Dzorudo Tiutchev. Vavariro Lyric Tyutchev. nhetembo

Face vechiduku Fedor Tiutchev havazivi zvinenge munhu. Munguva Portraits iye anorondedzerwa kwake kuderera makore ane chakakomba, maziso zvinosuruvarisa vhudzi rive dete vhudzi, yakakwirira pahuma, minwe refu, miromo akaoma. Saka, chaizvoizvo, Tiutchev uye vakapinda nhetembo - chakakura uye vakura. debut ake anonzi kuva bhuku 24 mabasa ari 3rd uye mabhuku 4th "Contemporary" muna 1836.

Chii vaiva vavariro huru lyric Tyutchev? kunokosha zvakadini pfungwa pabasa rake? In "Denisevsky kutenderera" zvichakurukurwa sezvo wakajeka kupfuura muenzaniso kutaura manzwiro uye zvakaitika gamba iri nhetembo munyaya. Zviri nemabasa, yaisanganisira mariri, kupfuura zvakajeka uye zvakarurama kubudisa chaiyo lyric Tyutchev.

mudzimai wokutanga

Tiutchev akasiya Russia pazera nemapfumbamwe, iye akaenda Munich. Ikoko vakasangana Emilia Eleanor Botmer. Muna 1826, akaroora uye akabereka vanasikana vatatu pashure. Pakazopera 1837, Tiutchev akagadzwa mukuru munyori muna nokuTurin. Asati kuti, iye nemhuri yake vakashanyira Russia. Kubva ipapo, basa idzva Tiutchev akaenda oga, asi mudzimai wake nevana vakasiya achitarisirwa hama. Pakutanga aida kugadzirisa panzvimbo itsva. Eleanor navanasikana vake nechikepe nechikepe kubva St. Petersburg. Kwete kure kumahombekombe Prussia pakarepo moto rakatanga mundege. The steamer rikanyura. Eleanor vakaita heroically - akanunura vana. Zvisinei, vose mhuri zvomumwe aenda pasi. Nokukurumidza kutambura kubva mudzimai kuvhunduka Tiutchev vake vakarwara zvakakomba. Akafa pakupera August 1838. Kurasikirwa Fedor aiva kurwadziwa kukuru. Pano zvakatikwanira kutaura kuti iye akatendeuka zvachose pfumbu nemakore 35.

Manzwiro ari nyanduri

Vateveri "unyanzvi wakachena" vanoonekwa ne mukuru netsika, kunamata vakakwana mimwe weclassical, chivezwa, kupenda. Vari dzinoratidzwa kudanana chido kuti yakanaka kworunako, chido vabatane kutobaya, "mamwe" nyika. Nokuongorora nhetembo Tiutchev, unogona kuonekwa sechinhu mifananidzo mafungiro kwakaratidzwa basa rake. mabasa ake vari azadzwa nomutambo simba, tragical inzwi. Izvi zvose nokuda zvakaitika kuti takambova muupenyu hwangu Tiutchev. Dzorudo wakazvarwa kutambura, kurwadziwa zvechokwadi, manzwiro kuzvidemba uye mhosva, irreparable kurasikirwa.

"Denisevsky kutenderera"

Mabasa kuti vanobatanidzwa mairi, rinozivisa vose mavambo ose Tiutchev kuti lyric. Ivo vanonzi soro budiriro yose romanticism mubasa rake. Mabasa vakazvipira kuti manzwiro kuti nyanduri akamborara mumakore ake kwapera Elene Denisevoy. dzorudo ravo kwemakore gumi nemana. Akapedzisa rufu Elena Alexandrovna kuti rinodyiwa. Maziso ake akanga rokunyika nzanga ukama zvinonyadzisa, "mutemo". Naizvozvo, pashure mudetembi afa Denisiev akaramba mhosva pachake kuti akakonzera kutambura yomukadzi waanoda, akatadza adzivirirwe muedzo kwevanhu. rinoratidza zvakajeka yakadzika manzwiro munhetembo Tiutchev "Last Love":

Oh, kurutivi makore edu
Vanyoro tinoda, mashura ...
Chipenye, uvheneke, chiedza kunosuwisa
Love okupedzisira mambakwedza manheru!

The simba nako tambo kukanganisa muverengi, hunobva pachokwadi uye artlessness rwekutaura kuburikidza kutambura pfungwa yakadzika pamusoro tinongorarama kwemakore mashoma rakasiyana zvikuru mufaro raenda, zvinosuwisa, nokusingaperi. Rudo ari lyric Tyutchev anozviratidza sezvo mukuru chipo, rakavanzika. Hazvigoni kudzorwa, noshamisa, inofadza. Tayascheesya makadzika mweya isina kujeka chido pakarepo rinoputika putika chido. Self-chibayiro nounyoro kunogona kungoerekana kurichinja kuva "kurwa yenhamo". Kufa komukadzi anodiwa aiti zvido, zviroto. Colors zvoupenyu, kunyanya inopenya, Zvaparara pakarepo. Zvose izvi zvakarurama akabatwa fananidzo kuti anoshandisa Tiutchev. Poems nezverudo, apo murume chinofananidzwa shiri ine yakaputsika mapapiro, anobudisa pfungwa nehana okufirwa, kusabetsera uye maturo.

