Nhoroondo yechinyorwa cheMayakovsky. Nhanho dzehupenyu nekugadzirwa

Upenyu hworondedzeri uyu hwakanga husina kukwana makore makumi matatu, asi hwakanga huine zvakawanda. Akanga ari mumwe wevatungamiri veus-garde art, paakaziviswa zvakasununguka mutsigiri akavimbika wemutsara mukuru wepamberi, ari kurwisa zvakasimba zvepfungwa. Nhetembo yake inobatanidza hutsvene hwekutsvaga chimiro chitsva uye mararamiro asingagumi muzvakagadzirwa, simba rine simba guru uye rinonzwisisika rinonyanya kufanana. Zvikamu zvehupenyu zvine Mayakovsky's chronological tafura zvinogona kuratidza kuumbwa kwehutano hwemunyori, asi kuongorora kukosha kwayo kunobvumira kungoziva zvakadzama nehupenyu hwake hwekusika.

1893-1906. Childhood

Akazvarwa musi wa7 Mbudzi, 1893 mumhuri yaVladimir Mayakovsky, uyo akamhanya muhofisi yemasango mumusha muduku weGeorgia weBagdadi pedyo neKutaisi, uye Alexandra Alekseevna Pavlenko, wekuKuban. Baba vababa vaiva mukuru weCossack, uyo akagamuchira vakuru.

Nyaya yezvinyorwa zveMayakovsky ine zvipupuriro zvakawanda pamusoro pezvakamboita zvevanyori vezveremangwana: akazvidzidza akazvidzidza kuverenga, anoratidza kufarira kukuru uye mafungiro kune mabhuku nekudhira, anoyeuka nhetembo dzakawanda, anotaura chiGeorgia zvakanaka.

1902 - inopinda kirasi yakakura yekugadzirira yeKutaisi gymnasium, ichiratidza kugadzirira kwakanyanya kunyanya muRussia nekudhonza.

1905 - achifarira zvikuru zviitiko zvekuchinja, kupinda muchikwata nekuratidzwa. Haafaniri kufarira kudzidza.

Gumiguru 19, 1906 kamwe-kamwe yakafa nehutachiona hweropa. Mayakovsky.

1906-1910. MuMoscow

Nyaya yezvinyorwa zveMayakovsky munguva yekutanga yeMoscow - kudzidza mune gymnasium, kufarira neMarxism, kujoina RSDLP (b), kusungwa:

1906, August, mhuri yeMayakovsky inosvika muMoscow, uko hanzvadzi yaVladimir mukuru Lyudmila ari kudzidza.

1906, Svondo inotanga kudzidza muna Fifth Classical Gymnasium. Anodzidza zvisina kufanira, anozivana nevadzidzi-vatori vechikamu chechirongwa chekuchinja. Anofarira kuverenga mabhuku efilosofi, kudzidza Marxism.

1908 - inosangana neRussian Social-Democratic Party yeBolsheviks, inogamuchira zita rezita rokuti "Comrade Constantine," uye inodonhedzera zvidzidzo zvake pajiminiyamu. Anopomerwa kugovera zviziviso uye kuiswa kune wokutanga kusungwa. Yakabudiswa nekushaiwa uchapupu.

1909 - Achida kuramba akapedza dzidzo yake, anopinda Chikoro cheStroganov, asi muna July akasungwazve pamusana pekunyunyuta kwekupukunyuka vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika. Mujeri reByyrrka anoverenga nhema, kusanganisira vanyori vanofananidzira. Anoedza kuzvinyora pachake.

1910 - Mhuri inotsvaka kusunungurwa kwaVladimir sediki. Ari kubatanidzwa mukugadzira kugadzirira kupinda muChikoro chePainting, Sculpture uye Architecture.

1911-1914. Mayakovsky-Futurist

Nyaya yezvakaitika panguva yenguva yeMayakovsky yekutanga kwebasa rokusika - kuzivana naD. Burliuk, maitiro ekutanga uye mabhuku, kubatanidzwa mukufambisa kwevazouya:

1911, September - Anouya ku MUZHVIZ. Anosangana nemunyori uye mudetembi David Burliuk nevamwe vanouya mberi.

1912 - inotanga Burliuk nemitembo yake, anoiongorora zvikuru. Inoita nekutanga kuverengwa kwevanhu nhetembo dzake mu futuristic cafe "Inyoka Imwe".

1912, December - inonyora nhetembo dziri munharaunda yacho "Slap mukutarisana nekunaka kwevanhu".

1913, March - the almanac "The Treasurer of the Three" inouya nemanyori nemifananidzo yeMayakovsky.

