Diogenes weSinope: hunyengeri

Uyu muzivi ainzi Socrates, uyo akanga apenga. Akanga akangwara uye akapinza parurimi rwake, achicherechedza zvikanganiso zvose zvevanhu nemasangano. Diogenes Sinopsky, uyo mabasa ake akatiwana isu nenzira yezvinyorwa zvevanyori vekare, inonzi isingazivikanwi. Iye ose ari mucheche wezvokwadi uye sage kune waakazarura, munhu anokakavara uye muongorori achibatanidza hukama. Mune shoko, Munhu ane tsamba huru, ndiani anogona kudzidza zvakawanda uye zvemazuva ano vanhu, akajairika kune zvinobatsira zvekugadzirisa uye teknolojia.

Diogenes weSinop uye nzira yake yehupenyu

Vanhu vazhinji vanoyeuka kubva kuchikoro kuti Diogenes akanga ari murume aigara mumurongo pakati peAtenean square. Philosopher uye eccentric, iye, zvisinei, akarumbidzwa nokusingaperi mumazita ake nekuda kwezvaanodzidzisa, akazonzi nyika yose. Akatsoropodza zvikuru Plato, achitaura uyu scientist wekare wechiGiriki pamusoro pekukanganisa kwehuzivi hwake. Akazvidza kubwinya uye kushamwaridzana, akaseka avo vaiimba nhare dzepasi kuti varemekedzwe. Akasarudza kutungamirira nzira yehupenyu yehupenyu: imba yake yaiva doro revhu, iro rinogona kuonekwa pane agora. Diogenes Sinopsky aifamba zvakapoteredza mazano echiGiriki, uye akazviona ari mugari wenyika yose, kureva, yezvisikwa.

Nzira Yechokwadi

Diogenes, uyo uzivi hunoita sehupikisa uye husingazivikanwi (uye zvose nemhaka yekuti hatina kusvika pabasa rake mumutauro wepakutanga), waiva mudzidzi weAntisthenes. Nhoroondo inotaura kuti mudzidzisi pakutanga haana kufarira zvikuru jaya iro raitsvaga chokwadi. Zvose nokuti akanga ari mwanakomana wemushandisi wemari, uyo asina kungova mutirongo (nokuda kwekuita nemari), asi akanga asina zita rakanakisisa. Vanoremekedza Antisthenes vakaedza kudzinga mudzidzi mutsva, uye vakamutomesa netanda, asi Diogenes haana kubva panzvimbo yake. Aida kuziva, uye Antisthenes aifanira kuvhura kwaari. Chirongwa chake Diogenes Sinopsky aidavira kuti anofanira kupfuurira basa rababa vake, asi pane imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana. Kana baba vake vakaparadza mari yacho nenzira chaiyo, ipapo muzivi akatsunga kuparadza matanho ose akasimbiswa, kuparadza tsika uye kusarura. Akanga achida kubvisa kubva pakuziva kwevanhu tsika dzenhema dzakanga dzadyarwa naye. Kukudzwa, mukurumbira, upfumi - izvi zvose akafunga kuti zvakanyorwa zvenhema pamari yemari yakadzika mabhidhiyo.

Mugari wenyika uye shamwari yembwa

Ifiyofiyosi yaDiogenes weSinope inokosha uye inogonesa mukunzwisisa kwayo. Achizvidza zvinhu zvose zvenyama uye maitiro sezvaanoita, akagara mumunda. Ichokwadi, vamwe vanotsvakurudza vanodavira kuti yakanga isiri chirongo chisina kuwanikwa umo mvura kana waini yakachengetwa. Zvingangodaro, yaiva chirongo chikuru, icho chaive chiitiko chekukosha: munzanga yekare yaishandiswa kuvigwa. Nyanzvi yezvidzidzo yakaseka mitemo yakasimbiswa yezvokupfeka, mitemo yekufambisa, chitendero, mararamiro evanhu. Akararama sembwa-yezvipo, uye kazhinji aizviti iye mhuka ine makumbo mana. Nokuda kweizvi, iye ainzi anyerere (kubva muchiGiriki shoko kune imbwa). Upenyu hwake hunovhiringidzwa kwete nemamwe chete zvakavanzika, asiwo maitiro akaoma, ndiye hero yevakawanda vakawanda.

Zvinowanzoenderana nedzimwe dzidziso

Icho chinonyanya kukosha chedzidziso dzaDiogenes chinogona kukodzera mumutongo umwe: kurarama, zvigadzikane neainazvo, uye uzvionge nazvo. Diogenes Sinopsky ane utsinye mukubata unhu sekuratidzwa kwezvibatsiro zvisingakoshi. Pashure pezvose, munhu haafaniri kudzidza zvisingabatsiri (mimhanzi, kupenda, chifananidzo, nhetembo), asi iye pachake. Prometheus, uyo akaunza moto kune vanhu uye akavadzidzisa nzira yekugadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvinokosha uye zvisingakoshi, vaitenda kuti akangorangwa zvakarurama. Mushure mezvose, titanium yakabatsira munhu kuvaka zvinhu zvakaoma uye zvigadzirwa muhupenyu hwemazuva ano, pasina izvo zvingava zviri nyore kurarama. Muchizivo ichi chaDiogenes chakafanana neTaoism, dzidziso dzaRousseau naTolstoy, asi dzakanyanya kugadzikana mukuona.

Asingatyi kusvika pamusana pokusava nehanya, akanyarara akabvunza Alexander weMakedon (uyo akakunda nyika yake ndokuuya kuzoziva zvakajeka eccentric) kuti abve uye kwete kuvhara zuva. Dzidziso dzaDiogenes dzinobatsira kubvisa kutya uye kune vose vanoongorora mabasa ake. Shure kwezvose, mumugwagwa unoenda pakutsvaga kunaka, haana kubvisa chinhu chakanaka chezvinhu zvepanyika, akawana rusununguko rwetsika. Kunyanya, ndiyo yaiva mhedziso iyi yakagamuchirwa nevaSteiki, avo vakaiita iyo kuva pfungwa yakasiyana. Asi vaStoiki ivo havana kukwanisa kusiya zvose zvinobatsira zvevanhu vakabudirira.

Kufanana neAistotle yake yemazuva ano, Diogenes aifara. Haana kuparidza kubvisa kubva kuhupenyu, asi achingochechechecheza kubva kune imwe kunze, zvinhu zvisingabatsiri, nokudaro achiisa nheyo dzekutarisira uye nemaonero akanaka emamiriro ese ehupenyu. Kuva munhu ane simba zvikuru, muzivi webhari akanga ari wakatarisana zvakananga nevadzidzisi vaibata uye vanoremekedzwa nekudzidzisa kwavo kwakagadzirirwa vanhu vakanga vakaneta.

Zvinoreva huzivi hwemurume akachenjera kubva kuSinop

Chiedza chemwenje (kana chiedza, maererano nezvimwe zvinyorwa) izvo muzivi wechiGiriki wekare aitsvaga munhu masikati, kunyange munguva dzekare akazova muenzaniso wekuzvidza mitemo yevanhu. Uyu maonero chaiwo ehupenyu uye hutsika akakwezva vamwe vanhu vakava vatevedzeri ve madman. Uye iyo dzidziso chaiyo yeVatsoropodzi yakaonekwa senzira pfupi kupfuura dzose.