Buffer zvingaitwa: kugadzirira uye kushandisa

Buffers - nayo mhinduro ine buffering hurongwa. Buffer hurongwa inonzi muvhenganiswa umo murwiyo chine chaiyo quantitative reshiyo simba acids vavo munyu vane simba nezvigadziko kana vasina nezvigadziko uye munyu zvavo simba acids. zvingaitwa kwakadaro vane yakatsiga Kuwanda H + ions panguva kwazvakarerekera pakubvisa solvent (mvura) uye achiwedzera kwavari mumwe mari simba acids kana zvigadziko.

Buffer zvinogadzirisa zviri mumvura munyanza, ivhu mhinduro uye zvipenyu. Izvi hurongwa anoshanda chidhiraivho mabasa kuti dzinotsigira kushingaira maitiro anosvikirwa ari kutaurwa ukoshi zvakakodzera kuti vabudirire panowanikwa metabolic siyana. Buffer mhinduro dzinoiswa kupinda acidic uye zvinokosha. Muenzaniso anogona kutanga kuva acetate buffer hurongwa, wechipiri - Ammonium. Kusiyanisa dzinongoitika uye chakagadzirwa buffers. A dzinongoitika buffer anogadzirisa ropa ine hydrocarbonate, phosphate, mapuroteni, Chizenga uye acidic buffer hurongwa. Chakagadzirwa buffer angava acetate buffer, rine CH3COOH.

Features yomunyika marongerwo uye mashandiro chiito pamusoro buffer hurongwa tikafunga muenzaniso acetate buffer hurongwa: acetate inouraya / yavaibvisa acetate. Munguva aqueous svikiro iri buffer gadziriro zvinoriumba vari pasi electrolytic dissociation. Yavaibvisa acetate sezvo munyu simba asidhi uye simba chawo dissociates kupinda ions zvachose. Kuvapo anions ari buffer musanganiswa kunoenderana wevasungwa munyu imomo uye ayo mwero dissociation. Kuwanda H + ions ari buffer kwava Proportional zvakananga wevasungwa pamusoro asidhi mairi uye inversely Proportional wayo zviri munyu pamusoro asidhi iyi.

Saka, wevasungwa pamusoro ions H + ari inokosha buffer ndiyo Proportional zvakananga wevasungwa munyu mairi uye inversely Proportional kuti wevasungwa ane nechimwe.

Murabhoritari tsika, shandisa buffer zvingaitwa ne anozivikanwa tsika ph. Saka, kugadzirwa buffer zvinogadzirisa rinoitwa nokushandisa mukugadzirisa ane simba asidhi uye ayo munyu ane simba chawo kana simba chawo uye munyu waro simba acid. Ipapo kusandura quantitative reshiyo pakati zvinoriumba, buffer zvinogadzirisa kugadzirwa pamwe setpoint ph. Vamwe vanonetseka kuti gadziriro mhinduro.

Somuenzaniso, zvakafanira kuti kugadzira acetate buffer panguva dzakawanda tsika ph. Pakutanga akagadzirira 5M mhinduro kubva acetate asidhi uye yavaibvisa acetate. Achigadzirira wokutanga mhinduro kutora 50 ml nerimwe zvinoriumba. Kutungamirirwa yemaitiro, wevasungwa kuti H + ions ari zvichiguma mhinduro.

Akatevera buffer mhinduro kutora 80 ml ari iine acid mhinduro uye 20 ml munyu agadzirwa kare. Kune akawanda Formulations zvakasiyana siyana buffer zvinogadzirisa inoshandiswa kuongorora makemikari uye mumarabhoritari tsika.

Nokuti randinenge buffers ehupfumi. Kune vaya kunonyanya anorondedzera buffering - kukwanisa kuchengeta nguva dzose pamusoro wevasungwa pakati H + ions kana yebhasera imwe yakawanda buffer mhinduro ane simba asidhi kana simba nechimwe. Somuenzaniso, kana munhu acetate buffer kuwedzera shoma iine acid chloride, ph kuchinja kuti iine acid divi hariwanikwi, sezvo iine acid chloride vachaita sei Exchange manyowa ane munyu ane simba acid. Zvaakazoita ane simba asidhi anokwanisa kufamba ari ph kune iine acid divi, uye chikatsiviwa kwazvakarerekera simba asidhi munyu. The mwero dissociation ane simba electrolyte mhinduro muwanze wevasungwa zvinoderedza kusvika zero, uye ph kusuduruka kunoitika.