Ndiani aiva Elena Deniseva nyanduri?

About mukadzi uyu - chinovawana, chakavanzika, inorwadza uye vaneshungu rudo Tiutchev - anenge hapana anozivikanwa. Uye kuti tizive zvakawanda. Elena Denisiev ndekwaunogumira kuti anopfuura gumi mabasa akanyora Tiutchev. zvechokwadi dzorudo yakatsaurirwa mukadzi uyu akava Paaidzidzisa, mumwe chinokosha zvikuru Russian dzenhoroondo nhetembo remakore rechi19. nhamba kwakadaro mabasa - mugove mumwe mukadzi aida nomwoyo wose. Asi ichi ndicho chiduku pachavo overstrained mwoyo kunzwa. Mumakore upenyu nedambudziko rudo Elena, uye pashure afa waitirwa aiva Tiutchev. Zvichida Akamupa pfungwa zvishoma, asi aisagona kurarama pasina kwaari, yake shungu uye nounyoro.

Ukama manzwiro nyanduri

Panguva chaiyo Tiutchev aiva yakakura kudiwa. Pasina izvozvo hapana upenyu, aiva nechokwadi payo. Asi kudiwa yakanga isina rudo zvokuti sezvo kudiwa. Basa, akanyorwa yechi30 gore ( "Iri ndiro zuva, ndinoyeuka ..."), nyika itsva avhura kuti nyanduri. Nokuti iye, yakatanga upenyu hutsva. Asi izvi hazvina kuitika sezvo akanga rudo, asi nekuti akanzwa achida. Izvi zvinosimbiswa norwonzi yake:

"Rudo kureurura goridhe
Chitsiga kubva pazamu ... "

Nyika yachinja nechinguvana apo mudetembi akadzidza kuti rudo. With chiitiko ichi manzwiro anova zvinonzwisisika kusagutsikana vaya waiva naye munyoro, pedyo naye. Nokuti iye, paiva kuvimbika, asi haana kumutadzisa kusavimbika (uyewo kutengeswa kuvimbika haana kurambwa). Musoro rudo acho Tiutchev chokuita yemadhirama, kwenhema kuvimbika, kushingaira, uye kudzika kunzwa. vose vakayambuka upenyu nyanduri, kuwanikwa zvinoratidzwa basa rake.

kutsinga dzinouya maonero yedambudziko

In pakupopotedzana kuziva St George Tiutchev anoti, pasinei mukuru enhetembo hunhu Elena Alexandrovna, nhetembo, haana kuisa sendi vakawanda uye yake zvikurukuru. mabasa avo chete Denisiev akaona nomufaro, umo nyanduri manzwiro ake pamusoro wake, kutaura navo pachena uye pachena. Izvi zvaanofunga, akanga anokosha kwaari - kune yose akaziva zvakanga kwaari. Mutsamba yaakanyorera St George Tiutchev rinoti chakaitika pamusoro kufamba. Denisiev akaratidza chido kuti nyanduri zvakakomba atanga bhuku yechipiri mabasa ake, vachireurura panguva iyoyo, kuti zvingava kungozvifunga kuona zita rangu musoro racho. Asi pachinzvimbo achikudza, rudo uye kuonga kuti nyanduri vasingabvumirani, kunzwisisa kwake chido zvimwe unhinhi. Ainzwa kuti zvinodiwa ichi hachisi chaizvo rupo mariri nekuti, achiziva ukuru nhengo (Elena akati, "Imi muri angu", kureva nyanduri), haana zvakawanda gadzikana chero muchimiro akadhindwa mashoko hwokuti aigona kugumbura vamwe vanhu.

rufu Denisiev

The ukama Nyanduri pamwe Elenoy Aleksandrovnoy yakatora makore gumi nemana. Pakazopera nguva iyi Denisiev yakawanda kurwadziwa. Vakapona tsamba iye akanyora kuti munun'una wake. Mavari akadana Fyodor Ivanovich "Mwari wangu anodiwa." Vanotaura pamusoro chokwadi kuti pakupedzisira muzhizha hwake Denisiev mwanasikana, Lelia, anenge ose manheru pamwe mudetembi akaenda vatasve pachitsuwa, vakadzoka kunonoka. Elena uye kunakidzwa nayo, uye zvinosuruvarisa, nekuti iye akanga ari oga stuffy mukamuri kana nzanga akaparadzanisa chero mudzimai tsitsi aida kumuona. Muzhizha, saka riri kunyanya kutsvaka kwose. Petersburg akamukurudzira - zvinoreva kubva kunyorerana mudzimai wake wechipiri. Asi ipapo, kumwe, vakanzwisisa nokurohwa, uye naizvozvo asingakwanisi wokugadzirisa kunyange asati afa. Mwedzi miviri pashure pokufa St. George Denisiev Tiutchev I akanyora kuti muupenyu Elena Alexandrovna chete aiva munhu akarurama nokuda yake rudo chete vanoziva pachavo.

