Tvardovsky, "Nyika yeMuravia": chidimbu uye kuongorora

Munenge pakati pemakore ekuma1930 (1934-1936) A. Tvardovsky akanyora nhetembo "Nyika ye Muravia", iyo nheyo yadzo ndiyo kuchinja kunoitika panguva iyo mumusha. Kuongorora kwebhuku racho kwakanga kusina musoro. Zviremera zvakaona mazviri, kutanga kwezvose, kukudzwa kwekuunganidza, iyo inenge ichizara munyika. Asi vanyori vakadai sekuti, semuenzaniso, B. Pasternak kana N. Aseev, vakacherechedza kuti kuve nyore kwechikamu chechirwere ichi chinoratidzika, asi chaizvoizvo iri basa rakaoma kwazvo. Ngatiedzei kunzwisisa zvikonzero zvekududzirwa kwakadaro.

"Nyika yeMuravia": chidimbu chechitsauko 1. String

Nhetembo inotanga netsanangudzo yenzira yakaoma yekuyambuka, iyo inoputika uye inoputika kubva kumugwagwa. Kune rwonzi rwetambo, hubbub uye mheremhere yevanhu vanoenda kune imwe nzvimbo, pakati pavo uyo munhu ane kodzero anoregererwa. Ichi chifananidzo chinovhiringidza kushamwaridzana nekuchinja kwakaitika mumusha, kutakura upenyu hutsva, uye naizvozvo husingazivikanwi uye hunotyisa. Kune zviuru zvemigwagwa munyika, uye mumwe wavo, wake, ari kutasva munhu mukuru, Nikita Morgunok. Smart, sekunge kuenda kumabiko, anotungamirira shamwari yebhiza, yakabatanidzwa kune mhepo. "Fungidzira ... nzvimbo yababa!" - Mashoko akadaro aNikita anopedzisa chikamu chekutanga che nhetembo "Nyika ye Muravia", zvinyorwa zvishoma zvauri kuverenga.

Zvitsauko 2-5. Panzira

Margunok akadzungaira akazviwana mumusha, uko kwaive kunakidza. Nikita akamira uye akatungamirirwa kutafura: "Tora kufamba pamuchato ... - the last it ». Patafura, apo pakanga pasina nzvimbo yekusununguka, munhu wese aikakwazisa nemunhu anogamuchira, asiwo muwani kana mwenga akaona hero. Mukupindura kumubvunzo pamusoro pezvinochengetwa, akaudzwa: kune chikwata uye kutaurwa kweavo vakatumirwa kuSolovki. Nokudaro, munhetembo "Nyika yeMuravia" mifananidzo yevanhu vakadzingwa vanosimuka, vakatumirwa kunyika dzisingazivikanwi nengoro pamwe chete nevana uye zvinhu zvishoma. Iyi nyaya inoparadzaniswa nerwiyo rwekufananidzira pamusoro peshiri, rakanamirwa muchitsiko nekurota rusununguko.

Achibva mumusha, Nikita akaenda kwenguva yakareba nebhiza rake vakatendeka, iro rwizi rwacho rwakanyanya kupfuura maziso ake. Munyori anotsanangura kuti manheru ekubva kwake akaenda kuna Grey, uyo akanga asiri iye bhiza - murume, kuti atarise.

Pakupera kwezuva iyo hero yakasarudza kushanyira mukwambo wake uyo waive neshamwari kwemakore makumi maviri. Zvaisuruvarisa kunzwa hurukuro yavo nenziyo manheru manheru: hupenyu hwavo huchauya sei? Munhu wose aifunga nezvake.

Nikita akaroora paanomwe gumi nemaviri, akagadziriswa purazi rake uye akanga asingadi kuenda kuboka rekudyara. Sekuru vakamuudza kuti zvinhu zvose zvaiva nenguva yake: utano, ruzivo, pfuma. Uye kana iyo yekupedzisira isingakwaniswi kusvika makumi mana (morgunka isati yasvika makumi matatu nesere), saka "usatarisa zvimwe". Saka akaenda kundotarisa kuti nyika yakavanzika ye Muravia, iyo iyo tateguru yaitaura, iripo. Maererano naye, zvakazoitika kuti paiva nenzvimbo dzakawanda dzakapoteredza. Uye zvose zvauri kudzvara ndezvako zvakare.

Mangwanani mangwanani Morgunok anoendazve mumugwagwa. Iyo inopfuurira mberi, iyo inofara uye inonakidza nyika inova. Iye zvino bhiza rakaneta, uye Nikita pachake haazive misha kana misha inosangana munzira.

