Chii macroeconomics uye microeconomics?

Macroeconomics chinhu chinokosha chete zvoupfumi dzidziso. nheyo dzaro anoshandiswa nehurumende kudzikamisa pamusika mamiriro panguva cyclical nematambudziko uye recessions. Masayendisiti kwemakumi emakore ndakadzidza chii macroeconomics. Kutsunga Dzhona Keynsa ari chaiwo uye tsime yakasimbiswa.

pfungwa Keynes

Muzana XX remakore, nzira itsva kuti kudzidza National upfumi. Vaongorori vakatanga kufunga upfumi mumwe nyika yose. Saka chii macroeconomics? Chinhu nesayenzi kuti vanodzidza National upfumi mune rimwe kunzwisisa hurongwa. Izvi zviri pakupedzisira kuumbwa chete yapfuura, kunyange vamwe zviratidzo zvake vaivapo nemabasa dzenhoroondo political upfumi (Adams, Marx, uye zvichingodaro. D.).

Izvi sainzi yakazvimirira akaberekwa ari 30s pamusoro XX remakore. Most zvose zviri chokuita kuvhurika uye nokushanda Chirungu aiongorora John Maynard Keynes. Pfungwa yake akauya pasi pokudzora zvakaitika yakaoma yaitonga. Mukupera 20s paiva Kuderera Kukuru, izvo zvakakonzera mari dambudziko iri US uye Europe. Zvakava pachena kuti mune senguva pamusika zvoupfumi rotsva. Nguva vachikanda masayendisiti kuzodana.

Macroeconomics uye Microeconomics

Dzhon Keyns akagadzira chii macroeconomics, mubhuku rake "The General dzidziso Employment, Interest uye Mari," rakabudiswa muna 1936. Zvaiva kubva nguva rakatanga kukura kurangwa idzva nesayenzi. Asi kunyange hafu yezana remakore pamberi paiva macroeconomics microeconomics. Iye asingadi kudzidza upfumi rose, uye mhinduro dzakananga kumusika kuvashanu. Microeconomics zvakare rinoongorora dambudziko Pricing. In kutsanangurwa ongororo yayo inosanganisira zvigadziriswe kushandisa kupfuma.

Saka, Microeconomics anoshanda nevamwe ezvoupfumi masangano, apo macroeconomics inodzidza yose National upfumi hwose. Keynes, yake Hurukuro inokosha Labor akatsanangura pfungwa uye mananara hunonyanya kukosha kwake matsva. Ndicho chakakomba mumhuri chigadzirwa, mitengo, urovha, uye paavhareji mutengo revarombo. The Kuongororwa izvi zvose zvinoita kuti tinzwisise macroeconomics chii. Definition rinosimbisa kuti yakazvimirira nesayenzi. Kunyange zvakadaro, tinogona kutaura kuti microeconomics uye macroeconomics kuripo tisingatungamirirwi mumwe. Ndivo pamatavi maviri chete yesayenzi yechokwadi, uye saka kushamwaridzana mumwe muzvinhu zvakawanda.

Kuongororwa chekare political upfumi

Kuti tinzwisise kuti micro uye macroeconomics, zvakakodzera kutarisa dzidziso kuti vakanga vaishora. Uye iye waiva mukwambo pamusika, izvo akagadzira pedyo Jean-Baptiste Say. Zvakanga Economist French, uyo ari chikoro dzenhoroondo enyika upfumi, yepamusoro basa yakaitika pakutanga pamusoro XIX remakore.

Musimboti mutemo wayo chikuru ndechokudzibatsira nechokwadi kuti rokutengesa mishonga zvinowanisa mari, izvo zvinozoita ndivo hwaro nokuumbwa kudiwa matsva. Izvi zvakare kuratidzirwa National upfumi yose kusvikira panguva apo bhuku rakabudiswa neZvapupu Dzhona Keynsa. Masayendisiti vakaperekedza kuongorora zviri pose dambudziko mukupera 20s uye vakasvika pakugumisa kuti zvigadziriswe akagadzira Uti, mune chipo ezvinhu hadzishandi.

State Kupindira ari upfumi

Keynes aidavira kuti pamusika kwatangwa iri nezvimwewo. Naizvozvo nyanzvi waitsigira nokusimbaradza mamiriro mitemo hwenyika. Chii Macroeconomics muchirevo chechinyorwa chino? Zviri Kunoshandiswa ehurumende, vaifanira kuongorora mamiriro National upfumi. Zviremera anogona kushandisa makro-zvoupfumi nzira kuti zvakanaka waidzora ezvinhu ake.

pfungwa Keynes vakanga chakadzokororwa panguva soro chechetere. Mumakore 60 chinyorwa chake akava hwaro US gwara, United Kingdom, Canada uye Sweden. Vose nyika idzi vava dzinoratidzwa hwepamusoro uye zvemari pakusimba. Pane izvi zvakanaka uye budiriro kuti macroeconomics sechinhu kuiswa sayenzi.

