zvingataurwa kuti hapana mitemo chaiyo havasi pano. rezvedzidzo pfuma vanotongwa, somumwe, zvinogona achimiririrwa sevanhu, uye ruzhinji (state matunhu neminisiparati) nemasangano. Zvisinei, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti muchikwata chaiyo, akadana dzimwe nguva "ungraded" njere pfuma. Ndechipi chikonzero? Chokwadi kuti kuremekedzwa vake nyaya uye zvinhu rezvedzidzo pfuma takatsunga tanetseka chaizvo nokuda unformed nhaka yacho. Zvingava Somuenzaniso, ongororo uye kubudirira mune experimental danho. Ongorora imwe bvumidzwa kwavari kwakaoma, sezvo handiyo pfungwa haisati dzatangwa. Saka, hazvina kubvisa ndezvipi njere pfuma zvidzidzo - hazvina kunorondedzerwa. Chii - murabhoritari, masayendisiti kana Somuenzaniso, rimwe guta apo basa riri kuitwa? Kuona izvi zvichava zvinogoneka chete pamusoro okutambirwa Finished chigadzirwa.

Chii chingava chinhu rezvedzidzo pfuma kodzero? Zvokusarudza pano vazhinji. Zvingava mabhuku, ekombiyuta, ruzivo. Kazhinji, zvose kuti anova chibereko rezvedzidzo basa. Mumwe zvichibvira dzekuziva kuti kuzivikanwa imwe zvekuvaka pfuma - kusiyana, izvo zvingazivikanwa pakutsvaga dzakasiyana-siyana zviratidzo. Somuenzaniso, IT-mapoka maviri kurege kuitika kuti kushandisa vaviri, "peeping", kuumba akafanana-achitarisa zvachose-software chigadzirwa nokuda chete zvinangwa, makombiyuta, uchishandisa hurongwa. Somuenzaniso - gore pachikuva sezvo nzvimbo. Zvisinei, bumbiro rawo richava akasiyana mumanyoro akanyorwa mumitauro yakasiyana-siyana.

Uyewo, mamwe emashoko hunhu zvinhu zvinogona zvakangofanana pachiso uye chinangwa. Vanogona kuva pasi voga kana seboka muridzi, asi hairevi Mapato ose rezvedzidzo pfuma. Zvisinei, kana mabikirwo kugadzirwa neimwe iri zvakakwana akasiyana, zviri imwe nyaya zvachose. Uyewo, izere ichava nyaya rezvedzidzo pfuma. Zvarinoroora of chigadzirwa achadzivirirwa ne rimwe mhando mitemo pamusoro nhaka zvigadzirwa - mumwe.

seboka uridzi

Pashure kuudzidza, chii chingava nyaya uye zvinhu rezvedzidzo kodzero, ngatikurukurei zvinhu zviri zvakakwana slozhnosostavnyh. Uye, naizvozvo, kunyanya anobatsira pakudzidza. Tiri kutaura seboka uridzi. Munzira dzakawanda, zvinofadza nokuda guru-siyana chaizvo siyana. Funga zvinokosha.

Govera vanhu vake seboka pfuma. Chaizvoizvo Its kunorondedzerwa pedyo vagari uye, somunhu mutemo, akaenzana mune rusarura migove, uye kazhinji kacho anoita indivisible nhaka chero chinhu boka vagari. "Vanhu" boka, sezvo mutemo, mukutarisana vashandi 'collectives, zvinoumba vanotongwa ane kodzero varidzi panyika kana pfuma.

Iko kune chibatanidza-stock collectif property. Nyanzvi dzayo dzinodana chikamu chikamu chemari yezvemari. Iyo inoumbwa pamusoro pekugoverana kwemasangano uye sangano rekutengesa kwavo mukufarira vavambi. Kana kuti pamushambadzi wevanhu.

Izvo zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pano ndizvo zvinotakura kana chivako pane bhadharo (kana pane). Zvinyorwa uye zvinhu zvehudziro hwehuyo huchava zvivako zvehurumende uye mabhizimusi, pamwe chete.

Iparadzanisa hutungamiri hwemamwe masangano asiri ekusvika mune imwe nhengo yakasiyana. Kazhinji kacho, kuwana kwayo kunogoneka kuburikidza nemipiro yega yega kana kuti rubatsiro. Pasina mubvunzo, nzvimbo yehurumende uye yomuguta inofungidzirwa seye pamwe chete, chimiro chatakakurukura pamusoro apa.

Individual property

Kuti tinyatsodzidza zvidzidzo, zvinhu uye maitiro ehudziri, tinofanirawo kufunga nezvekuonekwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa zvezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvepfungwa. Ndezvipi zvingafanirwa kuonekwa pano munzvimbo yekutanga?

Zvinotevedzana zveimwe pfuma muRussia zvinogona kuva vagari veRussian Federation, pamwe chete nevanhu vasina nyika ipi zvayo, asi vanogara munharaunda yeRussian Federation, uyewo nenyaya dzedzimwe nyika. Nezvezvinhu-kugara nguva dzose zvakafanana nezvatakadana patinenge tichitaura nezvepfuma yega. Iko ndiko kuti, mararamiro avo ane zvishoma chete nemirau yemitemo. Kuva nechokuita hazvibviri kuti zvibvumirane zvakananga zviti zvepamutemo zve federal, regional or municipal level.

Zvinotevedzwa zveimwe pfuma muRussian Federation vanhu chaivo. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinosarudza nzvimbo yakasiyana yevatengesi vemunhu mumwe nomumwe, asi kana iwe ukatevera maitiro emitemo inobvumirana, IP inowanikwawo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuzadziswa kwekodzero yevanhu kuti vave nechimwe chinhu kune chinhu chinokosha. Unhu hwepfuma inofambidzana nehupfumi hwemunhu. Kana mugari ane zvigadziro zvezvinhu zvakasikwa, saka pfuma yake inogona kuva chiyero chemukati.

Imba yemasangano epamutemo uye vanhu vemazuva eRussia inodzivirirwa nemutemo. Kana zviitiko zvemakakatanwa edzimba kana kusabvumirana kwezvidzidzo zvekutora zvigadziriswa nemarongerwo emabasa edzimhosva akakodzera, chinetso chinetso ndechekugadziriswa mudare.