Chitsauko 5. Kuungana nemupristi

Nenguva isipi mutengesi asingazivikanwi akaonekwa mberi kwegamba. Akanga ari murume, akasungirirwa netambo nemapfudzi ake aifema achibva pasi pomuviri wake (mushumiri wemweya) uye kambani shure kwake. "Iwe unoona, iwe wakatorwa kuenda kumubati?" - Nikita anobvunza mubvunzo uyu kumupristi. Akataura nezvehupenyu hwake hunorwadza. Zvose mapeji akavharwa, uye vashumiri vavo vanobatanidzwa nevano kupfuura. Iye zvino anoenda kumisha: kwaanozoyambuka iyo inokosha, kupi kwaanochata ... Izvo pasina bhiza chete zvakaoma. Uye akakumbira kuti muprista Morgunka aende mberi pamwe chete. Asi iyo hero yakaramba, achipindura kuti aive nenzira yake pachake, uye zvirokwazvo haafaniri kukumbira. Nezvo ndokupararira.

Chitsauko 6. Nhoroondo yekuru naamai

Nhetembo yaTvardovsky "Nyika yeMuravia" inopfuurira nenhau yokuti Morgunok akazorora akanzwa husiku humwe kubva kuvanhu vaisangana nevanhu - vakawanda vavo vakafamba rwendo rwake rurefu.

Mazana emakore aigara mumusha waro wakazara hukuru nababa. Zvinhu zvose zvakaenderera mberi sezvinowanzoitika, uye havana kuda kuchinja chero chinhu. Asi mvura chete ndiyo yakauya kumusana wavo gore roga rega, uye rimwe zuva, apo mvura yemakungwa ose uye nzizi yakazara kumativi ose eRussia, vakanonga imba yavo ndokuitakura. Kunyange zvazvo asina kubatana kune imwe yenzvimbo. Sekuru vakatarisa "suo rezuva" uye vakasarudza kuti, kuziva, kuti vararame nenzira itsva. Saka vanhu vakwegura vakava varimi.

Chitsauko 7. Duma weStalin

Anosiya pana Nikita. Uye pakarepo runyerekupe runopararira pakati pevanhu: Stalin pachake akatasva bhiza dema. Aine bomba, mune guru guru, anotarisa zvinhu zvose, anobvunza uye anyorera iye pachake mubhuku duku. Uye zvinoratidzika kuna Morgunka kuti mutungamiri ari kuenda kwaari. Anotanga kufunga pamusoro pekuzobvunza Munyengeri Stalin? Uye mubvunzo mukuru unouya mupfungwa: nguva iyi "suettoria" ichaguma rini, mune zvinhu zvose zvinopera? Iyo hero inorangarira hupenyu hwake hwekare, uye zvido zvake zvakajeka: izvo zvinogona kubvumira vakuru vakuru kuti varambe vachigara mumusha wavo. Uye nzvimbo yaanomira, iyo ndiyo iyo nyika ye Muravia, zvinyorwa zvishomanana zvenyaya yababa vake pamusoro pezvo zvisina kubva kunze kwake.

Zvitsauko 8-10. Kubba kweHondo

Pane imwe nguva Morgunka akadana, uye akaona mupemhi uyo akatungamirirwa noruoko, semurume bofu, mukomana. Izvozvo zvakaitika kuti uyu ndiye aimbova muvakidzani wake, Ilya Kuzmich. Sezvo aidiwa, gamba rakamugamuchira: akamubata ndokutanga kumubvunza. Iyo interlocutor yakataura pamusoro pehupenyu munyika, kwaaive neimba chete muchando. Kubva pane zvaimbova zvakanaka chete mwanakomana akagara. Zvino tarirai ivo vanofamba pasi, vakakumbira. Akanyarara usiku huno, Nikita, nokuti pedo haasi mutorwa - muvakidzani. Akangonzwa usiku usiku neshamwari yakarara. Uye mangwanani ndakaona kuti kwakanga kusina Grey: Ilya Kuzmich aiva mukomana webhiza. Hapana chakaita - wakaenderera mberi kutsvaga pamwe chete nyika ye Muravia iri. The morgunok yakanga yakabatanidzwa kumagetsi uye yakamuswededza mberi, ichiita chishuvo chokusangana.

Mune mimwe yemisha vakamira: vakabvunza, vakatarisa mapepa, asi vakasunungurwa. Zvakare, ngoro yacho yakarohwa. Iye zvino gamba rakanga richiri kunetseka pamusoro pekuguma kweGrey, izvo zvaakabvunza mubatsiri wese.

