Haiku - chii ichi? Haiku nhoroondo uye chimiro

Nhetembo dzevanhu vese dzakasiyana. Asi maJapan nguva dzose akamira akasiyana-siyana munyika. Yaiva munyika ino iyo nzira yakasiyana-siyana yekunyora nhetembo yakasikwa. Zvinyorwa zvishomanana zveHahaiku zvakadanwa, zita iri rakagara mumazana emakore.

Muchikamu chino, ngatitaurirei pamusoro pekuita kworudzi urwu.

Nguva pfupi dzomufaro nerudo

Mukati mawo, nhetembo dzeJapan dzakazara nemafungiro emufaro wekuve, kuyemura kunaka, chimiro, kufungidzirwa pamusoro pezvinoreva upenyu hwehupenyu.

Icho chimiro chechimiro chezvinyorwa chakagamuchira mukurumbira muNyika yeKubuda Kwezuva kubva muzana remakore rechiXIV. Zvisinei, nhetembo idzi dzakakurumbira chete mazana maviri emakore gare gare. Kugoverwa kwavo kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nekuti Japan yakazviwanira pachayo kune vatorwa, uye vakaudza nezvemaitiro avo asina kujairika. Zvakangoitika muzana remakore re XIX.

Zvadaro murondedzeri wechiJapan uye munyori wezvinyorwa Masaoka Siki akarondedzera izwi rokuti "haiku" kuitira kuti aparadzanise rudzi urwu rwemanyori. Izwi iri rave rajaira uye rakagamuchira kuparadzirwa kwakakura.

Kana nhasi isu tichizvibvunza kana haiku nhetembo kana kwete, ipapo chero nyanzvi yezvinyorwa achatipa mhinduro yakanaka kumubvunzo uyu. Hongu, ndeyvenhetembo, asi yakasikwa, yakaitwa mumhepo yakasiyana-siyana yekumaodzanyemba, yakazara nemafungiro echiJapane uye nyika inokosha.

Kunyange zvakadaro, nhasi nhetembo iyi yakange yava kadhi rekushanyira yenyika isingazivikanwi uye yakanaka iyo maruva makuru.

Chimiro chevhesi

ChiJapane haiku chinowanzofanira kuva nemishonga 17 (iyo imwe yendarira ye hieroglyphs). Kunyatsotaura, ivo vakanaka vose vari kunze uye mukati, vachimiririra muenzaniso wekubatana kwezvinhu zvose.

Shanduro yechishanu yechinyorwa chimwe nechimwe inofanira kuva yakasimba pane pfungwa yekuita semantic.

Pakarepo pavakashandurirwa mumitauro yekuMadokero, vashanduri ve stasis vakasangana nematambudziko akawanda. Icho chikuru ndechekuti zvakaoma kwazvo kushandura nhetembo, zvayakagadzikana zvinyorwa zvitsvene zvakakwana, saka vashanduri vaifanira kubva pane izvi. Uyewo, nhetembo dziri muJapan dzakanyorwa mune imwe korombo, uye kana dzichishandurwa mumitauro yeWest Europe, haiku yakanyorwa sechinyorwa uye kunyange se quatrain.

Nenzira, rhyimo mundima ino haishandisi zvakare. Dzimwe nguva vashanduri vemarondedzero aya vanoshandisa rhyme, kunyange izvi zvisiri izvo kubva pakuona kwechigadzirwa chechiJapan chemaitiro.

Mufananidzo wepakati we haiku

Kana tikacherechedza kuti haiku pamusoro pemasikirwo - ichi ndicho chimiro chemuenzaniso wekare wechiJapan, saka tichave takarurama. Zvechokwadi, chimiro chepamusoro chechinyorwa chero chipi zvacho chakasikwa, chinopindirana nehupenyu hwemunhu, chido chake chomweya uye manzwiro.

Muchiitiko ichi, munyori wenhetembo anofanira kugara achiratidza nguva yegore: izvo pamberi pake - zhizha kana zhizha. Nokuda kweizvi, izvo zvinodanwa "izwi regore" zvinoshandiswa, zvichibvumira muverengi kuti anzwisise zviri nyore: iyi haiku pamusoro pegore kana kupera.

