EchiArabhu uye zvaanoreva

Arab (Alifbo muna Arabic) nzvanyira (kureva, chete emakonzonendi zvakanyorwa) kunyora tsamba, kushandiswa mutauro Arabic uye navamwe, ndiyo chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma kunyora enyika panguva iyoyo. Modern echiArabic - multi-vector chinonakidza. Zvisinei, mashoko echiArabhu uchipinda misha kubva munzvimbo kukurukurirana, apo pane mumwe mutauro unonyanya.

Musimboti ari echiArabic

Maitiro zviri echiArabic:

1. Left mirayiridzo - tsamba dzinozivikanwa anoenda kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe.
2. A yakawanda superscripts uye subscripts pfungwa - dzomutauro, hwakasikwa kuziva havaratidzi distinguishable tsamba uye pakusika vatambi vatsva.
3. Italic mhando kunyora, kushaya "zvokudya" uye uppercase tsamba. Uye tatsveyamisa (Fusion) kunyora Arabic Hakupindirani: vamwe vatambi Arabic vari pamwechete navamwe kana bedzi kudivi kuruboshwe kana kurudyi bedzi.
4. Allographs - kuchinja tsamba. It kunobva nzvimbo yavo shoko - pakupedzisira, pakati, kutanga kana voga.

Modern Arabic arufabheti ine emakonzonendi maviri nemasere uye Semi-nzvanyira tsamba, uyewo diacritical mavanga somunhu Superscript kana Subscript Dots, madenderedzwa, dashes midzi munyika nearufabheti ezvinhu pashure vatendeukira Islam kana kuti kubvuma zvimwe nemavara uye ruzha, kana kuti kuratidza mavhawero vaine maonero yakarurama kwemashoko acho mutsvene Koran.

History of echiArabic.

In sainzi, zvinonzi vaidavira kuti pakanga Arabic kunyora pahwaro Nabataean nearufabheti (zana remakore rechina BC -.. The rokutanga remakore AD), Asi usaramba nhoroondo uye yekare netsika tsamba muSiriya, uyewo manyorero pedyo tsamba matsvene bhuku "Avesta".

Saka, arabitsa akasimuka pamberi veMubatanidzwa chitendero nyika yakaita Islam. MuSoviet Union ane manyorero kunobva echiArabic rakarambidzwa 1928 kubudikidza chirevo Central Executive Committee uye CPC, uye vanyori modernized arabitsy vaidzvinyirirwa. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti, kuti hapana kunze Tatar SSR, ari yaitsiva echiArabic (Alifbo) tsamba Latin (Yanalif) haana kukonzera nemishonga zvikuru. Maererano nenhamba, vanenge vanomwe muzana yevagari nyika anoshandisa echiArabhu.

mutauro Arabic: yayo yose kukosha

Arabic (Arabic Shanduro اللغة العربية, verenga se "al-luġa al-'arabiya") ndiwo mutauro oukuru bazi Afro-asiatic mutauro mhuri. Kuwanda vakurukuri ane mutauro wakapiwa wayo tumitauro ndiyo inenge kumativi matatu namakumi mamiriyoni (sezvo mutauro awekutanga), uye kunyange vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni mashanu anoshandisa Arabic sezvo mutauro wechipiri yokukurukura. Classical Arabic - mutauro Mutsvene Korani - vari kuramba kushandiswa dzechitendero mudungwe uye minyengetero vateveri Islam munyika (uwandu vechiMuslim kumativi hafu bhiriyoni). Sezvo makarekare zvikamira wandei mutauro wakada nekutatamura uye zvakasiyana-siyana.

Tumitauro mutauro Arabic

Modern kwezuva nezuva Arabic remutauro rakakamurwa subgroups mashanu, chaizvoizvo, muri vakaparadzana mitauro kubva philological nemaonero:

• Maghreb mutauro Variants.
• Sudanese-Egyptian tumitauro.
• Iraqi-Mesopotamian tumitauro.
• Arabian Group tumitauro.
• Central kudziyisa Asian mutauro mapoka.

Maghreb remutauro ndohwaJehovha kumadokero boka, mumwe - kusvikira kumabvazuva boka tumitauro mutauro Arabic. tumitauro Arabic ndivo ruzhinji munyika makumi maviri kunyika Eastern, iyo akachipa mamiriro yepamutemo uye inoshandiswa masangano administrative uye matare.

