Chii chinonzi compost? Organic fertilizers, horticulture uye munda

Zuva rose rekuziva ruzha rinotora nzvimbo yakakosha kumudziyo, sezvo iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo muvambi uye inobva kune hutano hwemiti pamwe nemuriwo mukuru wemuriwo. Utano hwekudyara uye kukohwa kwemazuva anouya kunotsamira zvakananga nehutano nehutano hwehuyu. Kana iwe ukanyatsogadzirira iyi musanganiswa, murimi wemizambiringa haazodi kushandisa mushonga. Chii chibage, iyo yekuigadzirira ichareva sei nyaya ino.

Kompositi - chii ichocho?

Kompositi chikamu chinonyanya kukosha chevhu rakaorera mumunda chero upi zvake uye iyo inowanikwa yakawanda inowanikwa mumashonga ose, iyo inowanikwa kubva mumiti yakasara. Kana yakanyatsogadzirwa zvakanaka, haichazadzisi zvido zvemajenya muzvinhu zvinowedzera zvinowedzera kukura, asiwo inonyatsovandudza hurongwa hwevhu hunogadziriswa, uye hunogona sei kuchengeta nekuchengetedza unyoro.

Kompositi munyika kana mumunda wemiriwo ndiyo chete inowanzogadzirwa nemuriwo, inogadzirwa nekuvirisa, iyo inowanikwa nemidhaka nemabhakitiriya.

Kugadzirirwa kwemajeri aya kunowanikwa mumumero wemapuranga kana kuti composting . Inogona kuvakwa segomba muvhu, asi iyo yakanakisisa ndiyo imwe nzvimbo yakagadzirirwa. Izvi, sekutonga, ihwo simba rekuvhara kana kuti yakasununguka rudzi kana bhokisi rine kupinda mukati.

Dzimwe nguva varimi, varimi vemotokari, vanofarira "American-style" compost. Izvi ndizvo, sekutonga, bhakiti umo mune zvidya zvezvokudya zvinowedzerwa uye zvakanatswa pamwe nenyika. Sezvaunozadza iyo mashekeri inotamirwa kune mudziyo mukuru kana kudururirwa muhomwe huru.

Mamiriro ezvinhu ekugadzirisa composting

Muchikamu chemumiti inobvumirwa kuita zvinhu zvose zvinokonzerwa nemiti inogona kuparadza. Izvi zvinosanganisira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, matanda ematanda, uswa uye uswa. Usawedzera zvinyoro zvitsva kumudziyo, nekuti zvinomirirwa zvakasiyana, kusanganiswa ne peat uye pasi, kwemakore mashoma.

Kuchengetedza kuti zvipembenene zvinopa kuvigira zvinogona kuita zvose zvinowedzerwa kumudziyo wemuumbi uye zvino kubudisa humus kubva mairi, mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anosikwa, sezvo vachida kudya zvakakwana kuti vashande. Kubva kumarara yakasvibirira vanogamuchira kabhoni, uye vanofanira kugoverwa ne nitrogen nezvidimbu zvakakodzera, izvo zvinowanikwa mumhuka.

Cow manyowa inowanikwa nezve makumi maviri kubva muzana yehuwandu hwemurwi wose, uye kunyanya kunyura kwemadokoni kunodiwa zvishomanana. Kana pane zvinetso nekuvapo kwechigadziro ichi, zvino chinotsiviwa nemashizha, bone bone, rudiki rwettle kana uswa.

Composting Hazviiti kunze kwezvinhu zvakadai sevhu rakaorera, rakazara nema microorganisms, uye zvinokurudzira zvekuvirisa. Kuti uwedzere humwe hutori hwekorori, wedzera fused phosphate kana phosphorite ufa pane imwe yei kilogiramu zvitanhatu pamakiromita mita uye potassium (huni kana potassium sulphate) muchiyero chemakirogiramu maviri pakubhiti mita.

Paunenge uchigadzira mamiriro ezvinhu anodiwa uye yakanakira manyowa, iyo murwi unopisa, kupedzisa kuparara kwezvakasara.

Izvo zvisingaiti manyowa

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinozivikanwa zvinozivikanwa pakati pevanhu ndezvekurima nekurima. Kuti uite zvakanaka kubudirira iwe unoda humwe unyanzvi, humwe huri ruzivo rwokuti ungagadzirira sei mushonga webindu yemiti.

Kuti uwane unhu hwakanaka hunokosha kuti unzwisise zvikamu zvingafanirwa kuva:

• Plastics;
• Fats;
• Synthetic materials;
• Mabones;
• Fat;
• Nyama nemukaka zvakasvibiswa.

Izvozvo zvitatu zvekupedzisira hazvifadzi nokuti dzinonzwa kunofadza nekukwevera makiritsi. Zvinokwanisika kuwedzera kwavari zviduku zvishoma nokuda kwekuora nokukurumidza uye pakati pe compost.