Haiku kunyange yakanyorwa nenzira inokosha, inogara ichidhindwa pamapepa akaparadzana, kuitira kuti muverengi agone kufungisisa nezvekushandisa kwavo asina kutendeuka pepa pepa.

The famous celebrity creator haiku

MuJapan, kunezve vanyori vakawanda vakashanda mumhando iyi. Ava ndivo Arakida Moritake, uye Yamazaki Sokan. Asi, zvichida, nyanzvi yakakurumbira yemhando iyi yaiva Matsuo Basho.

Heano mimwe mienzaniso yebasa ra tenzi:

Autumn manheru.

Matavi emiti.

Ivo vari voga mapoka.

***

Ndinoona dongo rekare.

Iyo frog inosvetuka.

Mvura yakatsva.

Uyu mudetembi, uyo akararama munguva yezana remakore rechigumi nemana, akasika zvikuru nhetembo dzakazara dzizere nounyoro, rudo, kunyarara kusuruvara uye kutenda kuti munhu anogona kutora pamapepa nguva yehupenyu hwevanhu.

Uyu munyori ane mabasa mazhinji. Ivo vakazvitsaurira kumwaka yakasiyana-siyana, nyika dzakasiyana dzemweya wemunhu. Asi mukati mavo chirevo chechimiro cheJapane, chinyararire, asi chakasimba uye chepakutanga, chinoparidzirwa mune fomu yakanyanyisa.

Chikonzero nei haiku yakave yakakurumbira

Kuzivikanwa kworudzi urwu rwemasvomho kwakabatanidzwa nekuti mamwe maitiro emitembo muJapan panguva iyoyo akanyatsorongedzwa. Havasi vose vanogona kukwanisa kunyora nhetembo pamisoro yehondo kana zvematongerwo enyika. A haiku yaionekwa sechimiro chepasi, izvo zvishoma zvakabhadharwa kune vanhu vanokosha, saka mukati maro, mumutsara weiyo weiyo nguva, vanyori vangarondedzera zvakaitika kwavari nemanzwiro avo.

Nokudaro, haiku inyika yezviitiko zvevanhu, yakaiswa mune imwe korombo kana mitatu mitambo.

Runako rwemashoko akadaro ari mumahononic uye kujeka kwekunzwisisa kwenyika, kukwanisa kuratidza mumashoko mashomanana chikwata chose chemanzwiro evanhu. Apo Shakespeare aizonyora basa rose rinonakidza, uye Leo Tolstoy aizotanga nyanzvi yakawanda, munyori wezvinyorwa a haiku, anogona kutaura mutsara mumwe chete, asi huchava husingafi, uyewo nhetembo ya Byron kana nhetembo yaHomer.

Haiku upenyu hwedu hwemazuva ano!

Unyanzvi hwekutenderera kweJapan hwakatsanangurwa panguva ino hunozivikanwa zvikuru. Nhasi unogona kuverenga haiku pane imwe musoro, inogona kunge iri haiku pamusoro pechikoro. Kuparadzirwa uye kwakagamuchirwa kunakidza haiku uye kunyange haiku-caricatures.

IvaJapan ivo pachavo vanozvikudza nezvekuti nhetembo yavo yakanyora yakave yakakurumbira. Nokudaro, vadzidzi muZimbabwe yeZuva Rinobuda kunyange vanotambira basa rinoitirwa kumba rokunyora nhetembo dzakadaro. Nheyo dzinosarudzwa chero: bhora, basketball, volleyball. Haiku rudzi rweunyanzvi runogona kugamuchira zvikamu zvose zvehupenyu.

Zvisinei, classic haiku, yakatsaurirwa kunyika yezvakasikwa uye nyika yekunzwa kwevanhu, ichiri kuramba ichizivikanwa. Ndivo vanofarira nekukurudzira vemazuva edu mune imwe nyika yenyika.