Artwork "Matryona" - nyaya uye musingaitirani nharo

Muna December 1961, A. I. Solzhenitsyn akatanga mukuru mupepeti magazini "World Itsva" Tvardovsky nyaya yechipiri (Zvokukurukura). Rainzi "Kwete zviripo musha pasina munhu akarurama," asi panenge pakarepo Yakazopiwa zita rokuti "Matryona". The dambudziko kwete chigadzirwa kugutsikana, asiwo zita rine "yechitendero rokuti". Nyaya yakanga chete papera gore - iri January nyaya 1963 inonyanya kuverenga USSR mabhuku magazini.

Zvarongwa nyaya

Nepo inonzi nyungudika. Kuti izvi zvidaro, vamwe chikonzero vaiva mamiriyoni achangopfuura vasungwa mumisasa Stalin uye nhapwa vakasiya nzvimbo rinorema chando kana mugwenga ekunze uye akapora chikamu European Union - kwete mumaguta makuru (vaisabvumirwa ipapo), uye mumisha uye maguta pakati bhendi. Pano, pakati zvinyoronyoro zenze Mashizha musango, pedyo yakanyarara inoyerera nzizi, dolgostradaltsam zvose zvaiita zvakanaka uye unodziya. Kunyange upenyu, kunyange munzvimbo idzi kwaisava nyore. Kuti tiwane basa rakanga risiri nyore, kunyange nyore pane ichangodarika, kana kunyange musungwa bhara vaimbova haana kuvimbwa. ezvinhu izvi hazvimbotinetsi maererano narrator, vachimiririra narrator. Ainzwa chimbi kudiwa husina zvinhu, kureva kuti kunoshanda mumaruwa chikoro masvomhu mudzidzisi, kuwana pokugara. Izvi zvakanga ake "chikuru basa uye nyaya dzakamutswa." In Matryona akamutungamirira zvakwo kuvazikamwi, mutengesi ari kuchiteshi nomukaka. Other nzira hadzina akaratidza kuva chigaro chinhu akanga chete tsaru mukadzi. Zita rake raiva Matryona. Uye akatora kuziva kwavo.

mudyandigere

Naizvozvo akapinda muna 1956, nyika yachinja chaizvo, asi papurazi upenyu akaramba murombo. Zvakawanda murimi mudiki upenyu post-Stalin yaitonga zvachero dzakavhenekera Aleksandr Isaevich munyaya "Matryona". Dambudziko rake muverengi muridzi ano zvingaita sezviduku, asi mukutanga Khrushchev makore iye akamira pamberi vemumusha zhinji rakakura nyika. Kolkhoz mudyandigere - urombo, vosmidesyatirublevaya (8 rubles itsva, post-kuchinja.) - uye kuti ukasavimba mukadzi nokutendeseka ottrudivsheysya upenyu. Iye akaenda zviitiko, kuunganidza vamwe mari rwokuramba murume wemufi, kana akasangana callousness chenguva benzi uye venga bureaucratic hanya, uye, pakupedzisira, akaita yake. Iye akaisa mudyandigere, uye kufungisisa mamwe kubhadhara kvartirovanie mudzidzisi (Ignatyitch, akamirira iyo nyaya anoudzwa), izvozvo anoenderera chokuzviona vokumaruwa mitemo, guru kukura - (. Pashure 1961 18 rubles) sezviri rubles zana namakumi masere - "kufa haisi zvakakodzera ".

Uye motokari peat ...

peat

Hongu, kwakadai huni rinowanzoshandiswa kudziyisa munzvimbo dzine marshy ekunze. Kunenge kuti kuva zvakakwana kuna vose, asi ari rokubvisa chokwadi pamusoro mashanu eSoviet akanzwa kuperevedza zvose zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vanhu. Izvi dzinongoita akachengetedzwa panguva yaitonga Soviet Union. The High Field chingwa haina kubikwa, chigadzirwa hazvitengeswi, zvose anazvo hakumbofi muhomwe kubva remunharaunda centre. Asi, kuwedzera kupa dzinodyiwa vakawanda, A. I. Solzhenitsyn rinotaura nezvomumwe inokosha youpenyu vokumaruwa mu "Matryona" nyaya. kudziyisa mupurazi rehurumende utungamiri nyaya Reusanganidzo zvizere kuvagari vomumusha, uye ivo vakasarudza izvozvo pachako, uye sei aigona: nokuba peat. Ignatich nokushayiwa mano vaidavira kuti mafuta rori - zviri chaizvo, kuti zvichaita zvakakwana yose chando, asi chaizvoizvo zvaida katatu sezvo zvikuru. Peat vakauya vose vakadzi musha - pamwe mukana kubatwa, yokuvanda chakabiwa kubva sachigaro kuti ushamwari mumba mako, Chokwadi, ndinovachengeta.

upenyu Personal

Matrona imba anazvo hwakakwana, kamwe zvikukutu, asi nguva nenguva uye kushaya maoko munhurume vaiuya chakasakara mamiriro. Nhoroondo yacho yakatanga kunyange pamberi chimurenga. The vatenzikadzi akanga akaroora, ndaigara pano kwenguva refu, vakabereka vana vatanhatu, hapana ani vakapona. Matrona muzukuru akarerwa ave mwanasikana wake, akamubata kubva mhuri yakakura munin'ina womurume wake. Pakanga backstory: ari mwenga, akanga ava kuda kuenda Tadhiyo, ake "divirya" aripo asi haana kushanda kunze. Iye akanyangarika munzvimbo German chisipo, uye iye haana kumirira, akaroora mukoma wake. Tadhiyo akazoratidza kumusoro, akatsamwa kwazvo, asi akaramba Matrona pamwe Efim.

kodzero zvazova chinokonzera kurwisana pakati hama kusarudza sei vachabatsirana Matryona. Matambudziko uye musingaitirani nharo anoshandiswa venhaka ramangwana, kwakaita kuzvipokanidza zhinji uye zvinoshamisa zvakatungamirira mukadzi afa.