Kamwe chete iyo hero yakauya kumusasa, yakakumbira kudzorera bhiza. Vakamuvigira mabhiza - chimwe chakanaka, asi kwakanga kusina Gira pakati pavo. Usiku Nikita akatambudzwa nepfungwa: shure kwezvose, gypsies kuba, sei usina kutora bhiza rake kubva kwavari. Akatoenda kumvura, asi akanzwa kunyara nemurindi uye akaramba asina chinhu.

Zvitsauko 11-12. Kusangana nemupristi uye Bugrov

Akasvitsa motokari yaMorgunok kwemazuva matatu, uye akatomiririra "nzvimbo" yebhiza - A. Tvardovsky anoenderera mberi nenyaya yacho. Nyika yeMuravia - pfupiso pfupi yaNicita rwendo rwunoyeuchidza zvikuru mavambo ehondo dzeNekrasov - zvose hazvina kuitika, kunyange zvazvo hero iri kure kure nemusha. Matrekta akasangana naye, ndege dzakamhanya pamusoro pake mudenga, uye akaramba achikwevera chitima, uye ipapo mukomana akafamba. Akadzoka zvakare, akasangana nenzira iyo muprista, uye akanga ari pabhiza Morgunka. Uyu gamba akaedza kubata naye, asi paakabuda mujoko, haana kuwana tsananguro.

Mune rimwe remaguta akawana Nikita kumusika. Akatanga kutarisa kunze kwemabhiza ejasi rakasviba, asi pano haana kuwana bhiza rake. Ipapo Morgunok akaona mumwe mupemhi akamira pafambo: akabudisa rwiyo uye akabata ngowani nerubatsiro. Kudzidza mauri Ivan Kuzmich, Nikita akapwanya muvakidzani wekare pasi pake, ndokubva amutungamirira mberi. Pane imwe nguva Bugrov akakwanisa kunyengera hero - uye zvakare hakuna mbavha, hapana bhiza.

Zvitsauko 13-14. Upenyu muI Islands

Anotakurazve ngoro dzake Morgunok. Nenguva isipi terekta inomira pedyo, uye mutyairi wechidiki anotaura achikwevera motokari kune purazi rose. Mushure mokunge munzwa nyaya yaNikita, mukomana wacho akarayira kuenda kuIzles, uko waigona kutenga bhiza. Mushure mokupa motokari kuhosi, hero yacho yakaenda kumusha waiva pedyo, zvisingaoneke mugungwa regorosi.

Iko pamwe chete mapurazi akanga asiri pano, munhu wese akazviraramira ivo pachavo. Chinhu chekutanga chiitiko chemufambi wedu akaona chakanga chakakwana kuparadza. Nzvimbo dzakashata, masvingo akaputsika, vanhu vakagara vasina maturo vanotsanangurwa neTvardovsky Islands.

"Nyika ye Muravia" (chidimbu chipfupi chenhetembo yaunoverenga) inopfuurira nehurukuro na sekuru vake, avo vakagadzira mapaipi. Akatungamirira mushanyi muchivanze chake chitete uye akataridzira bhiza-grey uye bofu kubvira pakwegura. "Hungu, ndiyo nzira iyo vanhu vanogara pano," Morgunok anotaura, uye zvino anogumisa kusuruvara: izvi hazvibviri. Aine shungu akaudza vatsva vazive shamwari yechokwadi-bhiza rakabiwa. Vateereri pokhali, ivo vakatanga rwiyo rwandinoti hero yainzwa pamusoro pekuru vake makore makumi maviri namashanu apfuura.

Zvitsauko 15-17. Pamusangano wekudyara

Mushure mekunge vaenda kumotokari, Nikita akaenda kune iye zvino. Nekunakidza iye akatora basa rake: zviyo zvose uye uswa hwaiva shaft. Mumwe murwi akauya kuzomubatsira, uyo akazova sachigaro. Musoro wekhokhoz yakasarudza kuratidza muenzi kumueni. Kuvhiringidzika Morgunka kunaka uye kuipa mune zvose. Yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanyisa, kunyanya, nokusingaperi, - akatsanangura Andrei Ilyich.