Mudetembi wacho upenyu pashure pokufa Elena Alexandrovna

Denisiev akafa muna 1864, gore, musi 4 August. Mukutanga October, mune tsamba St. George Tiutchev anonyora pamusoro dzakadururwa manzwiro "nzara nzara." Akanga asina vakararama, vanga haana kuporesa. Ainzwa chinorwadza jerk, mupenyu maturo. Zvinoratidza dzorudo Tiutchev. nhetembo All inoratidza hondo dzakarwiwa ipapo nokupererwa. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti vhiki mushure tsamba kuna St. George mudetembi akanyora mitsetse vakazvipira Akinfiev. Asi basa iri chete anogona anoratidza kudikanwa nokuda vanhu, kunyanya nevakadzi, izvo, chokwadi, haana kusiya Fedor nokusingaperi. Pasinei ichi chokunze sociability, rudo uye talkativeness, gaping maturo mukati. Pakafa Denisiev Tyutchev rudo mashoko anoratidza kufa kwechibereko mweya wake, patainzwa mwoyo uye nekusagona kuziva pacharo. Asi panguva imwecheteyo kurarama kutambura, kutadza kunzwa pfungwa simba aishora Denisiev. izvi zvose kwakaratidzwa mitsetse ake "vakarwadzisa kurega kunotanga."

Mukupera June, Tiutchev akabvuma mune tsamba St. George kuti hapana zuva rimwe chete vakapfuura pasina iye vanonetseka kuti vanhu vanogona kuramba achirarama, kunyange zvazvo "mabvarura mwoyo uye musoro akagura." Makore gumi namashanu apfuura kubva pazuva Denisiev rufu. Muzhizha, iye vakarangarira rufu maviri gore dzokuchema hungiso ake. In St. Petersburg musi July 15, akanyora, "Nhasi, mumwe makore gumi namashanu papfuura ...". Third August Ovstug akanyora mitsetse pamusoro kwokuomerwa mutoro wake ndangariro pazuva yenhamo zuva.

Kuchema mu mabasa nyanduri

Tiutchev akanga kwava nyore ose zuva. hama dzake akacherechedza kushatirwa nyanduri: aida zvikuru tsitsi naye. Mune imwe tsamba, iye anotaura shakiness tsinga, nekusagona abate chinyoreso muruoko rwake. Kwapera nguva, mudetembi anonyora pamusoro sei pathetic uye uzvidzwe vanhu avo kukwanisa kurarama zvose. Asi mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, mundima kuna Bludova akanyora kuti "kurarama - hazvirevi kuti kurarama." Gare gare muna mitsetse yake, achaita kutaura nekutambura kwakaita mweya wake.

Rufu nyanduri

Tiutchev mutoro kune pfungwa kuenda kune imwe nyika. Akati kuti pane zviri kuipa, kunyange zvakajeka ainzwa maturo ichi. mudzimai wake wechipiri, iye akanyora kuti mashoko kuti inonyanya sabvumika; atsamwa anovandudza pamusoro kuneta akanzwa pashure kuedza zvose kuti zvimwe kuvaraidza pachavo. Makore akapfuura. Nokufamba kwenguva, zita tsamba kuna Elena Alexandrovna nokupera. Tiutchev aifanira kurarama refu chaizvo. Mudetembi akafa muna 1873, muna July.

Dzorudo Tiutchev okupedzisira oupenyu hwake yave zvizere manzwiro. In pemitsara kuti vakazvipira vakadzi siyana (mu tsamba Elena Uslar-Bogdanova, jokingly anoshanda kune Grand Duchess, madrigals kuna Akinfevoy-Gorcchakova), runoratidzwa chete "kufungisisa", kupenya uye mimvuri, chiedza kufema wokupedzisira simba uye nemanzwiro Nyanduri Elena Denisiev. nhetembo ake ose akazotevera vaiva vachiedza kuzadza maturo kwemoyo, iyo yakaumbwa mushure kuenda rwomukadzi waaida inongova.

