"Changamire" Machiavelli: chidimbu chipfupi chebhuku sechiratidziro cheRenaissance

Chero zvavanotaura, basa raTenzi rinoparadzaniswa kubva pane zvakashata zvehupenyu hwake uye mweya wenguva yake yemazuva ano. Muenzaniso unoshamisa weiyu ndi "Changamire" Machiavelli. Chidimbu chechirongwa ichi chinonyatsorondedzera dutu, rima-rich-rich biography yekutanga yezvigadzirwa zvezvematongerwe enyika, uye panguva imwechete iyo nguva yakajeka uye ine ropa remakore ekutanga aakagara. Chinhu chimwe chete icho Niccolo Machiavelli akazvitsaurira basa rake kuna Lorenzo de 'Medici, uyo waakabatanidzwa naye muchigadziro, anotaura zvakawanda. Uye chokwadi chokuti mutongi weFlorrentine akadzidza zvakawanda zvinobatsira kubva muchirongwa ichi chinoratidzwa nechikonzero chokuti haana kumboregerera maitiro aMakavelli ndokumuswededza pedyo nedare rake.

Mwanakomana weMutongi, Niccolo pakutanga aitora nzvimbo yakakurumbira mu Florentine Republic. Pane mirayiridzo yevane simba rake, akaenda kudare reCesare Borgia. Aionekwa sechinhu chinonyangadza, kunyange nguva yake yeropa. Mwanakomana wepasipo wePapa Alexander VI, Cesare akazviratidza kuva wezvematongerwo enyika anobudirira, achitsigira uye ane utsinye. Achisiya kumutswa kwezvikomo zvezvitunha, akabudirira kugadzira simba rakasimba mu duchy Valentine-kwete kunze kwekutsigirwa neVatican. Zvisinei, mushure mekufa kwePapa, fuma yakabva kuna Cesare, ichimutongera kuti afe (1507). Machiavelli akanga ari muruvanze reDuke muna 1502-1504, akaenda naye mumakwikwi emasoja uye akangoita kuti vaFrrentine vashandise. Zvisinei, mushure mekufa, ndiCesare uyo akazova mufananidzo wemutongi chaiye, uyo maMakavellian anotaura kuti "Emperor" (1513) akanga akavakirwa.

Muzvinyorwa, musoro webhuku rinonzwika se "Il Principe", zvinoreva "mutungamiri". Zvisinei, zvaizova kuve nyore kuita basa reMafungiro weFlorrentine kungorambidzwa kune mutongi, kune uyo chigaro chepamusoro chakapfuura nehutano. Munhu ndiye mupfuri wechipfuva chake. Saka zvinoreva chirevo chenguva yacho, uye "Changamire" Machiavelli, chidimbu chaicho chinopiwa pano, chinongoratidza izvi. Muzvitsauko gumi nezvitatu zvekutanga, munyori anokurukura kuti ndeapi marudzi ehurumende (republics or tyrannies) kune. Anopawo mienzaniso mizhinji yekubata kwechigaro choumambo, achishandisa muenzaniso wezvakaitika kare.

"Hazvina kudikanwa kuvimba nenyasha dzekuguma," mwanakomana wemweya akanyora, "asi kuti aite zvose zvaanogona kubudirira." Pasi peshoko iri rekupedzisira ("rakanaka") Machiavelli anonzwisisa zvose ushingi uye kutsunga kweshumba, uye kuchenjerera, kurangisa uye kusarura kwehove. Musanganiswa wehutsika hwezvikara zviviri izvi zvinofanirawo kufarirwa naMambo Makambo. Nhepfenyuro yechipatano inotitaurira kuti mutongi, kuitira kuti arambe ari musimba, anofanira kuratidza utsinye uye nekugadzirisa kubata nevatongi vake vezvematongerwo enyika. Iye haafaniri kunge akafanirwa kuchengeta shoko rake, kana mamiriro ezvinhu achidikanwa. Uye nezvose, zviri nani kukurudzira nyaya nekutya, pane rudo.

Kubva muchitsauko 14, bhuku rokuti "Changamire" Machiavelli, ane zvinyorwa zvishoma zvakaoma kufungidzira, zvakanyatsotarisa unhu hwomutongi akakodzera. Munyori anoti, izvo vatongi vanopomerwa mhosva uye vanorumbidzwa, uye vanoshevedza vezvematongerwo enyika kuti vazvikombere nevakachenjera vakachenjera uye vakatendeka, kwete flatterers. Achiongorora hupenyu hwevanhu, anouya kumhedziso yokuti philistine yakawanda zvikuru muchechi yakabiwa kupfuura baba vakafa, uye vanodana kuti vatarise purogiramu yemabatanidzwa.

Muzvikoro zvemazuva ano zvezvematongerwe enyika matsva, guru rekutungamirira uye mabhuku, zvirokwazvo, kwete Machiavelli "Changamire". Zvinyorwa zvebasa rake zvakajeka uye zvinotenderera kune nyika yedu yeunyengeri. Zvisinei, zvinorehwa nebhuku rino hazviperi. Uye izvi zvinoratidzwa zvakajeka kwatiri isu vezvematongerwo enyika.