Antarctica: hunhu. Flora uye Fauna of Antarctica

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu enigmatic uye zvishoma-anozivikanwa makondinendi pamusoro redu. Antarctica akazarura vaviri nyanzvi aiongorora - M. Lazarev uye Bellingshausen. rwendo rwavo akasimbisa ariko Antarctica kumaodzanyemba pose. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1820.

Nhasi, kumaodzanyemba kondinendi dzenyika, sezvakunoitwa kare, akabata zvakavanzika zhinji. Nature of Antarctica rakanyatsojeka kwazvo uye hakuna zvakasiyana-siyana. Inosimbiswa kuti ichi ndicho chikuru kondinendi. Nyika hunopfuura wegungwa pa 2-4 zviuru (pakati yacho) makiromita.

Description of kondinendi

Mountains Transarctic kuyambuka Antarctica uye kuiganhura vachiita migove miviri - kumabvazuva nokumavirira. Zvinenge yacho yose yakafukidzwa chando. Chete kumadokero chikamu vangasvika zviuru makumi mana akaenzana makiromita nzvimbo inogarwa, ice-free. Vari iri Pacific Coast - bani duku uye vashoma gomo twi, rinonzi nunataks. Ivo tower pamusoro chando.

The chando kavha kondinendi - kupfuura simba munyika - mamiriyoni 30 cubic metres echando anoumba 90% verudzi panyika echando. Characteristically, chando pamusoro Antarctica ane hombe reserves mvura yakachena.

okunze

Antarctica yakasiyana hunhu coldest mwaka panyika. Muna 1983 akanga pamutemo Mhedziso zvishoma - kubvisa 89,2 inegumi. In yechando tembiricha iri kuchengetwa kumativi -60 kusvika -75 inegumi. Muzhizha unomutswa kusvika -50. Uye chete pamahombekombe okunze ari munyoro, avhareji tembiricha anoda kubva 0 kusvika -20 inegumi.

Precipitation zvinogoneka chete muchimiro chando, iro compressed pasi yayo uremu, zvichiumba akaturikidzana itsva chando.

Zvisinei muna Antarctica, pane nzizi uye madhamu. Vanoonekwa muzhizha, uye muchando kamwe zvakare yakafukidzwa chando. Nhasi, masayendisiti vakawana 140 subglacial madhamu. Izvi, mumwe chete asingadi -oma - East.

Nemiti Antarctica

yacho panozosvika murombo chaizvo. Natural zviri Antarctica nokuda kwayo hasha ekunze. algae Most chinokura pano - vanenge 700 marudzi. Vakasununguka kubva chando pamapani uye pemhenderekedzo yacho chakafukidzwa lichens uye mosses. Flowering zvirimwa munyika ino nehasha, vaviri chete - pearlwort reQuito uye Antarctic bvudzi uswa.

Pearlwort reQuito ndohwaJehovha mhuri Caryophyllaceae. Ichi pasi herbaceous chirimwa kuva pincushion chimiro ine maruva duku rakachenuruka yeyero uye chena. Kukwirira miti mukuru haapfuuri shanu 5 masendimita.

Antarctic bvudzi uswa ndohwavo bota. Chete inokura panyika, sunlit. Izvi pachena mumakwenzi vachikura 20 masendimita. The chirimwa inobvumira oma. Kunyange munguva maruva haina kukuvadza frosts.

Nemiti Antarctic, akapa miti shoma dzakashandisa chando nokusingaperi. masero dzavo dzine shoma kana pasina mvura, pezvakaitwa vose seiyi.

mhuka

Kunyanya hunhu Antarctica uye vakasiya mucherechedzo pamusoro Fauna of kondinendi. Mhuka vanogadzira nechando nyika chete pane zvinomera. Pasinei hasha okunze ari Antarctica makarekare inogarwa dinosaurs.

mhuka Antarctic inogona rakakamurwa mapoka maviri - hwemvura uye yenyika. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mhuka dziri kuramba kurarama panyika, muna Antarctica imomo.

Mvura yakapoteredza yacho, akapfuma zooplankton, inova chikafu chikuru nokuda zvisimbiso, hove huru, PENGUIN uye gungwa neshumba. Zviri musha chando hove - zvisikwa zvinoshamisa kunge dzakashandisa kurarama nechando nemvura.

Nokuti mhuka huru Antarctica vari zvitema hove huru, iyo chinokwezva vakawanda shrimp.

In Freshwater madhamu yekurara yebhuruu-uswa algae uye nematodes, copepods uye daphnia kuitika.

shiri

For PENGUIN, skuas uye Arctic Terns chizvarwa musha ndiye Antarctica. Nature haibvumiri kuti kondinendi kurarama mamwe shiri pano. mhando ina PENGUIN vanogara Antarctica. Most kwevanhu - Imperial. Apo neapo kumaodzanyemba kondinendi vanobhururuka petrels.

mhuka

Antarctica, hunhu chiri kukuomesera mhuka mhenyu, anogona chete vachizvikudza avo rudzi vanogona kurarama zvose panyika uye mumvura. Kutanga kwayo anodzivira. Mukuwedzera, pamahombekombe mhenyu ingwe zvisimbiso nzou seal. Dolphins vari jecha diki kana dema uye chena, izvo whalers inonzi mombe gungwa.

zvikara Antarctica

On ino anogara yakawanda zvikara zvakasiyana. Zvokudya zvavo rinoumbwa kunonyanya kubva plankton crustaceans. Izvi, zvinokosha kutaura zvomumvura mbada - chikuru chisimbiso, krill. Anorarama ari kudzika pakadzika. Zvisinei, rine kubwinya chikara rinokwanisa kuvhima uye mhuka huru. kunovhima kwakadaro zvisinei ndiyo chete pamwaka zvakasikwa uye zvichiitirwa Siyanisai zvokudya, chine Squid uye hove, asi hwaro krill. A vashoma zvomumvura zvikara izvi vakaramba pedyo rookeries pamusoro fur seal uye Penguinkuva dzaitongwa. Kazhinji, Hofori aya kukukurwa pamusoro chando floes pamwe Peninsula uye mavambo chando vaungane vakawanda panguva South Georgia.

Ingwe seal - vari hofori chaidzo. Vakanyorwa zviri pamutemo kureba - 3.8 metres, asi pakanga mhuka uye yakakura.

By kuwa mbada achinje mararamiro uye kuuya pedyo pamahombekombe hwaakange aburuke ruzivo muduku fur seal uye PENGUIN.

invertebrates

Kuti zvakazara zvinonyatsoenderana hunhu Antarctica, saka arthropod invertebrates. In Antarctica, musha 67 mhando Zvikwekwe uye zvina marudzi inda. Kune shiri neinda, inda uye, chokwadi, umhutu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti wingless mosquito-achirira pamwe ndege dema ruvara, akawana chete pamusoro kondinendi nechando. Zvipembenene izvi - endemic chokuita mhuka zvakazara pano.

Unorema invertebrates uye tumbuyu vakapinda kumaodzanyemba kondinendi shiri.

ushanyi

Pasinei hasha okunze ari Antarctica zvuru zvitanhatu zvevashanyi zvinouya gore negore. Vazhinji vavo kuenda Antarctic Peninsula, apo yendege uye nzvimbo pakati. Kuma1990, vashanyi vakatanga kushanyira uye kuGungwa Ross.