Chikamu chechiedza che photosynthesis: chimiro chekuita

Photosynthesis semakemikari phenomenon inzira inoshandiswa pakuumbwa kwemakemikari ehupenyu panguva yekubatana kwemvura uye carbon dioxide. Chimwe chinonyanya kukosha ndiyo iyo nzira yekutaridzika, muchibvumirano chemafotoynthetic zvinhu. Pamusoro pemiti yemidziyo, zvinhu zvakadaro zvinonzi chlorophyll, nokuda kwebhakitiriya - bacteriochlorophyll.

Izvi zvinoparadzanisa zviitiko mumasikirwo uye ndeyomuwandu hwezvakawanda. Multistage inoratidzirwa muchokwadi chokuti munguva ye photosynthesis nzira dzekugamuchira, kushanduka uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi anogamuchirwa emagetsi anoramba achienderera mberi. Chimwe chezvinhu izvi shanduko ndiyo nzira yekushandura carbon dioxide muzvinhu zvakasikwa. Uye iyo inoshandiswa, panguva iyo mune ma-molecules ane simba-saturated uye ma-ATP, anonzi chikamu chechiedza che photosynthesis. Mamiriro makuru uye chiitiko chechikamu ichi ndehupo hwekuvhenekera kwesimba. Iyo nzira yekupa shanduko yakadaro sechikamu chechiedza che photosynthesis chinogona kurongedzwa zvigadziriswa sezvinotevera. Chlorophyll, iyo inowanika pamakumbo mumiti yakakura, inotora chiedza chechiedza chezuva. Zvino simba iri rinokurudzira kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zve phosphoric acid nezvimwe zveAtP uye ADP molecules. Zvisinei, basa rekujekesa harisi kupera ipapo kana. Mukuwedzera pakukurudzira kushandiswa kwekukanganiswa kwema molecules, simba iri rinoita kuti zvikwanisike kupedza kuparadzanisa kwezvinoitika mumvura. Pano chikamu chechiedza che photosynthesis chinowedzera muchimiro chekuita 2H20 = 4H + + 4e- + O2. Sezvo tichigona kuona, mhinduro yezvinoitika ichi inosunungurwa okisijeni, iyo iyo iyo iri muhurukuro yakasununguka inongopinda mumamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo.

Chikamu chinotevera, panguva iyo chikamu chechiedza che photosynthesis chinowanikwa, ndiko kushandiswa kwemaklekorori echlorophyll. Munguva iyi, pasi pesimba re quanta, electron ye chlorophyll molecule inoenda kune imwe yepamusoro yemagetsi mumatokisi. Zvikwereti uye vatakuri veyi electron ndezvikamu zve chloroplast mapuroteni. Achipfuura nepakati pezvikamu zvepuroteni idzi dzinotakura, electron ye molecule ye chlorophyll inomanikidzwa kurasikirwa nesimba rayo, uye inoshandiswa kuchengetedza kusvibiswa-kuderedza kushandiswa muAX molecules.

Sezvo varasikirwa nemasimba avo uye zvikamu (electrons) nenzira iyi, mamolekoro e chlorophyll anodzorerwa nekuda kwekuwedzerwa kwemagetsi, ayo akaonekwa semugumisiro wezvinoitika zvakataurwa pamusoro pekuparadzana kwema mole molecule. Iyo inokonzerwa neHerideni panguva yekugadzirisa iyi inogadziriswa nedzimwe chinhu, iyo inogona kukwanisa kuita basa rayo mutakuri mukati me chloroplast.

Zvirimwa, zvakasikwa, zvinowanikwawo mumamiriro ezvinhu erima, iyo ndiyo apo kubuda kwesimba rekudenga hakusipo. Nokudaro, chikamu chemafu chemotoynthesis chinoitika, icho chinoitika munzvimbo yakakomberedzwa pakati peganda uye thylakoids ye chloroplast. Nokuda kwechikamu ichi, hapana simba rekuedza rinodikanwa, uye kupindura kwayo pachako kunosanganisira nzira dzekutsinhanisa kushanduka kweka carbon dioxide molecules inopinda mumhepo yakadzika. Chigumisiro chekushandurwa kwakadaro ndiko kuumbwa kwemasukemu ematokisiko, kunyanya, uye mamwe makemikari ehupenyu. Mishonga yakadaro iamino acids, nucleotides, pamwe nezvose zvinonzi glycerol.

Mukuwedzera kune kupatsanurana kusvika muzvikamu zve photosynthesis, mune sayenzi kuenzaniswa kwehutano hwemhuka maererano nemhando inofungidzirwa. Iko huru ndeye C3-photosynthesis, uye C4-photosynthesis, apo makiromita matatu neane-carbon makumbani anoumbwa, maererano.