Complex jira: mamiriro, tsananguro, mienzaniso

zvirimwa zvose ine vegetative uye rokubereka zvomukati. Last anokonzera kubereka. In angiosperms ndiyo ruva. Chinhu dzakachinjwa kupunyuka. Vegetative nhengo zvinomera - ndiwo midzi uye matavi. The midzi rine chikuru mudzi, lateral uye zvakawanda. Dzimwe nguva huru mudzi kunogona unexpressed. gadziriro yakadaro inonzi fibrous. Madzinde chinoumbwa madzinde, mashizha uye atwo. Madzinde zvinopa senga pamusoro zvinhu, uye batsirai nzvimbo chirimwa. Itsvo vane basa nokuumbwa mapazi matsva, uye maruva. List - anokosha reDare chirimwa, sezvo anokonzera photosynthesis.

How akunoita

Simple uye remubatanidzwa mashizha panofanira pakubhadhara anoverengeka munyama. Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

In mashoko histology

Kumusoro chifukidzo rinenge - the Epiderme e. Izvi rukoko ukobvu rimwe kana maviri masero pamwe gobvu membranes dzinongoda pedyo chaizvo kune mumwe. Izvi Mucheka jira anotidzivirira zvokuimba zvakakanganisika, uye chinonditadzisa nokunyanyisa kwemvura mvura kubva mumuviri. Uyezve Epiderme e chinobatanidzwa gasi exchange. Kuti vaite izvi zvinyama chipo stomata.

Pamusoro Epiderme e chimwezve unodzivirira rukoko randinogara rine wakisi, kuti unhani chaibwinya ne tishu masero.

Pasi Epiderme e ndiye columnar, kana kuitwa parenchyma. Izvi zvinokosha jira papepa. Zvinotora isa chirongwa photosynthesis. Masero parenchymal vanosarudzirwa vertically. Dzine vakawanda chloroplasts.

By vanonzwisisa jira iri conductive jira maitiro uye chirambe chakapfava parenchyma. Conductive Fabric - a xylem uye phloem. Wokutanga ine midziyo - masero akafa chokuita vertically nemumwe asina chinjikira baffles. By xylem mvura nezvinhu ichiputswa mairi ari kusvitsa kuva pepa kubva mudzi. Phloem rinoumbwa nomusero sepombi - elongation masero mapenyu. By jira ichi conductive mhinduro dziri zvifambiswe nekusiyana, kubva shizha pamudzi.

Chirambe chakapfava zvinyama anokonzera gasi Exchange uye mvura kwemvura.

Dzakanyorwa pasi akaturikidzana ari Epiderme e dererei. Iyewo, kufanana pamusoro, ane unodzivirira basa. It anewo stoma.

mamiriro mashizha

It paunobuda kubva hunde petiole, izvo wakasimba lamina uye - chikuru chikamu jira. Kubva hunde kusvika kumucheto mashizha mutsinga achizviparadzanisa. Uyezve, yeimwe yayo hunde muri stipules. Akaoma mashizha, mienzaniso izvo dzichakurukurwa pazasi, zvakarongwa kuitira kuti rimwe shizha petiole iri ndiro dzinoverengeka.

Ndezvipi mashizha

Zvichienderana nemamiriro vangazivikanwa nyore uye akakura mashizha. Simple ine chete ndiro. Complex jira - munhu une vakawanda kwamahwendefa. Inogona zvakasiyana mu mamiriro.

Mhando shizha

Pane mhando dzakawanda. Zvokufunga kuvaparadzanisa kupinda mhuka inogona dzinoverengeka ndiro, chimiro micheto kwamahwendefa uye kuumba jira. Anouya mhando shanu.

Shizha chimiro - sezvo zvinoitika

Kune dzimwe mhando nayo:

• arrowhead;
• denderedzwa;
• serin'i;
• Linear;
• akaita somwoyo;
• feni-zvakaumbwa (Semi-tenderera jira);
• akataura;
• tsono;
• achikanganisa-zvakaumbwa (mativi jira, richengetwe kusvikira hunde pamusoro);
• hastate (unopinza yakatesvera panyanga dzacho);
• spatulate;
• lobed (jira akakamurwa kuva muzvizhinji pamusoro mashizha);
• lanceolate (refu, rakafara papepa pakati);
• obratnolantsetovidnaya (yokumusoro chikamu jira iri kupfuura pasi);
• obratnoserdtsevidnaya (akaita somwoyo papepa makamuisa kusvika hunde unopinza magumo);
• rhomboid;
• Crescent.

A jira kunzwisisa anogona kuva chero kwamahwendefa siyana.

Form ndiro kumicheto

Ichi chimwe chinhu chinoita kuti zvibvire kuti munguva mukomboni shizha.

Zvichienderana chimiro micheto kwamahwendefa mashizha muri mhando shanu:

• toothed;
• crenate;
• serrate;
• notched;
• rinocheka.

Mamwe remubatanidzwa mashizha

Zvichienderana uwandu ndiro uye urongwa hwavo, zvinotevera mhando shizha:

• palmate;
• pinnate;
• dvuperistye;
• trifoliate;
• perstonadreznye.

In palmate remubatanidzwa anosiya zvose mahwendefa diverge pedyo nharaunda kubva hunde, akafanana chitarisiko ayo thumb.