Uyezve sachigaro akaudza nyaya yehupenyu hwake, iyo inopiwa munhetembo "Nyika ye Muravia." Kuongororwa kwahwo kunoratidza humiro hwevanhu vakamirira Soviet simba. Akazvarwa mumhuri yakashata yakakura, umo vanhu vose vakange vakasimba sekusarudzwa. In Civil aiva maronda matanhatu, asi akapona. Akabva apinda muchikamu chevhu, icho chaakaramba achityisidzirwa. Rimwe husiku vanhu vakapfuma vomuGracheva vakanga vachimutarisisa ari kure nemusha uye vakarohwa zvikuru. Andrei Ilyich aisagona kukwira kumba, asi haana kurasikirwa nekutenda mubasa rake. Izvo zvakafanirwa kumwanakomana wake-kushumira nyika yeSoviet nokutendeka.

Uye usiku varindi vemo vaitaurirana naMorgunk pamusoro pezvakaoma zvekufamba-famba. Pane imwe nzvimbo murume akare kubva purazi rekuunganidza ari kufamba-famba, achienda kune imwe nzendo, kana munhuwo zvake anoenda kunotsvaka basa, kana kuti akakurumbira Stepanka Grachev anodzoka kumba achibva kumugwagwa ane pfungwa yekutsiva ... A. Tvardovsky anowedzera huwandu hwehupenyu. "Nyika ye Muravia" (kuongorora tsamba yacho inotungamirira kune pfungwa iyi) inoshandura kuva nhoroondo pamusoro pekuguma kwevarimi veRussia mumatambudziko mushure mekugadzirisa makore.

Zvitsauko 18-19. Kudzoka kwebhiza uye denouement

Uye mangwanani pamunda wekudyara, vaipemberera muchato wavo: nenzira yenyika, nenzira huru. Akanzwa pano Morgunok mazwi ehupenyu hutsva. Uye kamwe-kamwe, pakati pechifaro, bhiza rakaratidzwa pamusana, uye muridzi wemba akaudza murume wake pachivande nezvekuuya kwababa, vakagadzirira kuroorwa nevechidiki. Achinzwa hurukuro, Nikita akabva anzwisisa zvose, akaparuka kubva panzvimbo yacho, uye kweminiti gare gare akambomira pamutsipa weGrey yake.

Uye zvino ivo vari munzira yavo zvakare. Nikita akafunga kuti: wakaona zvakawanda panguva ino, asi nyika iripi iyo sogokuru yakatsanangurwa? Nemubvunzo uyu akatendeukira kumurume akwegura akagara pachigamba. Akafunga, ndokubva apindura kuti kwakanga kusisina nyika ye Muravskaya. Yaiva uye yaenda, uswa hwakanyanyisa. Pamugumo mumwe, mune imwe: pose paunotarisa-nzira chete yakasara. Munharaunda yekuunganidza. Izvi zvinopedzisa nhetembo "Nyika ye Muravia".

Kuongorora uye pfungwa yebasa racho

Morgunok uye iyo chaiyo yakagadzirwa nhetembo nenzira dzakawanda inofanana ne "Ndiani muRussia anorarama zvakanaka" Nekrasov. Iyi ndeimwe mimwe miedzo yekupindura mubvunzo waigara uchinetseka varimi, pamusoro pokuti pane zvakanakisisa zvipi zvazviri.

Iko protagonist inomusiyano wevanhu vaigara vachigara pasi uye vaine hupfumi muhupfumi hwake. Uye kamwe kamwe akazviwana ari munyika umo tsika dzaivepo kwemazana emakore dzakaparadzwa. Kurumbidzwa kwake kwezvinhu zvakasikwa nemasango ake, mufaro wekushanda pahuwandu hwekurima purazi (unofarira) unopupurira rudo rwake rukuru rwekuzvarwa kwake-mukoti wemvura.

Chimiro chebhiza chinomiririra munhetembo "Nyika ye Muravia", iyo zvayo inobatanidzwa zvakananga nekuba kwayo uye kusagadzikana kutsvaga. Akanga ari nguva dzose yevashandi vemunyika, pfuma yake huru. Ndokusaka zvakanga zvakaoma kutora mombe kune purazi rega rega pasi pemirairo mitsva, uko kwakanga kusina kutarisirwa kwakakodzera. Uye kunyange muzvikamu zvekupedzisira Morgunok anokoshesa zvaanoona papurazi rekuunganidza uye kunyange anofunga nezvekubatana nayo, zviri pachena kuti kubatana kwakaunza kukanganisa kukuru kumusha, sezvo varimi vakaguma vave vatenzi venyika. Uye kwete yese "kulak" yakaita "pfuma" yake, achishandisa basa romumwe munhu.

Izvozvo hazvisi zvachose zvinorangariro ndeyo nhetembo "Nyika ye Muravia" na A. Tvardovsky.