Coal: ehupfumi. Coal: mavambo, kugadzira, mutengo

Kubvira kare, vanhu anoshandisa marasha seinokonzera simba. Uye nhasi rinobatsirawo chicherwa rinoshandiswa zvikuru zvakakwana. Dzimwe nguva inonzi zuva simba, iyo conserved ari ibwe.

kunyoresa

Coal nokupiswa kupa kupisa kuri mvura inopisa uye kudziyisa edzimba. Inobatsira Zvisaririra zvaishandiswa simbi dzinotsanagura simbi. Thermal miti marasha incineration iri dzikwanise magetsi.

Kufambira mberi Scientific vakabvumira kushandisa fuma iyi inokosha zvakasiyana. Saka, muna makemikari indasitiri vakabudirira akakurukura inokwanisa kuwana kubva marasha imvura mafuta, uyewo zvisingawanzoitiki nesimbi akadai negermanium uye gallium. Kubva zvinokosha Zvisaririra parizvino zvikaramba kabhoni-graphite ematongerwo zvinhu pamwe kabhoni vyskokoy wevasungwa. Also kwaiitwa nzira hwokubereka mapurasitiki uye yakakwirira mafuta mafuta gasi kubva marasha.

A pasi kwazvo chikamu marasha yakaderera wegiredhi uye guruva pashure Processing compressed kupinda briquettes. Izvi zvinhu akakwana kuti muchidziisa voga mudzimba uye maindasitiri musha. On wose, zvibereko dzakasiyana siyana anopfuura mazana mana mishonga pashure makemikari kurapwa, izvo pachena kuti marasha. Mutengo zvigadzirwa izvi munguva kakawanda kupfuura mari mbishi zvinhu.

Mumakore emakore mashoma, vanhu inoita vakashandisa chaizvo marasha sezvo huni zvinodiwa kubereka, uyewo simba kutendeuka. Uye mumakore achangopfuura kudiwa Zvisaririra ichi zvinokosha kunowedzera. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti pave makemikari indasitiri, uyewo kudiwa mumichero kwazviri zvinokosha uye isingawanzowanikwi okunze. Panyaya iyi, muRussia nhasi vakaperekedza ane ndichibvunza ubanguranyika muminda itsva, asike zvimbambaira uye yamabwe, boka ichavakirwa kubudiswa zvinokosha mbishi zvinhu izvi.

Mabviro Zvisaririra

Munguva dzekare, nyika yaiva noushamwari uye nyorovera okunze umo zvinomera siyana ruwedzere. Pazviri munguva yemberi uye kuumbwa marasha. Mabviro Zvisaririra ichi iri kuunganidza mabhiriyoni ematani nemiriwo akafa nechepasi anezvimiti, kwavakagamuchirwa akafukidzwa emadhaka. Kubvira ipapo wakapfuura vanenge mamiriyoni 300. Years. Pasi simba kumanikidzwa jecha, mvura uye dzinoita siyana miti zvishoma nezvishoma yaora munzvimbo yakachena vakasununguka ezvinhu. Kana pachena kuti mukuru tembiricha izvo kwaipa raiva pedyo magma solidification chevanhu vakawanda kuitike, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma kuva marasha. Mabviro zvose zviripo minda zviri chete kutsanangura.

Mineral reserves mugodhi

On redu, pane guru deposits kuti marasha. In yose, maererano nokufungidzira, subsoil kuchengeta gumi tiririyoni matani chicherwa ichi. Uyezve, marasha remigodhi kuvandudzwa riri munzvimbo yokutanga. Mugore yaiva mabhiriyoni 2,6 matani, kana matani 0,7 chete ugere panyika.

Deposits kuti marasha kuRussia dziri munharaunda dzakasiyana. Uyezve, mune imwe neimwe chicherwa chigadzirwa ane unhu hwakasiyana uye ane udzamu kwayo. Pasi pasi, izvo zvinosanganisira deposits pakukura marasha muRussia:

1. Elga dhipoziti. Riri kumaodzanyemba-nechokumabvazuva Yakutia. The kudzika marasha munzvimbo idzi achibvumira rakavhurika mugodhi. Zvinoda hapana zvokuwedzera mari, izvo kunokanganisa rutapudzo yokupedzisira chigadzirwa mutengo.
2. Tuvan dhipoziti. Maererano nenyanzvi, ndima yacho anenge mabhiriyoni 20. Matani zvicherwa. The dhipoziti anokwezva kwazvo kukura. Chokwadi kuti makumi masere muzana deposits aro munzvimbo ine musono ane Ukobvu 6-7 mamita.
3. Minusinsk munda. Ivo dziri muna Republic of Khakassia. Chinhu minda shoma, remasangano zviri Montenegrin uye Izykhsky. Mumatanda vashoma kushambira madziva. Maererano nyanzvi vanofungidzira kuti azvidavirire nokuda pakati 2 uye 7 bhiriyoni matani. Pane mushoma anokosha zvikuru zvachiri Coal. Properties zvicherwa zvokuti kana kupiswa hwakanyorwa refu kwazvo tembiricha.
4. Kuznetsk marasha bheseni. munda uyu, riri kumadokero kweSiberia, anopa chigadzirwa kuti rinoshandiswa simbi indasitiri. Marasha, iyo mined muzvikamu izvi, ndizvo coking. Bhuku deposits ndechokungoti zvikuru.
5. Kuznetsky Alatau. munda Izvi zvinopa chigadzirwa chemhando yepamusoro. Mukuru kudzika akaturikidzana zvicherwa rinosvika makubhiti mazana mashanu. Production rinoitwa mu akazaruka zvikamu, uye mumigodhi.

Coal iri mined mu Russia muna ari Pechora marasha bheseni. Vachishingaira yakatanga kumunda Rostov mudunhu.

Coal sarudzo nokuti kugadzirwa muitiro

Mumaindasitiri siyana, tinofanira huripo dzakasiyana mavanga zvicherwa. Musiyano uri Coal? The zvivako uye Qualitative zvechadenga chigadzirwa akasiyana siyana.

Izvi kunoitika kunyange kana marasha ane chete chokuguma. Chokwadi kuti hunhu Zvisaririra kuvimba yayo kugadzirwa nzvimbo. Ndokusaka kambani ose, kusarudza marasha kwayo kugadzirwa anofanira kuziva mumuviri ayo unhu.

ehupfumi

Coal iri kusiyaniswa anotevera ehupfumi:

1. Density. Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha unhu, riri kumativi 1.28 kusvika 1.53 magiramu muzana cubic sendimita. At yakakwirira densities kunowedzera chaizvo kupisa combustion kuti marasha.
2. The kabhoni kugutsikana. indekisi ichi yemakomo kubva 75 kusvika 97 muzana. At yakakwirira zviri kabhoni iri mafuta idukusa vhoriyamu nouipi. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kuwana kunonyanyisa huwandu simba kubva combustion zvibereko.
3. Zvokuimba simba. maitiro ichi anosarudza mano Zvisaririra tama chokufambisa. parameter ichi iri kuwanda kubva 40 makirogiramu por mativi sendimita (kubva lignite) uye 300 (and anthracite).
4. Nesarufa kugutsikana. angled Its Ingasiyana kubva 0.5 kusvika 5.4 muzana. At kukosha diki mafuta uwandu kushandiswa zvakanaka.
5. Kugadzikana zvinoriumba (2-45%).
6. Humidity. The mafuta ingasanganisira kubva 4 kusvika 15 muzana unyoro. Kubva mufananidzo uyu napo kana panguva marasha unopfuta unoshanda ibwe. The ehupfumi munhu nyoro chigadzirwa Evhangeri yemvura noMweya ndiyo yakaoma. marasha kwakadaro anopararira uye pasi nokukurumidza weathering.
7. Padurunhuru kugutsikana. characterization Izvi zvinoratidza nhamba dzisiri combustible wemisanganiswa zviri Zvisaririra. At yakaderera padurunhuru tigutsikane kunowedzera chaiyo kupisa vanokwanisa. Yakadereresa chikamu non-combustible wemisanganiswa vane anthracite. Zviri mukati 2%. Nokuti muchidziisa chinogamuchirika padurunhuru tigutsikane iri kuwanda matatu muzana. The soro Kukosha zvazvo izvi - 45%.
8. Dzakananga kupisa combustion. indekisi Izvi zviri zvinobva 6500 kusvika 8600 kcal / makirogiramu. Rinoreva chitsama kupisa kuti vanowanika nokuda combustion mumwe kilogram peturu.

The mwero vapfume

Mune nesimba yakasiyana marasha anogona kutengwa zvichienderana aida kushandiswa. Saka mafuta Properties kuva pachena, kwakavakirwa mwero vapfume. anokudzwa:

1. inonyanya. chinotsva ichi rinoshandiswa pakugadzirira nemagetsi uye nokupisa.

