Esimbi chisungo

Pakugadzirwa kwemakemikari Muitiro unobatanidza Erekitironi arambe achirema, izvo pakutanga aiva akasiyana maatomu, vari redistributed mune nzvimbo. kuwadzana zvishoma zvakasimba chete kwokunze chinoumba-pamwero maerekitironi. Kuti basa guru iri nokuumbwa kwemakemikari zvisungo. Maerekitironi kuti vanobatanidzwa munyaya iyi dzinonzi Valencia. Asi iye wakange makemikari chisungo - Valencia. Panguva p- uye s-zvinoriumba vari zvokunze Valence maerekitironi mu d-zvinhu - wokupedzisira (kwokunze) s- Penultimate uye d-maerekitironi. Pane maatomu zvakawanda kana zvishoma yakatsiga. Ekupedzisira vanosanganisira avo rukoko yokunze rine kunonyanyisa nhamba maerekitironi (maviri navasere). Izvi pamwero anonzi kwakakwana. Finished nhanho dzinoratidzwa nesimba yepamusorosoro. Ivo dzinoratidzwa kubudikidza maatomu yomuchinda magasi, maererano nako pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu avo ezvinhu ari monatomic inert gasi.

Nokuti dzimwe mabhomba zvinhu chakanangana konekwa siyana. Nokufamba makemikari maitiro kunoitika kupera kwevari nechitarisiko tsika. Izvi asvika kana kwechirwere, kana kuwedzera maerekitironi. Kupera zvese zvinogona kugoveranwa nokuita vaviri vaviri. Nzira iyi inobatsira kuti paumbwe maviri Mhando zvikuru pakukurukurirana: Ionic uye covalent. In paumbwe Morekuru, nokudaro, maatomu vari kuedza kuwana yakatsiga Erekitironi goko (yokunze) kana vosmielektronnuyu kana maviri-Erekitironi. muenzaniso uyu ndiyo hwaro dzidziso nokuumbwa kwemakemikari zvisungo. inotungamirwa ndakapedza Valence rokunze rukoko iri dzazvinogara maatomu achabatsirwa nokusunungurwa zvinokosha yakawanda simba. The inotungamirwa kwemakemikari chokuedza, mune mamwe mazwi, nguva dzose anoenderera exothermically, nokuti kuti mamorekuru kuonekwa (nezvimedu itsva), vane chikuru kugadzikana pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu.

Somumwe zviratidzi anokosha kuti kuona chimiro kukurukurirana, anoita electronegativity. Kukwanisa ane atomu kukwezva maerekitironi vemamwe maatomu. Electronegativity shanduko kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Saka, panguva ino kukosha ichi indekisi inowedzera kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi. Kuderedza tsika kunoitika mumapoka pasi. By covalent yeimwe dzinosanganisira paumbwe kuburikidza wezvamatongerwe tichisunga (zvachose) Erekitironi yezvinoita.

pane esimbi namakemikari zvisungo mu mvura, yakasimba mune simbi. Maererano nezvenzvimbo periodic ino, zvinhu zviri mubvunzo maatomu vane shoma iri Valence maerekitironi (rimwe matatu). Mukuwedzera, vakadaro, uye simba shoma "Erekitironi yokuzviparadzanisa" (ionization). Naizvozvo, esimbi chisungo - ndiko kusimba kubatana. Maerekitironi iri atomu dzinoitwa zvakaneta adonhe zvikuru nyore, apo vane mukana famba pasi sekristaro. The esimbi chisungo kunosanganisira Kuwanikwa maatomu. Part of Valence maerekitironi rusununguko tichikwanisa mahara kufamba mukati sekristaro yekamuri, vanoumba "Erekitironi gasi". Achibatsirwa imwe esimbi chisungo aumbwa. Pane here nokuda "socialization" Valence maerekitironi kuti maatomu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti simbi chisungo ine maitiro ayo. Saka, wezvamatongerwe maerekitironi ayo anokwanisa kufamba kusvikira vhoriyamu maatomu akafanana. Panyaya iyi, zvacho kuwana wandei noruzhinji zvinhu. Zvikurukuru, izvi zvinosanganisira kubwinya, zvakanaka zvemagetsi conductivity, chafariz conductivity, ductility, malleability, uye vamwe. Metal zvinhu kukurukura kunoita hwakanyatsorwisa yakakwirira kushinga.