Kuyeuka chidimbu chipi, iwe haugoni kuita gomba remarara kubva mumurwi, kuisa mukati maro zvikamu zvakadai:

• Zvimedu zvevanhu uye midziyo yemumba kuti vasapinda utachiona hweHelminthic;
• Masaga, mapepa akajeka, mabwe, mapfupa, rubber, sezvavasingaori mu compost;
• Zvirwere zvinokonzera mishonga uye makemikari;
• Zvigaro uye zvinoparadza zvinhu zvemhuka zvinokonzera kuora;
• Akabatwa nezvirwere nezvirwere zvezvirimwa zvinopiswa;
• Midzi uye inowanikwa nembeu yemasora, sezvo panguva yekugadzirisa zvakare havaregi kukura.

Green Elements

Zvikamu zvemuti wekumuti unogona kugoverwa muzvikamu zviviri:

• "Green", iyo inowedzera yakakura ye nitrogen;
• "Brown", iyo inenge isisina nitrogen, asi inosanganisira zvakawanda zve fiber.

Girazi rakasvibirira rinosanganisira mashizha ekicheni, misoro, shiri dzinodonha, nyuchi, mazai mashizha, squeezes, michero yakasiyana-siyana. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nekuora kwezvikamu izvi zvakakurumidza, zvinoitika nekupisa uye kuwedzera kwemazinga ekunze mukati. Nokuda kwekufambisa kwakanakisisa, zvakakosha kugadzirira zvakagadzirwa zvitsva.

Kugadzirira manyowa kubva pauswa, magidhi uye mashizha asati asvitsa mu compost podvyvayut. Kana izvi zvisingaiti, huwandu huri mumudziyo wekomiti huchaenzaniswa, uye mweya haungapfuuri, izvo zvichabatsira kuti zvisaora, asi zvinosviba, uye huwandu hunopisa huchabuda. Uyewo zvidimbu zvezvirimwa zvinoshandiswa nemashizha akaoma uye sawdust.

Chinhu chakanakisisa chemuti wemugovera hachina huni, asi chinofanira kuyeukwa kuti chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvaro chinofanira kuvharwa ne humus yakagadzirwa-yakagadzirwa kana yakanyoroveswa nemishonga yemafuta kuitira kukurumidza kukura kwebhakitiriya uye, nekudaro, kukurumidza kwekugadzira manyowa. Iyo yakasvibiswa yakaoma inonwiwa nechinogadziriswa nemuriwo, shishi yekicheni kana mvura.

Kikani remnants nezvibereko zvinoshandiswa nemhando dzemavara, uye madonhi e shiri anonatswa nemvura.

"Brown" chikamu chemuti wekodhi

Kune chikamu chine ruvara chinosanganisira bark, peel yemvura yezuva, mapepa, mashizha akaomeswa. Zvimwewo zvinosanganisira machena, zviyo zvegorosi, uswa, makungu, manyowa. Iyo manyowa ane zvinyorwa izvi anowana chikamu chinodiwa, sezvo vanoita basa rekuparadzanisa vashandi uye kuchengeta mweya uye unyoro.

Iyo nzira yekugadzirisa zvikamu izvi ndezvenguva refu uye inoitika kunze kwekuumbwa kwekupisa. Panguva yekuora kwavo, kukosha kwe nitrojeni kunoderera zvishoma muhomwe. Nokudaro, paunogadzira murwi, zvigadzirwa zvakasvibirira zvinofanira kuita sezvidimbu zvebetsero zvinopa mabhakitiriya. Nzira yakanaka yekuchengetedza iyi nzira yekudururira murwi weUrea muchikamu chehafu nehafu kusvika mairi kilogiramu pamakirita mamita emurwi.

Mushonga wakakosha zvikuru wekumquba ndiyo tsvina, kana bhiza, yakaipa - yenguruve. Paunoshandisa iyo yekupedzisira, inofanira kuchinjwa nemashizha, sawdust kana mapeji, vasati vambovira, kuisa chidimbu muchiyero chemakirogiramu maviri pamakiromita emakira ezvigadzirwa uye kushivirira kusvikira kuzere nekutsva.

Kushanda kwakakodzera kwemumanyorera

Mushure mekusveta komputa uye kuishandura iyo inogadzirwa nemumanyorera zvakakosha kuishandisa zvakanaka, nekubatsirwa nemiti. Makirasi evarimi nevarimi vanogona kupiwa zvinotevera:

• Nechipamende yakapedzwa yakasanganiswa nemadota, zvinokwanisika kugadzira mumatanda emichero miduku, kana isina simba uye ichikura zvakanaka. Itai kuti pasi rive rakasvika masendimita makumi maviri.
• Zvakakosha kuwedzera manyowa pasi pemasango e currant uye jasi, mumubhedha wemakwenzi e raspberries uye strawberries.
• Gadzirira kuwedzera manyowa kune lime, kusanganisa kabichi nemakango, kusanganiswa nechepamhi hwepasi gumi masentimita.
• Kuzadza nyika mukuwa kunogona kuitwa nekuisa mushure mutevedzeri muvhu, ichifukidza nzvimbo idzi nefirimu yechando kuitira kuti zvinhu zvinokosha zvirege kugadziriswa. Pakazosviba, mugozi huchakura.