1913, May - shanduro ye lithographic ye "collection" inobuda

1913, December - inobatanidzwa muhurukuro dzakagadzirwa zve Futurists, mharidzo yokutanga yenjodzi "Vladimir Mayakovsky" yakaitika muSt. Petersburg.

1914, January-March - inobatanidzwa mune zvemitambo yenyika yose, kubva kuKazan kuenda kuTiflis. Kunze kwechikoro, chimwe chezvikonzero - ndeye Futurism.

1914, November - mushure mokutanga kwehondo, anogamuchira kuramba kuwana chidziro chekuvimbika, zvakakosha kuti apinde muzvipiri kupinda muuto.

1915-1919. Mayakovsky uye Revolution

Nyaya yezvinyorwa zveMayakovsky pre-revolutionary uye mushure meKubvumbi nguva - kuzivana naGorky, pamwe neBriks, kudana kuhondo, kubatanidzwa muzviitiko zvezvigadziriswa, "Windows ye GROWTH":

1915, February - kuzivana naAm. Kushungurudza.

1915, July - Kuziva naLilia Yurievna Brik nemurume wake.

1915, September - kubvumirwa kwebasa rechiuto. Achitenda kuedza kweGorky, akagadzwa kambani yekambani yeMasoja Automobile Company muPetrograd semunhu anonyora - basa rinotora chikamu chezuva.

1916 - mukati megore nhetembo "Flute-spine", "Hondo uye Rugare", "Murume", nhetembo dzakawanda dzinodhindwa.

1917, gore - inobatanidzwa muzviitiko zveFebruary Revolution: inotaura pamisangano, inonyora zvikumbiro, inosarudzwa kuUniversity of Artists of Petrograd.

1917, kubvumbi - mushure meOctober Revolution inomirira kubatana kwevanyori vane hurumende yeSoviet.

1918, chitubu-chakanyora screenplays, chakapfurwa mu cinema.

1918, November - mutambo wekutamba "The Mystery Buff."

1919, Gumiguru - kutanga kwebasa muMoscow pa "mahwindo e" KUKUNDA "- kusvika munaFebruary 1922 yakagadzira mapepa 400 nemagwaro 600.

1920-1923. Mutungamiri wemifananidzo yakasara yeMayakovsky

Nhoroondo yezviitiko zvehupenyu nebasa renguva yeHondo yeVanhu - kurwisana kwemasvomho matsva, yeramende itsva, mafirimu matsva, marwendo okutanga kuEurope, magazini "LEF":

1920 - kuverengwa kwokutanga kwehurukuro "150 000 000", mugore rose iro hurukuro zhinji mumakakatano, nehurukuro, pamisangano.

1921 - kugadzirwa kwe "Mystery Buff" neMeyerhold.

1922, May - rwendo rwekutanga kune dzimwe nyika - kuRiga.

1922, Gumiguru - kubuda kwemabasa akaunganidzwa.

1922, Gumiguru - December - rwendo rwokuenda kuGermany neFrance, kuzivikanwa nevatungamiri vevanyori nevanyori: Picasso, Leger, Braque, Cocteau, N. Goncharova, M. Larionov, nevamwe.

1923, March - nhau yokutanga yebhuku rinonzi "Lef" yakabudiswa pasi pekugadzirisa kwaMaiakovsky pamwe nhetembo "About It", nhetembo dzakawanda uye nenyaya dzehurukuro yemufananidzo mutsva.

1923, Gumiguru - anonyora magwaro ekududzira kuMosselprom.

1924-1925. Nhetembo-agitator

Mayakovsky aiva mazhinji muupenyu hwake. Chronological tafura yehupenyu nekugadzirisa kwemazuva anoshingaira anotenderera munyika uye nyika - maitiro munyika, anoenda kuEurope, "kuwanikwa kweAmerica":

1924, spring - zhizha - mafambiro nemaitiro muUkraine, Crimea.

1924, autumn-yechando - rwendo rwokuenda kuParis.

1925 May - anotanga rwendo rweMayakovsky kuenda kuEurope, kubva kwaanoenda nechikepe kuenda kuMexico uye USA.

1925, July-December - inosangana muNew York neDur. Burliuk, waanoenda naye muAmerica.

1926-1928. Kukura kwakasikwa

Nyaya yezvinyorwa zveMayakovsky - muchidimbu pamusoro penguva ino zvinogona kutaurwa kuti iyi inguva yekukosha uye yekusika kukura:

1926, January-February, June-August, October-November - hurukuro dzakawanda dzinoshanyira nyika, uyewo kuPoland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, France. Misoro mikuru:

• Unyanzvi hutsva.
• Nzira yekuita nhetembo.
• Kuwanikwa kwangu kweAmerica.

