Dambudziko reKoxdynka ra1896 muMoscow

Mambo wekupedzisira weRussia, Tsar Nicholas II, yakanga iri tsika mumutungamiri weSoviet wezvematongerwo enyika anonzi "Kudyisa". Zvikonzero zvikuru zveizvi zvaiva zviviri. Chokutanga, Svondo Rinovhiringidza raJanuary 1905, apo rondedzero yeHarare Palace yakakokwa nepfuti nokusanzwisisana kana kutsamwiswa. Chikonzero chechipiri ndedambudziko reKodynka ra1896. Iyi njodzi yakaramba iri muchiyeuchidzo chevanhu muchimiro chemazwi evanhu vose, kunyange zvazvo kwete munhu wese anoziva mamiriro ayo. "Khodynka" - uye nhasi dzimwe nguva vanotaura nezvevanhu vasingafungi uye vanopwanya.

Coronation

Dambudziko reKodynka rakaitika panguva yemhemberero yakatsaurirwa kumuchato weumambo hwaNikolai Alexandrovich Romanov. Mhemberero yacho pachayo yakaitika musi waMay 14 uye yaiperekedzwa nechimwe chiratidzo chinonyangadza. Nzvimbo yekutora yaiva Assumption Cathedral muMoscow Kremlin. Mutongi akanga ari muduku, asi basa rakanga richimunetsa zvikuru. Zuva racho rakava rakatsva, temberi yakanga yakazara, uye zvipfeko zvakatorwa mumatambudziko akadaro zvakasiyana kubva zuva rega rega nehupamhi hunokosha. Mukutaura, maererano nemitemo yaHegumen Serafim, mutongi wemakore 28 akangorwara, akagumburwa, akapotsa akadonha, kunyange akatadza kuziva kwenguva pfupi. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kune vose, asi mumamiriro ezvinhu aya izvi chokwadi, zvichizoenzaniswa nemamiriro ekutonga, zvakaonekwa se clichés.

Mushure mokunge tsika inopedza simba, vakaroorana vakaenda kuIlinsinye, kuna Duke Duke Sergey Alexandrovich nemudzimai wake Elizabeth Feodorovna, uye mushure mokunge vachisimuka, vaviri vacho vakafara kuti mhemberero dzose dzapera, uye zvino munhu anogona kurarama murugare achiita zvehupfumi. Mhemberero dzaifanira kuitika kwenguva yakareba, kusvika paMay 26, asi zvakanga zvisina kudikanwa kuti zvibatane zvakananga muTsar. Zvisinei, mufaro wakazove usina nguva: mazuva matatu chete gare gare njodzi yakaitika munharaunda yeKodynka.

Purogiramu yemhemberero

Nikolay Alexandrovich akazvipira nomwoyo wose kuva vanhu veTsar, kubvira pakutanga kwekutonga kwake aida kuisa upenyu hwevanhuwo zvavo uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwavo. Kutanga kwekutonga kwaro kwakagara kwatangira nemufananidzo umo mazano emitemo yepamba uye kunze kwenyika akaiswa. Vanhu vacho vakavimbiswa (uye panguva iyoyo zvakanga zvakaenzana nokuurayiwa) kuderedzwa mumutoro wemitero, kukanganwirwa kwemashure uye mamwe maitiro akanaka ehupfumi. Kunyanya, pamutengo webhajheti, zvikwereti zvevagari vemadhora mabhiriyoni zana zvakabhadharwa. Zvichipa simba rekutenga iro reRussia mari, unogona kuona kuti yakanga iri mari yakawanda, yakaenzana nekuwanda kwegore negore rekugadzirwa kwenyika yakawanda yakabudirira. Uye pachake, Romanov yakawedzera zvakawanda kune zvido zvese-chimiro chezvikamu zvishanu mugoridhe rubles.

The Fatal Knot

Zvikuru zvekubhadhara mitero, izvo zvakazoita kuti kukurumidza kuwedzera kwehupfumi muumambo, hazvina kubvisa kushamwaridzana chete. "Zvokudya" yakarongwa kuparadzira mazana mana ezvakanaka zvipo zvechipo, umo maiva karoti, lollipops, nuts, sausages, saika uye mugoro wakaisvonaka, wakaitwa maererano neshoko rekupedzisira rekombiyuta iyo. Yaiva yesimbi (uye, naizvozvo, isingazungunuki, isingaperi) uye yakafukidzwa neenameri yakaoma, yakashongedzwa nekondo mbiri-musoro uye royal monogram.