2. Industrial Products. Ivo zvinoshandiswa simbi.

3. Sludge. Izvi yakanaka marasha chakapatsanurwa (millimeters nhanhatu), uye guruva zvinoberekwa Kupwanywa paruware. Briquettes aumba kubva slurry rine zvakanaka waivako ehupfumi nezvezvipfuwo hwakasimba mafuta boilers.

The mwero coalification

kusiyaniswa chakarurama ichi:

1. Brown marasha. Ndiyo chete marasha, yapera kuumbwa. Properties zviri zvishoma kupfuura kuti dzakakwirira uhwu rinochiwedzera. Brown marasha unobereka yakaderera kupisa kana kupiswa uye anopararira panguva zvifambiso. Uyezve, ane tsika nokuzvidzora vesa.

2. Coal. mafuta ichi ane zhinji mhando (mavanga) vane ehupfumi zvakasiyana. Vakawanda kushandiswa simba, simbi, utilities uye makemikari indasitiri.

3. anthracite. Ndicho chemhando yepamusoro muchimiro marasha.

The ehupfumi yose siyana izvi zvicherwa zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva mumwe. Saka, yakadereresa calorific mutengo nezvekumwe lignite, uye zvepamusoro - anthracite. Chii zvakanakisisa kutenga marasha? Mutengo zvinofanira zvemari chine musoro. Saizvozvowo, mari uye wakananga kupisa zvine optimum reshiyo kuwanikwa nyore marasha (mu kuwanda $ 220 chete tani).

Kupatsanura maererano nokukura

Kana uchisarudza zvakakosha kuziva kukura marasha. Nhamba iyi encrypted mune zvizivikanwe kuti zvicherwa. Saka, marasha ndiko:

- "P" - rakanyorwa, inova hombe zvidimbu masendimita anopfuura 10.

- "K" - guru, pamwe kukura kubvira 5 kusvika masendimita 10.

- "O" - mupengo, zviri zvakare zvikuru guru, zvimedu vane hukuru pamusoro 2.5 kusvika 5 cm.

- "M" - diki, zvishoma zvidimbu ari 1.3-2.5 cm.

- "C" - mbeu - zvakachipa chakapatsanurwa kuti kuora refu pamwe kukura 0.6-1.3 cm.

- "W" - marara, riri kunyanya pulverized marasha dzaizopiwa briquetting.

- "R" - Private, kana standardless, izvo zvinogona zvikamu zviduku inosiyana.

The ehupfumi dzebhurauni marasha

Ndicho muduku yepamusoro marasha. Price akanga yepasisa (anenge zana remadhora muzana tani). Brown marasha rakaumbwa muna anezvimiti dzekare nokuda compression kuti peat ari kudzika anenge 0,9? Km. Izvi zvinonyanya zvakachipa mafuta ine yakawanda mvura (vanenge 40%).

Uyezve, lignite ane hwakanyatsorwisa pasi kupisa combustion. Pane vazhinji (50%) kubva kugadzikana magasi. Kana ukashandisa mashava marasha nokuda vira firebox, zviri zvayo unhu unhu kuyeuchidza nyorova huni. The chigadzirwa zvakaoma hadzitani, akawanda utsi uye kunosiya shure vakawanda nemadota. Kazhinji, zvinhu ichi mbishi yakagadzirira briquettes. Ivo ive waivako zvikuru zvakanaka. mutengo wavo anoda kubva masere kusvika gumi zviuru rubles por tani.

Properties kuti marasha

mafuta This nani. Coal - dombo inotungamirwa ine vatema uye matte, Semi-Mat kana kupenyerera penyika.

In kwakadai mafuta rine vanosvika vashanu kusvika matanhatu muzana mwando, nemhaka iyo ine mukuru kupisa combustion. Zvichienzaniswa nemiouki, alder uye Birch huni marasha anopa kupisa kuri 3.5 nguva kwirirei. The Zvakashatira ichi mhando huni iri kwayo dota guru. Mutengo marasha muzhizha uye kuwa muna zvinobva 3900 kusvika 4600 rubles muzana tani. In yechando, mutengo huni inowedzera kubudikidza maviri matatu muzana.

Kuchengetera marasha

Kana chinotsva rinofanira kushandiswa kwenguva refu, zvino zvinofanira kuiswa chaiyo mudura kana paShiro. Ipapo anofanira kudzivirirwa kubva zvakananga chezuva uye kunayisa.

Kana guru marasha murwi, ipapo kuchengetera unofanira kugara kuongorora avo ezvinhu. The chikamu chiduku yakanaka akabatana dzakakwirira tembiricha uye mwando anogona vesa nomuzvarirwo.