Life uye kusurukirwa

The musha - nyika chaiyo, apo kodzero mitemo sanyorwa yavo. Matrona vakawanda vanofunga benzi. Hazvina imba nokugamuchira mune zvinenge zvose. Chairendwa zvinhu nematambudziko mubasa "Matryona" akaenzanisira kushaya yemombe uye nguruve, pasina izvo vomumusha haagoni anowanzoita kuita. Akatsoropodza naye nokuti, kunyange zvazvo zvingava sokuti, vamwe zvionerei sezvinoita repakati mukadzi wakasurukirwa mupenyu? Iye pachake rakanyatsojeka anonzwisisika anotsanangura chikonzero kuregeredza ichi. Mukaka anopa wake mbudzi nako dzichikunetsa kuti inosimbisa ndiyo zvishoma zvikuru (hazvisi vanonyemwerera tarisiro zvokudya mufudzi, uye utano murombo). Of zvipenyu zviri mbeva vake vachirarama, mapete chirema katsi hongu, izvo pane zvizhinji - ndicho rose "Matryona". dambudziko penga nokuda kokuchembera kusurukirwa akanga ari uye vachava.

kururama

Zvino zvakafanira kuti kuyeuka zita yepakutanga shanduro nyaya. Ko munhu akarurama, uye nei Orthodox maonero kushandiswawo kupfuura vanhuwo murimi mudiki kurarama muurombo, kusurukirwa uye zvishoma akasiyana siyana evanhukadzi akafanana naye zvose pamusoro Soviet Union? Chii chinoita kuti vakasiyana nevamwe? Hazvishamisi kuti Aleksandr Isaevich aida kumutumidza basa rake zvakanaka? Matambudziko ndeapi munyaya "Matryona" akasimudza?

Chokwadi chokuti Marya ane munhu chinhu chinokosha. Aisambonditenda anoramba kubatsira vamwe, pasina kuita kusiyanisa "zvakanaka" uye "akaipa." Akauya mudzimai predsedateleva, mukadzi wacho kunokosha, uye pamwe aplomb inodiwa (kwete akakumbira) kuenda kubasa, "kubatsira purazi." Haana kunyange kuvakwazisa chete notifies kuti entrenching maturusi zvaunofanira kuita. Murwere aiva mukadzi wechikuru uye anoda sokuti kurega, asi ipapo akashamiswa kuti nguva chii inouya. Kana vavakidzani, zvino, uye havafaniri kukumbira Matrona - nguva dzose vakagadzirira kusunga, kwete kunyange kufunga izvozvo, nokuti mugove webasa ayo uye kuramba chero zvinhu mubayiro, kunyange zvazvo zvingava chero nyaya hachingatongovakuvadzi. Ignatich ndambonzwa pamutongo yake mumwe chiito, muridzi wayo haana anoreva.

rufu Matrona

The chazezesa "dambudziko redzimba" chaizvoizvo zvakapambwa edu, kazhinji, vanhu vakanaka. Uye mabasa evanhu achatambudzwa kubva dambudziko iri. In nyaya "Matryona" Tadhiyo Solzhenitsyn akwegura akava mutauriri rine bishi makaro uye kunyanya kuchengetedza. Haangagoni kumirira kuti chikamu ikazopiwa nhaka, uye iko zvino. With kuvaka dondo nyaya: kuwedzera kune akwegura mukadzi haana kuda, anoda kutora oga uye kuenda kwaari. Pacharo, kuti chido hapana chakaipa kwete vakanyorwa, asi zvakakosha kuona pano kuti Tadhiyo aiziva kuti Matrona vaisagona kuramba. The nyaya dzakamutswa munyaya "Matryona" kuvapo munharaunda, zvisinei mari chechetere. Kuoma musoro uye akakurumidza, pakupedzisira, kutungamirira mutsaona. Payakabatanidzwa migweje sleigh pamwe zvokuvakisa kubviswa panguva njanji mazambuko, vatyairi chitima regai kuzviona, uye atarisana aine tarakita. Vanhu vari kufa, kusanganisira Matrona, uyo akatora nguva dzose kubatsira.

Mariro uye zvirangaridzo

Dzisinganyatsooneki zvepfungwa, ndyaringo uye kunyange kwetarisiro zvinosetsa aripo ari yokuoneka chiitiko pamwe huru hunhu nyaya "Matryona". Matambudziko uye musingaitirani nharo vari encrypted vari pamariro mariro, nokuchema, vatambi vakasiyana vari decoded nokuda kugadzirisa vavariro yavo yechokwadi. Muverengi haigoni kubatsira kuva nenyadzi kuti pamusoro nehasha akavezwa pabhokisi Matrona, vakadzi panguva upenyu hwakanaka uye asina mhosva, kutsvaira saka vepamusorosoro uye intriganskie ruzivo runoyerera. Ikoko, vari Zvisinei, uye vanhu vaida mufi, vanodanidzira pachokwadi. Tadhiyo Zvichakadaro akabatikana: iye kudiwa kuunza pfuma kusvikira aenda, uye iye "anopedza dambudziko", kuramba mumwe wake, iyo, sezvo zvinowanzoitwa, chakapedzwa mutambo anenge fara. izvi zvose pakutanga unoratidza tsika matambudziko.

Munyaya "Matryona", sezvo dzimwe mabasa A. I. Solzhenitsyna, munyori batanidza chinetso maturo, kuzvicheka-kushumira mafungiro kuupenyu uye kutenda chete kutanga wakanaka.