Korani sezvikonzero arabitsy

Mugore Arab ngano Allah Wemasimbaose akasika tsamba dzikavatambidza kuna Adam, Ndichivanza kubva ngirozi. Musiki Arabic kunyora dzimwe nguva vaiona usingagoni kuverenga uye kunyora Muporofita Muhammad kana ake pachake mubatsiri.

Maererano Arabic mitauro tsika, kutaura zvazviri Arabic tsamba siyana vari hira, chikuru guta Dahmidskogo ehurumende, uye akave akakudziridza mberi pakati pezana remakore rechinomwe, kana chikuru zvokurekodhwa Korani (651).

Korani (kubva Arabic anoshandura sezvo قرآن - verenga) rinogonawo rakabudiswa pasi unoti The bhuku dzvene kana shoko nenyasha. Hazvisi zana gumi chokuita mukati zvinoreva zvitsauko (suras muchiArabic). Sura, akavapindurawo, akaumbwa ayahs (ndima) uye akarongwa nokuburuka hurongwa nhamba yendima.

In 631 AD Rakavakwa muchiuto-vezvitendero mamiriro Arabhu Caliphate, uye Arabic kunyora anowana kukosha yose, uye panguva iyoyo nayo chitonge Middle East. Capital of Arab Nyanzvi dzemitauro akanga Iraq (Basra uye Kufa).

Muzana remakore rechinomwe Basra mugari Abul-Asuad al-duals chakaunzwa Arab vatambi Mido kunyora pfupi mavhawero. Panenge iyoyo nguva Nasr ibn Asym uye Yahya ibn Yamara tega kwegadziriro diacritical zvinoratidza kusiyanisa nhamba akafanana tsamba grapheme.

Muzana remakore rechisere, mumwe mugari weguta Basra al-KHALIL ibn Ahmad nani kunyora pfupi mavhawero. maitiro ake yasvika chipo uye kunyanya kushandiswa kunyorwa Koran magwaro, lyrical uye magwaro edzidzo.

EchiArabhu uye zvaanoreva

Mazwi anotevera mienzaniso dzepamusorosoro arabitsy:

• الحب - rudo;
• راحة - nyaradzo;
• السعادة - mufaro;
• الازدهار - KWAHWO;
• فرح - mufaro (zvakanaka kumunetsawo);
• الأسرة - mhuri.

Arab vatambi vane maBhaibheri Russian zviri nyore kuwana mune zvedzidzo kwenyanzvi maduramazwi. In Arabic, yakawanda pakutanga manyorero (kubva mutauro Arabic خط hatṭ «Line"), revane zviri:

• Nash (نسخ «kumusoro") chinhu chaiwo Arabic kunyora uye anoshandiswa kugadzira mashoko okudhinda pasimbi;
• nasta'liq kunyanya anoremekedzwa muna Iran, apo pane Shiite Islam;
• Maghribi (nyika dzakadai Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia);
• Kufi (Arabic كوفي, pamusoro mazita guta geogr Kufa ..) - Masayendisiti anodavira yayo yekare manyorero, zvinhu ake mwero uye akanatswa.

EchiArabhu uchatamisa

Funga mimwe mienzaniso mashoko Arabic. vatambi Arabic vavo zvinoreva Russian nguva dzose dzakapiwa rive emashoko.

Dzakasiyana-siyana Arabic manyorero

Kwemazana emakore akawanda ekare pfungwa yacho Arab-nhungamiro kunyora tsamba zvinozadzisa mumutsetse, vaviri imwe. zvakanyorwa disproportionately pfungwa. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti echiArabic uchiumba chidzoke hwemazuva mugadziriro shorthand kunyora uye Coding.

A yakawanda manyorerwo mutauro Arabic anogona kutsanangura chaizvo peculiarities ayo uye mutauro kusiyana. The sekamufarenzi of Maghreb kunyora mamwe masayendisiti akawana Berber-Libyan pesvedzero ari diagonal "nasta'liq" - nhaka pakati Avesta manyorero.

Very raidudzwa mativi pepa rehurukuro riri echiArabic anowana zvikurukuru Central Asia, apo ingave vakajairana Chinese manyorero shanfan mativi dachzhuan, uyewo Tibetan hurongwa pakba kunyora. Vazhinji kunyora hurongwa kukanganiswa vechiArabhu vatambi. Photo arabitsy anogona kuwanikwa munyaya uye mumabhuku.