"Denisevsky kutenderera" - inoshamisa Monument mukadzi

Elena akafuridzirwa vadetembi kwemakore gumi nemana. Zviri ikozvino zvakaoma kutonga kudzika manzwiro uye Tiutchev Denisiev mumwe. ukama hwavo yakanyanya wokumwe, isinganzwisisiki kune vazhinji. Asi rudo urwu aiva nyanduri wacho upenyu. Zviri kunyanya kuoma aiva Elena Alexandrovna - mune nyaya dzakadaro, kazhinji kuvheneka kupembedza murume nomukadzi mhosva. Pasinei nematambudziko ose oupenyu, kunzwisisa, vamwe chibayiro, zvinorwadza, zvose kuti akaratidza rudo nhetembo Tiutchev (ndima), iri zvapararira nounyoro, vachidedera achikudza mumwe. Mabasa iyi vaiva enhetembo zvechokwadi Paaidzidzisa mabhuku nyika.

Vavariro huru lyric Tyutchev uye Turgenev. A pfupi tsananguro okufananidza

Features Tyutchev nhetembo wakaratidzwa chokwadi kuti manzwiro aiva hwemafaro uye mwoyo, uye makakatanwa akatakura mufaro kwevanhu uye kutambura naye. Uye mutambo zvose izvi kutaurwa mitsetse vakazvipira Denisiev. Kuramba rakamanikana kuzviitira nokuongorora mukadzi waanoda, anotsvaka chinangwa zvinoratidza wake kuzivikanwa, nyika yake yomukati. Mudetembi nezvokuti tsananguro dzavo zvakaitika kuburikidza kupinda pedyo mumudzimu kumukadzi. Richirondedzera zviratidzo kunzwa, rinozivisa nyika yake yomukati.

Psychological maumbirwe waunofarira "Denisevskom kutenderera" yakafanana Turgenev kuti heroines. Uye Turgenev, Tyutchev uye kunzwa - "yenhamo kurwisana". Asi apo wokutanga chipo nhoroondo nemagariro kutonhodza zviri nomumwe nokure pfungwa. Mupfungwa ezvinhu, sezvinoratidzwa mabasa Turgenev, akaratidza mufananidzo chaicho ukama pakati vanhu 50-60-ies. Akabuda ari kunzwisisa basa rokutungamirira madenderedzwa yomukadzi kwakamirira.

In kufungisisa ake pamusoro nhamba vakadzi, hunhu hwavo, Tiutchev pedyo Turgenev. Saka, zviri kufarirwa mu "Denisevskom kutenderera" afanane heroine nyaya "misangano Three". Epfungwa vakadzi mabasa Fyodor Ivanovich kunoratidza kwete chete yezvisikwa asiwo pauzima anokudzwa gamba iri 50s, mifananidzo iri nyaya iri nguva mabasa Ostrovsky, Goncharov, Turgenev. Uduku hunhu kunoonekwa inovava kuzvidzora kutsoropodzwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, rinooneka zvakawedzerwa convergence mitsetse Tyutcheva nemabasa Turgeneva apo akaratidza rudo kutambura.

mhedziso

Fedor Ivaanovich Tyutchev akarumbidza simba kunzwa ari mukadzi. Ndiyo yaiva chikuru chinhu kwaari. musikana wake mundima akaonekwa rakaita heroine rudo rwechokwadi. Naizvozvo kwakachengetwa kodzero dzayo kunzwa, kuti arwe naye. The heroine kworudo rwake kunoratidza pacharo, nepaunogona unhu uye kuita. Kunzwa pacharo rinoratidza nyanduri uye simba munhu womukati, uye sei mafungiro kuti yakabuda pakati vanhu, asi anozvininpisira pachena simba.

Tiutchev magamba - vanhu vari kubvisa muupenyu, uye zvakajairika, simba uye simba panguva imwe chete, asi havakwanisi kukanganisika kuti tangle nokupokanidzana. Dzorudo Tiutchev ndomumwe yakanakisisa mabasa Russian enhetembo mabhuku. Mabasa ake kunokanganisa hariperi kupfuma yomutauro wokuRussia. Pamwe chete zvinhu izvi Tyutcheva ukama ayo wakaoma unyanzvi nhetembo.

NdiTolstoy, vachitaura pamusoro nyanduri anobvuma zvinoyevedza tarenda rake uye aikanganiswa wake miziyamu. Akakurudzira Vanyori vechiduku vanodzidza unyanzvi ichi uchinyatsobatanidzwa sangana chimiro uye kugutsikana. Topics nhetembo Tiutchev pamwe kuwedzera yakaisvonaka, pfungwa nomuti pamusoro nguva. Not akapfuura pasina Nyanduri uye zvakaitika Russian realism. Ndakapedza nguva romanticism, nhetembo dzake Tiutchev hakungogumiri nemiganhu yayo. A nyanduri anova yorudzii harbinger ari kutanga kunyorwa sangano yakabuda pakutanga kwezana navapfumbamwe uye emakore maviri.