1927 - zvakabuda mumagazini "New LEF".

1928 - shanduro yakasiyana yenhetembo "Zvakanaka."

1928 December - mutambo "Bedbug" wapera, basa ratanga pamabasa: Meyerhold's direction, rakagadzirirwa Kukryniksov, mumhanzi - Shostakovich.

1929-1930. Dambudziko rekutarisira

Nenguva yezvokudya zveMayakovsky mumakore achangobva kupfuura: kutsoropodza kwakasimba kubva kune vadzivisi, kusanzwisisana kwehama, dambudziko muhukama hwehukama:

1929, January - dzakawanda zvemitambo yechirangaridzo dzakabviswa nokuda kwehosha yehuro.

1929, February - mutambo wekutamba "Bedbug" paMeyerhold Theatre yakasanganiswa: vanorumbidza chigadzirwa uye vanotsoropodza mutambo wacho pachawo.

1929, May - kuzivikanwa nemusikirwoti Veronica Polonskaya - rudo rwekupedzisira rwedetembi.

1930, February - March - chiratidziro "makore makumi maviri emabasa" chinotanga kuzarura muBhuku reMoscow Writers ', muLeningrad House of Press, muCentral House yeKomsomol yeKrasnaya Presnya. Zvinenge zvisingatongorwi nevatungamiriri nevanyori.

1930, March - mutambo we "Bani" paMeyerhold Theatre unofambidzana nekukundikana.

1930, April - kubva pamagazini "The Seal and Revolution" yakabudiswa mumazuva okutanga emwedzi, mufananidzo waMayakovsky wakamukwazisa panguva yegore rechi20 rekuumba basa rakagurwa pamirairo yehutungamiri.

Zuva rinouraya

Zvimwe zvikonzero zvekuzviuraya kwechirwere zvinowanzobatana neukama hwake hwakakomberedzwa naLa Lili Brik, uyo akanga ane simba rinenge risina simba pamusoro pake, uye naVerkaka Polonskaya, uyo akanga akaroorwa, asi uyo waaida kutanga hupenyu hwemhuri. Vanotaura Tatyana Yakovleva, uyo aigara muParis uye anonzi rudo rwake rwechokwadi. Izvo zvisinganzwisisiki yekuenda kunosuruvarisa kwakabereka maBhaibheri akawanda, kusanganisira kuuraya komunyori wenhetembo. Chronological table Mayakovsky, achinyora muchidimbu nezvemazuva ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwedetembi:

Musi waApril 12, 1930, akanyora tsamba yakakurumbira yekutsvaga nemashoko pamusoro pechikepe chekuda chikavhiringidza nezvehupenyu ...

April 14, 1930:

8.00 - anoenda kune telegraph uye anopa teregiramu kuna T. Yakovleva muParis: "Mayakovsky akazvipfura pachake."

8.30 - anodana muVeronika Polonskaya uye anomutora kumba kwake.

9.00 - vanosvika kuimba yeMayakovsky yekushanda muLubyanka Passage.

9.30 - mubhuku-muchengeti-courier, uyo akaunza mabhuku akarayirwa nemunyori werunyararo, akangoerekana aona mudetembi achipfugama musikana muduku.

10.45 - Polonskaya anobuda mukamuri, achitaura kuti anonoka kuti adzokere kumitambo, achivimbisa kudzoka manheru. Ari pamatanho, anonzwa pfuti inodanidzira muimba. Achidzoka, akaona Mayakovsky akarara pasi, ane neropa rake pahembe rake munzvimbo yemoyo. Akafa kusati kwasvika kwekukurumidzira ambulense.

Posthumous recognition

Izvozvo ndizvo zvinyorwa zveMayakovsky. Nhoroondo yezvinyorwa zvekuenderera mberi chiyeuchidzo chomudetembi iyo inofadzawo.

Kuguma kwehukama hwakakomba nouhu hweMayakovsky pamativi ehurumende hurumende hwakagadzwa naStalin pachake, uyo muna 1935 akati: "Mayakovsky aiva uye anoramba ari munyori wepamusoro, ane nyanzvi mune zveSoviet." Pakarepo mushure meizvi, zita remunyori wacho rakapiwa mumigwagwa mumaguta akawanda eUnited, mabhuku emakamuri, mafirimu, nezvimwewo. Mukuwedzera, zita raMayakovsky rakagamuchira:

1935 - yekare yainzi Triumphal Square muMoscow;

1938 - Zamoskvoretskaya nzvimbo yepamusoro yeMetro metro;

1946 - musha uri muKaliningrad;

1954 - Moscow Academic Drama Theater;

1967 - chivako cheMetro St. Petersburg;

1967 - nyika duku.