Balkan nyika dzavo nzira kuti rusununguko

The Balkan Nharaunda unowanzonzi "upfu keg" muEurope. Hachizi tsaona. Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri ikoko zvino uye ipapo chakapenya hondo uye anoitika hukuru zvose. Uye Hondo Yenyika Vokutanga akatanga pano, pashure Sarajevo vakaurayirwa chigaro mugari wenhaka rweAustro-Hungarian choushe. Mukutanga 90-ies muBalkan nyika dzakaona mumwe chakakomba kuvhunduka - the disintegration Yugoslavia. chiitiko ichi yekudyidzana reshape enyika mepu iri European Region.

Balkan nharaunda yayo jogirafi

Pane duku nharaunda 505 zviuru mativi makiromita dziri zvose Balkan nyika. The jogirafi Peninsula iri siyana chaizvo. mhenderekedzo yegungwa awo chaizvo dissected uye okumavirira mumakungwa matanhatu. Nharaunda muBalkans, kunyanya makomo uye doro dissected ne zvakadzama canyons. Zvisinei, yakakwirira Peninsula - Mount Musala - nedotyagivaet uye kusvika 3000 metres kureba.

Two zvimwe zvakasikwa zviri anowanzoramba kuti nharaunda iyi: ndiro guru nhamba zvitsuwa zviduku kure nemhenderekedzo (kunyanya Croatia), uyewo kwakapararira karst pezvakaitwa (izvo muSlovenia ndiye yakakurumbira Karst, waimira sezvo anyatsoronga mazita imwe boka landforms).

Peninsula, zita rinobva Turkish shoko Balkan, rinoreva "guru uye chisango muhomba." Hwokumusoro Muganhu muBalkans unowanzoonekwa kuitwa kuburikidza penzizi Danube uye Sava.

Balkan nyika: Pamazita

Nhasi pamusoro munharaunda muBalkans, pane gumi paruzhinji masangano (pakati pavo - 9 dzinozvitonga inoti uye mumwe - zvishoma zvinozivikanwa). Pasi pasi pavo, kusanganisira Balkan nyika guru:

1. Slovenia (guru - Ljubljana).
2. Greece (Athens).
3. Bulgaria (Sofia).
4. Romania (muBucharest).
5. Macedonia (Skopje).
6. Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo).
7. Serbia (Belgrade).
8. Montenegro (muPodgorica).
9. Croatia (Zagreb).
10. The Republic kuKosovo (zvishoma zvinozivikanwa mamiriro rayo guru mu Harare).

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mune dzimwe Regional classifications kune Balkan dziri dzakakora uye Moldova.

Balkan nyika munzira kuzvimirira budiriro

In yechipiri yezana XIX remakore, Balkan ndudzi dzose dzaiva pasi pejoko Turkey uye hweAustria-Hungary, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuti avo National netsika kukura. Mune 60-70s remakore rapfuura muBalkans kwakawedzera National Liberation zvinangwa. Balkan nyika, mumwe pashure pomumwe, kuedza kudzokera munzira kuzvimirira kukura.

Chokutanga izvi raiva Bulgaria. Muna 1876, mukumukira pano, izvo, zvisinei, akanga zvoutsinye nokuita vokuTurkey. Akatsamwiswa akadaro ropa nezviito, dzikavauraya vanenge zviuru 30 Orthodox vokuBulgaria, Russia akazivisa hondo vokuTurkey. Pakupedzisira, Turkey akamanikidzwa kubvuma rusununguko kuBulgaria.

Muna 1912, vachitevera muenzaniso vokuBulgaria yakawana rusununguko uye Albania. Panguva iyoyowo, Bulgaria, Serbia uye Greece pave vanonzi "Balkan Union" kuti pakupedzisira kusununguka Turkish joko. Nokukurumidza pashure vokuTurkey vakanga adzingwa Peninsula. Pasi pokutonga yavo yakanga chete chiduku munda kuguta Constantinople.

Zvisinei, pashure kukunda muvengi wavo zvakafanana, muBalkan nyika dziri kutanga kurwa pakati pavo. Saka, Bulgaria, achitsigirwa Austria-Hungary vakarwisa Serbia uye Greece. The yokupedzisira, akavapindurawo, akagovera rutsigiro remauto Romania.

Pakupedzisira, hombe "upfu keg" The muBalkans vakava June 28, 1914, apo wekuBosnia Sarajevo Principle akaurayiwa mugari wenhaka rweAustro-Hungarian choushe, Prince Ferdinand. Sezvo First World War, rakanga rakavhomorwa zvinenge zvose Europe, uye dzimwe nyika dziri Asia, Africa, uye kunyange Central America.

The disintegration Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia akasikwa muna 1918, pakarepo mushure liquidation of hweAustria-Hungary. Muitiro wayo disintegration, yakatanga muna 1991, yekudyidzana reshaped boka raivapo panguva iyoyo enyika map Europe.

First kubva Yugoslavia, somugumisiro vanonzi 10-zuva hondo, ndikasvika Slovenia. It zvakateverwa Croatia, asi kurwisana nemauto pakati vokuCroatia uye vokuSerbia kwakatora makore 4,5 uye kanenge 20,000 upenyu. Panguva iyoyo akaramba muBosnia War, zvakazoita kuzivikanwa idzva mamiriro Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Mumwe okupedzisira nzendo disintegration Yugoslavia rava referendamu musi Montenegro kuti rusununguko, kwakaitika muna 2006. Maererano zvabuda, 55,5% kubva Montenegrins rakavhotera secede kubva Serbia.

Shaky rusununguko kuKosovo

17 February 2008 Kosovo Republic unilaterally akazivisa kwayo rusununguko. dzakawanda paakasangana chiitiko ichi aiva zvakawanda. To musi, Kosovo sezvo yakazvimirira mamiriro, akaziva bedzi 108 nyika fung (kubva 193 nhengo UN). Pakati pavo - the United States uye Canada, Japan, Australia, ruzhinji pamusoro dzeEU, uyewo dzimwe nyika muAfrica uye Latin America.

Zvisinei, rusununguko reRepublic asati kuzivikanwa Russia uye China (izvo chikamu dzeUN Security Council), izvo haabvumiri Kosovo kuva zvizere nhengo huru Masangano zvenyika dzakawanda.

In mhedziso ...

Modern Balkan nyika makatanga rwavo rwendo kuenda kuzvimirira mukupera XIX remakore. Zvisinei, nokuumbwa kumiganhu muBalkans haisi yapera.

To musi, nyika gumi dzinounzwa mukati Balkan nharaunda. Uyu Slovenia, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, uye zvishoma vakaziva mamiriro kuKosovo.