Chii Federal Reserve? Ndicho US Central Bank, kana "vanhu chakavanzika"

The Federal Reserve (Fed) - iri US Central Bank. It yakatangwa December 1913 sechinhu nhengo kuti kudzivirira systemic nematambudziko. Zvishoma nezvishoma, mabasa uye masimba aro rakatsaurirwa kwazvo. Asi chii Fed? Ndiyo "repachivande" kana kungoti chimwe Central Bank, kunyange vakapfuma nyika munyika?

zvinhu mabasa

Chinangwa chikuru the Federal Reserve - ndiwo maitiro usapinde negwaro. Saka chaizvoizvo akatendeka zvinotevera mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti chii Fed: muviri muUnited States, iyo anoita mari wechiGeorgian nokuzvisarudzira kuchengeterwa zvinodiwa, uye refinancing akavhiyiwa mwero iri pamusika rakashama. The Federal Reserve Rinotarisira mitengo uye kuramba mutengo isimbe. Uyewo, Fed anoedza vabudirire kunonyanyisa chechetere basa. The chikuru basa womuviri uyu kutsigira zvoupfumi munyika. Chii? Fed anopa GDP ikure 2-3% pagore. Zvisinei, pakugadzwa uku Federal Reserve System hakungoitwi. Fed musangano anogona chokuita dingindira mitemo ezvokutengeserana mabhanga kuchengetedza vatengi 'kodzero. Uyewo, kukurukurirana anogona chokuita kwerunyararo nokugarika misika yemari uye kudzivisa zvinogona zvinetso. Uyezve Fed anopa rubatsiro kuhurumende US, yeUnited uye dzimwe mabhanga.

mamiriro

Kukurukura chii - the Fed zvaisazova kwakakwana pasina ichitsvaka zvinoumba muviri. All vatatu. Dare Council - ndiwo muviri huru. Anokwanisa usapinde negwaro. Federal Reserve Board ine nhengo nomwe. Vane basa anoiswa mubereko rates kuchengeterwa zvinodiwa nhengo mabhanga. Chisarudzo chipi nokuda Federal Reserve kwakavakirwa kuongorora, zvinotora vashandi vayo. Ose mwedzi zvose zvakawanikwa inobudiswa vanonzi "Beige Book", rakabudiswa Semi-pagore Monetary Congress mushumo. Chimwe chikamu - Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). Basa racho kumisa atambudzwe mari unodiwa. The Federal Committee rine nhengo dzeDare Council uye 4 mapurezidhendi 12 nhengo mabhanga. muviri ichi asangana sere pagore. Chimwe chezvinonhuwira of Fed - pachayo nhengo mabhanga. Ivo atarisire wezvokutengeserana mari kumasangano kuongorora Implementation of vakasarudzwa mari negwaro. Mumwe nomumwe ari 12 nhengo mabhanga - muruwa.

History of mavambo

Yokutanga Kuedza kuumba mamwe anonzwisisa mari yakazoshanduka muUnited States vakaitwa muzana remakore rechi18. First uye Bank Yechipiri hwakagadzwa muna 1791-M uye 1816 M azvaitwa. Mumwe nomumwe wavo chakavapo kwemakore anenge 20. Vose rokutanga uye rechipiri bhengi yakanga matavi yose nyika uye anoshanda hurumende, zviremera mari uye private vatengi. Kazhinji, basa ravo riri inogutsa. Zvisinei, chikuru chikamu vemo havana zvokudya chero chachitangira. Richikwidibira simba ravo rave chokuita exacerbation enyika kurwisana, saka vakanga akavharwa. The 1907 vhunduka yave kusundwa Congress kusika Federal Reserve System. Rakavakwa ne National Monetary Commission kuongorora nzira yokudzivirirwa zvachose zvemari panics, bankruptcies. Muna 1913, Congress vakapfuura Federal Reserve Act. It pakutanga akaronga kuti Fed achava ndoda simba pane kuona isu zvino. Iye aifanira kuva mubasa rutsigiro pakusika nhengo mabhanga, kuwedzera elasticity currency uye kubudirira yose yezvinhu. Zvisinei, zvishoma nezvishoma, asi chakarondedzera ari vaiona nhengo masimba yakawedzera zvinooneka, nokuda periodic panowanikwa nematambudziko kuti inoda hurumende kupindira.

Muridzi Federal Reserve?

The Federal Reserve ndiyo yakazvimirira bhengi. FOMC chisarudzo, uye Board of Magavhuna inobva Fed nomudonzvo tsvakurudzo. Havana chagamuchirwa neMutungamiriri weNyika, Bazi Finance uye Congress. Ndiko, ivo yakazvimirira. Zvisinei, nhengo dzeDare Council vanosarudzwa nokuda mutungamiri uye aifarirwa Congress. Saka, hurumende anotonga munhu-refu nomutemo wemadzimambo Federal Reserve System. Vamwe vakuru chokuita ichangobva kufungira kuti kuona kudiwa kumira mabasa rakwo. Senator kubvarura Pol anotenda kuti odhita yaifanira wegadziriro zvikuru kwazvo.

basa sachigaro

The Fed anogadza mirayiridzo usapinde negwaro. Munguva kubva 2014 kusvika 2018 iri sachigaro ne Janet Yellen. Iye pfungwa nokukurira kwemabasa zvazvingava, yaiva yake zvedzidzo dzakagadzirirwa. Saka, zvinoita zvinoderedza kufarira prices. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti ayo zviito chete sembura matambudziko uye upfumi kudzikamisa vanoda uchirwisana zviyero. Kubva 2006 kusvika 2014 aiva sachigaro Ben Bernanke. Aiva nyanzvi basa Fed panguva Depression. Zviri achionga Bernanke akakwanisa kuderedza matambudziko ichangobva kudzikira.