Pinnate mashizha vane shizha ndiro akaronga achitevedza hunde. Vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri: paripinnate uye pinnate. Pakutanga pane apical mundiro, nhamba iri vakawanda vaviri. In shamisa-pinnate apical ndiro aripo.

In dvuperistyh shizha ndiro vanosarudzirwa achitevedza yechipiri petioles. Avo, akavapindurawo, vari dzakabatana huru.

Trifoliate vane mashizha matatu.

Perstonadreznye kufanana feathery mashizha.

remubatanidzwa kunosiya - venation yavo

Pane zvitatu marudzi ayo,

• Parallel. Mutsinga dziri zvakaenzana kubva nechepasi pepa wayo micheto mhiri ndiro.
• Arc. Mutsinga havaendi zvakanaka, asi muchimiro ive chinhu chakakombama.
• Net. Rakakamurwa subspecies zvitatu: TOUR, palmate uye peristonervnoe. At TOUR venation pepa rine mutsinga matatu makuru izvo Uchabva vamwe. Palmate dzinoratidzwa mutsinga zvinopfuura zvitatu huru kuti vanoparadzaniswa pedyo mujinga petiole. Kana peristonervnom pepa rine imwe huru tsinga, izvo kubva vamwe.

Kakawanda kunzwisisa jira ane reticulate venation.

Urongwa mashizha ari nedzinde

Vose nyore uye remubatanidzwa Mashizha dzinogona kurongwa munzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Kune mhando ina yenzvimbo:

• Whorled. The mashizha akabatana pamusoro matatu kwavari rakamanikana hunde - whorl. Vanogona kuva muchinjikwa, hama imwe neimwe yapfuura whorl zvayaitenderera paguyo madhigirii 90. Plants pamwe yakadaro urongwa mashizha vari elodea, ziso rarira wacho.
• Rosette. Mashizha All vari chete nokukwirira uye akaronga mudenderedzwa. nezvigadziko ava agave, Chlorophytum.
• Sequential (Regular). The mashizha zvakabatanidzwa, rimwe nerimwe raiva pedyo nebundu. Nokudaro, vari riri Birch, pelargonium, nomuapuri, akasimuka.
• Vakomana. With kwakadai urongwa nechimwe raiva pedyo nebundu riri machira maviri. Mumwe raiva pedyo nebundu iri yemanyorero zvayaitenderera paguyo hama kune yapfuura mumwe madhigirii 90. Uyewo, mashizha dzinogona kurongwa munzira misara miviri pasina kutenderera zvinoriumba. Mienzaniso miti yakadaro imwe urongwa mashizha vari mindi, Jasmine, Lilac, Fuchsia, akafa-yorukato.

The mhando okutanga maviri mashizha urongwa kwese zvinomera nyore mashizha. Asi vapedzisira mhando mbiri inogona kushanda akakura mashizha.

mienzaniso miti

Zvino ngatitarise iri-siyana remubatanidzwa mashizha, mienzaniso. Ivo emit munhu yakakwana chitsama. Plants mashizha kunzwisisa inogona dzakasiyana upenyu siyana. Zvingava mumakwenzi uye nemiti.

A zvakajairika chaizvo chirimwa pamwe remubatanidzwa mashizha - nedota. Izvi miti mhuri yemiorivhi, boka bipartite, Department of angiosperms. Vane remubatanidzwa kunosiya imparipinnate, rine manomwe namashanu ndiro. Form dunhu - giya. Venation - yepasi. Ash mashizha anoshandiswa somushonga diuretic.

Muenzaniso unoshamisa mugwenzi pamwe zvakaoma anganzi razibheri mashizha. Zvirimwa izvi vane mashizha imparipinnate vatatu kusvika nomwe ndiro iri refu pemashanga. venation mhando - peristonervnoe. Maumbirwe jira mucheto - crenate. Raspberry Mashizha zvinoshandiswa zvavo mushonga. Inosanganisira zvinhu kuti vane Anti-anogumbura mugumisiro.

Chimwe muti pamwe remubatanidzwa mashizha - Rowan. Anosiya wake paripinnate. Uwandu ndiro - eleven. Venation - peristonervnoe.

Zvinotevera muenzaniso - imwe Clover. It ane kunzwisisa trifoliate mashizha. Venation Clover pajira riya. Maumbirwe jira mucheto - rinocheka. Uyezve Clover trifoliate mashizha zvakavawo bobovnik.

Remubatanidzwa mashizha anewo chirimwa sezvo Albitius. Rine dvuperistye mashizha.

Mumwe muenzaniso chirimwa mashizha akaoma - nomuti. gwenzi ichi ane reticulate venation. nharaunda Form - yose. Sheet Type - dvuperistye. Number ndiro - kubva zvidimbu gumi.

Chimwe chirimwa pamwe remubatanidzwa mashizha - mastrawberry. Sheet Type - trifoliate. Venation - yepasi. Mashizha aya uyewo inoshandiswa mukurapa chetsika. Kazhinji, atherosclerosis nezvimwe zvirwere vascular.

mhedziso

Somunhu mhedziso, ratinoparidza tafura nokupfupikisa kunzwisisa mashizha.

Pano takurukura sechivako mukomboni shizha, ayo mhando, mienzaniso zvirimwa kuti nhaka yavo.