Ndiani angangodaro akafunga kuti nekuda kwechipo ichi chakanakisisa chakasarudzwa, chisingabvumirwi nomunhu anoramba nhasi, kuchava nenjodzi chaiyo, njodzi yeKodynka?

Kugadzirira kwezororo uye kuputsa kweurongwa

Gare gare, kuongorora zvinokonzera rufu, vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakatsanangura kuti mhemberero dzakanga dzisina kugadzirirwa uye dzakarongeka. Nenzira imwe, izvi ndezvechokwadi, nokuti chikonzero chekuchema chinotaura pachako. Dambudziko reKodynka rakaunza kuti mukati mechina chechina cheawa 1389 vanhu vakapwanyika uye vakapwanyika mumhomho yevanhu, kukuvadzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwaive kuchiri 2690. Asi paivawo nemamiriro ezvinhu akadzikisa mhosva yevanoronga. Havagoni kubatwa mukusagadzikana kwakakwana, uye kupera kwedambudziko kwakatadzisa kuvepo kwekupindira. Kudzivisa kufamba kwevanhu kunofanirwa kuiswa masvingo uye kuchera matanho epamberi, kutarisa kurongeka muguta racho zvakakwana kumapurisa. Asi mauto, zvisinei, akanga asiri. Chiitiko chekubata zviitiko zvakafanana zvakaitika makore gumi namatatu akapfuura (ipapo Alexander III akange akapfekedzwa korona) haana kureva kune chero njodzi dzinokosha, ipapo zvose zvakanyarara zvinyararire uye norugare, vanhu vakamira mumitsetse, vakagamuchira zvipo uye vakapararira.

Dambudziko reKoxdynka ra1896 rakaitika maererano nekusanzwisisika kwekusangana kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Mumwe kubva kune vatariri veimwe rematende zana nemakumi mashanu ekuparadzira akatanga kugovera masero kune avo vaine shamwari, vasingatarisiri nguva iyoyo, uye kunyange kazhinji kazhinji mune rumwe rutivi. Vanhu (vamwe vavo vakanga vakadhakwa), avo vakanga vaungana mumunda weK Khodynka kubvira manheru, vakacherechedza izvi ndokumukira. Ipapo uyo ane mhosva akaedza kururamisa kutarisa uye akatanga kubudisa nguva mberi. Urongwa hwakanga hwakaputsika, kupwanya kwakatanga.

Migumisiro

Dambudziko reKoxdynka rakaisa mutongi uyu achangobva korona kuti ave muvhiringidzi. Mamiriro ezvinhu akawedzererwa nechokuti musi iwoyo musangano unokosha wekunze kwenyika pamwe nemumiriri weFrance wakarongeka, wakagadzirirwa kusati kwaitika, uye kuregererwa kwahwo kunogona kukonzera matambudziko ezvematongerwo enyika. Mambo nemudzimai wake vaifanira kuenda kuMelbelbello ndokupinda bhora mushure mekugamuchira. Gare gare, mabhizimisi ehurukuro akashandura chokwadi ichi sekuratidzwa kweimwe "kufara" kwemadzimambo panguva yekushungurudzika kwevanhu. Kwete, Nicholas II haana kukanganwa pamusoro pevanhu, asi akaisa zvido zveRussia kupfuura manzwiro evanhu. Zvechokwadi, njodzi yeKodynka yakaratidzwa naye senjodzi yemunhu oga, uye pakarepo mushure mekugadzwa kwemitemo yezvematongerwe enyika akaenda kundonzwisisa mamiriro ake ezvinhu. Dare rakanga rakarurama uye rinokurumidza. Heano mhinduro yacho:

- Mukuru wemapurisa akadzingwa, vanhu vane mhosva vanoendeswa kururamisiro. Mamiriro acho akanga asina kutarisirwa, asi zvose zvaifanira kutarisirwa.

- Mhuri dzevarwere dzakagamuchira ruble chiuru.

- Mhemberero mumakuva emunhu mumwechete akaitwa pamutengo wehurumende.

- Vana vane nherera vanoiswa muhomberi yamambo.

- Yose mamiriro ezvinhu emhosva yacho ndeyevanhu vose.

Vakasara ivo vanofanirwa nemashoko chaiwo. Hapana mumwe wavo akatonga zviremera kune zvakaitika. Vaingozvipa mhosva ivo nemakaro avo.