Atrium ndicho chinhu chinokosha chekuvakwa kweRoma kare

The atrium ndiyo chikamu chikuru chekugara kwevaRoma, chivanze chomukati nemamwe makamuri. The etymology yezwi inobva kuLatin atrium, zvinoreva "kusvuta", "dema". Mumatumba ekare muatrium paiva nenzvimbo inogara ichipisa, nekuda kwechidiki chiduku chechivanze, chaigona kunge chakaputa, saka zita racho rinogona kutevedzwa. Pakati peatrium raivawo gadziro rekudonha mvura yemvura.

Ichi chivakwa cheimba yekare yeRoma yakasimuka pasi pesimba reungano dzevanhu dzechiGiriki agora uye dzimba dzevanhu dzakaoma. Kufurirwa kwezvivako zveEtruscan kunonzwawo. Kwemazana emakumi emakore imba yeVaRoma yakanga isingafambi mberi. Kunyange munguva yekubudirira kweumambo, atrium yakaramba iri chinhu chinokosha mumba. Mhando yakadaro yekuvakwa kwekugara inonzi inrium-peristyle.

The atrium ndiyo inzvimbo yeimba yeRoma, nzvimbo yakazaruka yakagadzikana, iyo inopluvium. Denga reatrium, zvikamu zvina zvaro zvakadonha kusvika pakati, zvakasara nzvimbo yakazaruka mukati, kubva ipapo mvura inonaya yakayerera ichipinda mumugodhi wepluvium, yakarongeka pasi. Denga raiwanzovakirwa pamakoroni mana akamira pamakona emusana weimpluium.

Yaiva iyo atrium iyo yakapa ruzivo rwakasiyana rweimba yeRoma. Chirongwa chake kuna Mark Vitruvius, chivakwa chechiRoma, chingave chakasiyana nemhando mbiri: a caveium, kana atrium pasi pedenga rakazaruka, denga raipfuura nepakatenderera, uye neatrium ine girafu neinoenderera mberi.

Cavedium yakakamurwa kuva marudzi mashanu:

• Atrium tuscanicum ndiyo inonyanyozivikanwa, inonziwo Etruscan. Iyo inoratidzwa nedenga re concave nehomwe rekwanguru mukati, mapapiro ayo akadzika kusvika ku comlouvium. Denga raive rakatsigirwa nemiti miviri yakapfigwa, iri pamiganhu ye com-pluium.
• Atrium tetrastylum yakashandiswa pakugadzirirwa nzvimbo dzakawanda. Rudzi urwu rwakanga rwakasiyana nemadziro anorongeka kumadziro, ayo akaumba ruzhinji rwemakamuri akapoteredza chivanze. Denga reimba racho rakanga rakagadzirwa pamativi mana, rakagadzirirwa pamakona ematambudziko.
• Atrium corinthium yakafanana neyaiyo yapfuura, asi yakave nekakura yakawanda uye, zvakafanana, nhamba yakawanda yemakoroni. Rudzi rweCorinthia rwakanga rwuri ruvanze rwakazaruka nevharuti rinotsigira denga, iro rakashandurwa nekamuri mukati.
• Atrium displuviatum yaiva nedenga rine lumen pakati. Chiedza chacho chaiwanzochengetedzwa nedenga rakakosha kubva mumvura.
• Atrium testudinatum - iyo atrium yakanga yakadziviswa zvachose nezvivharo.

Inrium yakasununguka, yakaumbwa nenzira yekasilika, ine chivanze chakavharidzirwa, yakanga yakatarwa nemativi maviri emativi epurasitiki. Pamberi pechivanze pakanga pane tablium (imba yemapuranga) ine ruvara rwakasununguka. Tablium nemakamuri emukati yakanga yakabatanidzwa nehupamhi hwakawanda (fauces).

Pakutanga, ruvanze rwomukati rweatrium rwakaparadzaniswa kubva mumugwagwa nemusuo, uyo, sezvakanga uri tsika, yakazarurwa. Asi gare gare yakange yakavharwa nekuvharirwa. Kupinda, kazhinji kazhinji bicuspid, masuo akazarurirwa mukati. Pane zvakasiyana, kazhinji vaive nenzvimbo. Munharaunda iyi yeimba mhuri dzinoungana. Pano varanda vakanga vari varanda, avo vaigara vachiita basa.

Gare gare, iyo atrium isati yava chiso chaicho cheimba. Yakatanga kugoverwa muhurumende (tafura - cabinet, atrium, triclinium), mberi uye nzvimbo yega (cubics, peristyle - matumba). Masvingo epatio akanga akashongedzwa nemafrescoes, pasi rakanga rakarongedzwa nemifananidzo, uye nzvimbo yacho yakatsiviwa nedziva. Marble columns uye zvidhori zvakatanga kupfekedza iyo atrium. Imba yakava yakanyanya kukudzwa.

Kuda kwezvivako zvakakura, izvo vaRoma vaiwanzozviwana panguva yehutongi hweumambo, zvakaita kuti vafunge nezveatriums pane zvivako zvevanhu uye temberi.

Mukuvakwa kwemazuva ano, zvinoreva izwi rokuti "atrium" rakasiyana zvakasiyana. The atrium inzvimbo yakasununguka nekutenderera kwemukati mukati meimba iyi, pane dzakawanda pasi kumusoro. Paunenge uchivaka zvivako zvekuratidzira, mahotera, mabhizinesi, mahofisi emakambani makuru - ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvakajairika zvekuvakwa.