Composting zviyero

Zvinoshandiswa pakubika mune imwe nzira zvinowanikwa mu compost. Kana bhakisikiti inogadzirwa zvakanaka, murwi haungasununguri zvinhu zvinokuvadza muvhu, uyewo hazvizogumburwi nemhepo inofadza isingafadzi.

Nokudaro, kuwirirana nehupamhi hwehuturo iyo inokosha zvikuru, kana zvisina kudaro kutonhorera kwakanaka uye hurumende yakaoma hazvizogadziriswa kubvaridza manyowa. Nhamba yakagamuchirwa yakawanda ye compost inogona kufungidzirwa yakareba mamita nehafu uye anenge mamita makumi maviri kumusoro. Iyo yakareba inofadza, asi inopfuura imwe nehafu yengamera. Danda remadiki maduku haigoni kupisa zvakanaka uye richarasikirwa nemuviri nokukurumidza, izvo zvinotadzisa kuchenesa kwemuti.

Inokurudzirwawo kuronga manyorero panguva dzose munzvimbo imwe chete. Izvo zvichaita kuti kuwedzerwa kwezvinyorwa zvinodikanwa uye kushanda nokukurumidza kwemurwi mitsva.

Nzira yekugadzirira piramidi yemuiti

Inosvina ivhu muvhu Icho chinhu chakakosha zvikuru kumusimwa wezvibereko zvakanaka. Nokudaro, ibasa reupi wemirimi kuti agadzire zvakakwana manyowa kuti awane huri hwema fertilizer hunobatsira.

Zvirongwa zvichave zvakadai:

1. Munzvimbo dzine shaded yewebsite, sarudza nzvimbo ye composting uye igadzirire iyo: gadzirisa, bvisa kunze kwemidzi (kunyanya masora).
2. Isa fence nemapuranga, slate kana nhoo.
3. Nokuda kwemvura isina kuvharwa kusvika pasi, mvura yakasvibiswa nejecha, marara, kana grid yakanaka kana grid rinofanira kuiswa.
4. Zvadaro uise hutatu hwehutori hunenge huripo hunopera gore rapera - huchava hunyoro hwebhakitiriya yekuvirisa.
5. Zvikamu zvebhukukiti zvinodiwa kuti zvive zvakajeka.
6. Iro tsvuku uye yakasvibirira inowanikwa pamwe chete, kwete kukanganwa kuti ruvara rwuri ruzha harwufaniri kunge rwunopfuura hutatu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu.
7. Pakati pezvidimbu, unogona kuwedzera chidimbu chiduku , manyowa kana kuvhenekera.
8. Pedyo nepamusoro, murwi wehuni hunofanira kushandiswa.
9. Musoro wemurwi unofukidzwa nemashanga kana mapuranga (nekuda kwekufambisa mweya).

Fertilization kusimudza mamiriro

Hutori uye munda wekurima zvakajairika, asi kuburikidza nehutano hwavo hwekubudirira kunokosha kuti uve nehumwe ruzivo, kusanganisira kuti manyowa anobvarura sei.

Kuchengetedza uye manyowa ekugadzirisa zvinotora kubva kumwedzi inoverengeka kusvika kumakore mashoma, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu akasika uye kugadzirirwa kwezvikamu: murwi wehuwandu, huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvakapwanyika, kuvhenesa hurumende.

Zvakakosha kuti kutonhora mukati memurwi kunosvika makumi matanhatu uye kupfuura zviyero zve Celsius, izvo zvinokurumidzira kushandiswa patsva, kuuraya nyuchi. Chinhu chiduku chakakosha kuwanika kwemhepo uye kukonzera kweiyo mapiramidhi.

Mazano kuvarimi nevarimi vemarori pamagadzirirwo emudziyo

Mimwe mazano ekutarisira piramidi yemuiti:

1. Nekutanga kwekupisa uye kunaya, mangwanani pazuva rakachenesa, boka rinowirirwa kwazvo nekuwedzerwa kwekurima kwekusimudza mafunguro kuti inonise zvikamu zvose, zvinoda mvura yakawanda.
2. Nenguva dzinoverengeka mumwaka, murwi unoda kuvhara zvakanaka.
3. Siya manyorero echando ndechekusvibiswa - yakafukidzwa ne humus kana peat uye yakavharwa neuswa. Gore rakatevera, iyi "chifukidziro" inobatsira pane murwi mutsva.
4. Shandisa manyorero anogona kungoerekana akura, ane chisingaoneki, chimiro chinogadzikana nekunhuhwirira kwenyika uye mashizha (pasina mold uye fungus).
5. Iwe haugone kuronga manyowa mumugodhi kuti urege kuora nekuda kwemvura ine simba.

Nyaya yacho inokurukura manyorero akaita sei, kuti ungagadzirira sei nekuishandisa. Idzi ruzivo rwakakosha kune vanhu vanobatanidzwa mubindu, nekuti vanovimba nekubereka kwevhu uye nekuwanda kwekukohwa.