Dzidziso rwokuzvarwa mutemo

Dzidziso rwokuzvarwa mutemo yakatanga kune vekare. Related kuti dambudziko iri pfungwa kwatova muGirisi yekare (the vaSophist, Aristotle, Democritus, Socrates), China (moizm) uye Roma (weRoma magweta, Cicero).

Vamiririri dzidziso vanodavira kuti munhu kubva pakuberekwa ndezvaJehovha inalienable kodzero (kuupenyu, kuvimbika pachavo, muchato, rusununguko, pfuma, basa, kuenzana, etc.). Kodzero ava inalienable, mumwe anogona kuramba navo, kunze vanenge kurangwa mhosva. Vakanga vabva chaiye munhu sechinhu womudzimu uye wakasununguka.

Natural mutemo rinosanganisa kururama mukuru, uye nokudaro mitemo mamiriro haafaniri zvinopesana naye. Vanotsigira pfungwa iyi rinozivisa chinhu chakadai mutemo akanaka, iyo rwuripowo mitemo vagamuchirwa neHurumende.

Zvikuru vamiririri dzidziso - Rousseau, Radishchev, Montesquieu, Locke, Hobbes, Holbach, uye vamwe.

Dzidziso rwokuzvarwa mutemo zvinoratidzwa emitemo munyika dzakasiyana-siyana munyika, kusanganisira Russia. Somuenzaniso, muna Article 17 inoti kuti kodzero dzinokosha dziri inalienable uye nhengo vose kubva pakuzvarwa, Implementation kwavo haafaniri kuputsa kodzero dzevamwe.

Pari hapana kushorwa pakati akanaka uye dzinongoitika mutemo, nekuti chokutanga nechinangwa kudzivirira inokosha kodzero dzevanhu, hurumende mutemo yaivapo ukama muvanhu.

Dzidziso dzinongoitika mutemo uye chibvumirano munzanga kunyatsotevera bindepinde mumwe. Maererano contractual pfungwa, vanhu vari kwaita hurumende vakanga vakasununguka, vane kodzero risingagumi. Maererano bhuku "On the mugari" Hobbes, vanhu vakanga vari mumamiriro "hondo dzose pamusoro zvose," sezvo vari pachisikirwo dzavo vanowanzotevedzera kukuvadza mumwe. In zvepanyama hurumende kwenguva yakareba zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti, sezvo zvakaita kuti vaviri kuparadzwa. Naizvozvo, kuti vazvidzivirire, vakapa dzimwe kodzero kusvika mamiriro, vachipinda pasocial kondirakiti. State simba tinoberekwa mutemo haushandi, uye mutemo zvakanaka yakashandiswa kuitira aizoruramisira.

Kuwedzera kune inalienable kodzero wacho kuti yepanyama murairo zvinosanganisira socio-zvemari (semuenzaniso, rusununguko nokushamwaridzana munzvimbo mibatanidzwa mapato ezvematongerwo enyika, kodzero evanhu munharaunda).

Pane 3 pfungwa kunobva yepanyama mutemo. Maererano nomumwe wavo, izvozvo akazviratidza nokutungamirira kwaMwari. Pfungwa rwokuzvarwa mutemo wechipiri anoriona sezvinoita tsika uye mupfungwa kuti zvipenyu venyama. The wechitatu anosarudza sezvo kunobva mupfungwa dzevanhu.

Natural mutemo inobva anotevera nhungamiro:

• Ane kodzero mumuviri zvaichengetedza;
• uyu rinoshandisa rako pfungwa, izvo chete zvinogoneka apo kuramba chiremerera uye rukudzo;
• somunhu akangwara munhu, ari kushanda uye ane kodzero mugumisiro kwebasa iri;
• nokuti kuti vanhu ndivo chete, hapana haruchazovi kodzero;
• vanhu vanoti kodzero, anofanira kuziva navo uye vamwe;
• kudzivirira dzinongoitika kodzero kudiwa hurumende murau.

Dzidziso rwokuzvarwa mutemo kwakakosha, nokuti anoramba kuparadzana vanhu kupinda makirasi, mumagariro kusaruramisira. Vanhu vane kuenzana kwekodzero kudzivirirwa nomutemo. Chero kurwisa vanofanira nokupomerwa nokuda mhosva mutemo uye vehurumende.

Dzidziso rwokuzvarwa mutemo, kunze yepamutemo nenzvimbo, zvinoratidzwa mabasa dzakadai Declaration of Independence wenyika muUnited States 1776, Bill of Rights 1791, ari Declaration kodzero uye rusununguko mugari France, 1789, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinyorwa zvemitemo zhinji.