The nemamiriro macroeconomy

Weboka imwe chete upfumi zvakanakira misika zvinoratidza kuti munhu macroeconomics akadaro. sainzi Izvi zvinoburitsa ari mukuru emari akasiyana zvikamu zvinoverengeka. musika rokutanga - kumusika okuwana zvinhu. Iye chinonyanya kukosha. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai panyika, basa, mari uye guta guru chaiko. Mamwe masayendisiti anoreva pasi ichi, uyewo mamwe matarenda dzevanhu nekwaniso munharaunda.

The rakatevera musika - kumusika kwenhumbi uye mabasa. Izvi zvinokosha nyaya macroeconomics. Chii? Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirwa nezvinhu mabasa, ndiko kuti, nemamwe mazwi, paumbwe romugove uye kudiwa - huru injini upi upfumi. Pano kupanana chaicho tsika, saka musika uyu anonzi chaihwo.

Chimwe chinokosha macroeconomics - mari. Ivo anoshandiswa mari pamusika uye kuchengetedzeka pamusika. Kune guta guru akaunganidza, akapa zvikwereti, chinjanai kushandiswa. The vanonzi Continental muenzaniso musika zvemari nezvezvandaifanira kuchengetedzeka, makambani inishuwarenzi, mudyandigere uye inivhesitimendi mari.

Business zvinogara

Macroeconomic dzidziso chakaunzwa kushandiswa nesayenzi izwi upfumi zvinogara. Dzinomirira munhu cyclical nokufamba - nemateru nezvisingafadzi kukura upfumi. Economic zvinogara zvinowanikwa chero hurongwa. Vane nzendo akawanda - yepamusoro pakati kudzikira uye pasi. Nokufamba mumabhizimisi kutenderera zvinogona kutadza uye nezvimwewo.

Masayendisiti uyo akaongorora macroeconomics uye microeconomics chii, akazivisa chikuru zvinokonzera zvinogara izvi. Izvi zvinogona chimurenga, hondo, kuchinja manzwiro pamusoro makambani, uye zvichingodaro .. Zvose izvi kunokanganisa nengaidzo pakati pomugove uye uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. kudiwa. Chimiro uye hunhu zvoupfumi zvinogara zviri chokuita zvakananga kudaro macroeconomic mananara akadai urovha uye mitengo.

overheating

Theorists dzakavamba aronga rokuti "overheating upfumi". Ichi mamiriro ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu apo nyika zvasvika vaifanira kuti nezvaanogona zvavo zvemari. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, oddly zvakakwana, pangava mitengo uye kuwedzera mitengo.

Ivowo, kazhinji mhaka zvoupfumi kudzikira uye cyclical urovha. Kana nyika iri kusangana nemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, izvozvo zvinofanira kupindira mamiriro. Ndizvo hwaro macroeconomics yokungotaura anogona kuuya zviremera rubatsiro. Keynes uye vateveri vake vakadzidza zvakanaka zvakaitika dambudziko. Vakawanda dzemitemo akagadzira navo vakashandiswa siyana inoti munguva kudzikira. The raora hwenyika nokupora matanho - ndiko kuti macroeconomics uye microeconomics. Tsanangudzo anoranga aya vane mumwe Category mubhuku.

Fiscal uye mari negwaro

States umo hurumende anoziva kwazvo chii macroeconomics, vakabudirira kurarama cyclical nematambudziko. Kudzikamiswa gwara, zvakakodzera kuderedza migumisiro kudzikira, akadana fiscal uye mari mitemo.

Sei zvakasiyana? In XX remakore, theorists kunge akagadzira fiscal mutemo chii uye mari macroeconomics. State anogona kutema mitero kana kuwedzera kutenga dzavo pamusoro pamusika. Kwakadaro Kudzikamiswa matanho ari fiscal nomutemo. Rine zvainovhiringidzawo ayo. In Kunyanya ivo ine pakuti Hurumende anogona angasafarirwa zvakakomba nezvinhu uye kugara bhajeti dhefisiti.

Monetary mutemo anoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana kudzikamisa zvoupfumi mamiriro ezvinhu munyika. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, Central Bank. Anogona kuunza kutengesa okuwedzera mari zvitengeswa. Kunakisa mari mutemo pamberi fiscal ndechokuti kana kuita rwezvemabhengi hurongwa rakawanda vanoteerera kuchinja. Izvi zvinoita kuti upfumi kubva dambudziko nokukurumidza. Population izvozvo kunyange zvakawanda zvakanaka nokuti iyi, vakapiwa mamwe nevatengi kwezvikwereti. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha mari mutemo aigona kunzi mutengo Kugadzikana, kugadzirwa kukura uye basa zvizere munharaunda.