Frenk Nayt: "Risk, Kusava nechokwadi uye Profit"

Nayt Frenk kunoonekwa sechinhu chaiwo hwenyika ano. Uye hazvishamisi - murume systematized hombe rakawanda data, pahwaro iyo zvino anoshanda mabhizimisi zvose vachibudirira (kana vachizviziva kana kuti kwete). It pane nhaka ravakwa huru yesayenzi, ramakagadzwa kanoda inogarwa rimwe bhuku. Frenk Nayt, "Risk, Kusava nechokwadi uye Profit" akasikwa ari basa umo zvinokosha Entrepreneurship uye outputs munhu ndinoiitawo. Asi zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga.

Ndiani Frenk Nayt

Uyu murume akazvarwa muna 1885 mumhuri murimi Irish vaigara munharaunda US rweIllinois. Aiva mwana vana gumi okutanga. Maererano nemishumo, Frenk Nayt kusiyaniswa chinokosha yorusununguko mupfungwa uye dzidzo. Uyezve, akaratidza basa anoshingaira nesimba uye yakawanda ungwaru, zvokuti ndava vapase. Pakutanga ndanyoresa pana Cornell University muna 1913 uye akatanga kudzidza uzivi. Kwapera gore, iye kushandisa dzezvoupfumi. Nechekare muna 1916 akanyora chinyorwa. Rainzi "Dzidziso entrepreneurial tsika uye kuparadzira", izvo akabvumira kunyange zvino kutonga kufara uye kudzama ruzivo rwake. Saka ndakatanga kuumba Frenk Nayt, imwe Economist. Zvichemo zvake "dzidziso ..." navamwe yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita akauya uye yakabudiswa muna 1921 mubhuku "Risk, Kusava nechokwadi uye Profit".

Specificity zvoupfumi dzidziso

Frenk Nayt akachinja mashoko munzvimbo yakachena abstraction. Nokuti akanga yakawanda zivo mumagakava sayenzi, uzivi uye zvechitendero, akaita nhamba pfungwa dzinonakidza kuti inoshandawo matambudziko nokusingaperi zvoupfumi dzidziso. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa imwe duality. Saka, pane rumwe rutivi zvoupfumi pfungwa yakanga sechinhu yakaisvonaka nesayenzi. Zvaidavirwa kuti rinotaura kugumisa kuti zvawave wakasuduruka zvimwe zvokudya hurongwa kuti hadzina akaiswa mubvunzo. Ukuwo, hazvina zvakurukurwa mashoko netsika, masangano uye kwemitemo. Nzira mbiri idzi hadzisi primeronnymi uye organically anotsigira pacharo. Kunyatsodzidza kuongorora mabasa zvakaoma kuona kuti pfungwa maonero chokutanga rikunde.

Nemhaka yake, uye pakutanga kuzivikanwa Frenk Nayt. Unotiranga zvaanofunga, ane basa rakasiyana nemamwe hunhu. Saka, anowana guta haagoni kuverenga pachiimbwa rendi, kufarira uye mubayiro. Izvi imhaka yokuti Tingawaneiko nguva dzose ane chinhu chokwadi. Cherechedzai rwakabhadharwa kuna chaizvo unhu. Chokutanga, tinofanira kucherechedza musiyano chokwadi uye ngozi. Saka, kutanga hazvigoni kutaurwa chero nhamba, nokuti hwaro chokwadi muri dzisiri inodzokororwa zviitiko. Ngozi chinogona kutaurwa nhamba uye insured (kureva, potse zvachose). Zvinonetsa nechokwadi, pakutanga kwezvose, musika ezvinhu , uye chinhu chinokosha pfuma yose zvoupfumi. Apa pane nuances dzinonakidza.

The chaizvo pakati dzidziso chokwadi uye mubereko

Kana zvose kwave zvakajeka, ipapo asingadi vanofanira kutarisira uye rokudzora ano pfungwa nemashoko aya. Raw zvinhu, zvinhu uye mabasa kuti nyore kuenda vatengi. Saka, zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti zvakanakira dziri kumusika. Sezvo hwaro sarudzo dziri nezvakafanotaurwa nezvinodiwa vatengi. Kureva mugadziri paanotarisira kuriritira mutengi. Kuzvidzora uye kutarisirwa panguva imwe chete basa boka duku - Entrepreneurs. Nokuda nechokwadi mibvunzo kwavari pamusoro chii uye sei kubereka. Confident vanhu vanotora pangozi uye kupa vasina chokwadi uye vanotya vamiriri kwevanhu pamwero mari mukutsinhana kuchiitirwa mugumisiro.

The chaizvo rinonzi "Risk, kusaziva uye mubereko"

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti haisi pfungwa zvakajeka inogona wakazopinzwa muenzaniso wakakwana pasina zvikanganiso. Naizvozvo, vanyori anoratidza ari chikamu chebhuku dzidziso yakakwana makwikwi wechipiri. Chikamu ichi yakadzika, akajeka uye panguva imwe chete pfupi. Pano zvichanzi kupatsanurwa pamwe kukwana makwikwi, pangozi uye chokwadi. Izvi zvose zvinoitika nokushandiswa nzira kukunda matambudziko enguva upfumi. Pfungwa iri kubhadharwa kwete / insurable njodzi. Vaiona nuances ayo uye yakananga zvinhu.

Ani Ndinogona vanokurudzira bhuku, rakanyorwa Nayt Frenk

Moscow, Rostov, St. Petersburg - zvichida zvose Maguta aya akava rakanaka maonero (maererano zvakasiyana siyana zvinetso, MAFov, uye zvakafanana), kana machinda vanoziva basa "pangozi, kusaziva uye zvisingabatsiri." Pashure pezvose, bhuku rino iri kazhinji kubatsira kwete chete nokuda mamaneja, asi vamwe vazhinji vane zvisarudzo (akadai vehurumende). Pashure pezvose, vanofanira kugadzirisa ngozi, musoro izvo zvakanaka akafukidza basa iri. zvichava saizvozvo kufarira nevaongorori, dhigirii uye akapedza kudzidza vadzidzi vari kudzidza kumayunivhesiti upfumi nemunhu. Kutaura zvinhu zvakanaka, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kwakakura uchapupu dzidziso iri mberi rinotsigirwa kukakavara uye mashoko. Kuburikidza ichi bhuku kunzwisisa zvinhu munhu anogona ane zvishoma pfungwa hwenyika. Bhuku rine zvitsauko gumi, asi, pasinei ichi, vhoriyamu kwayo iri zviduku, saka kana uchida unogona kuona zviri nyore, kupedza zuva (kana kupfuura, kana uchiverenga nokungwarira). Zvino fungidzira kwamuri pfupiso.

Ko chikamu chokutanga

basa pacharo iri muzvikamu zvitatu. Tichataura pamusoro chikamu chokutanga, chine zvitsauko zviviri. Wokutanga inoongorora chii panzvimbo mhando batsiro uye nechokwadi zviri zvoupfumi dzidziso. Pano pane kunzwisisa dzidziso hypotheses dzakaitwa munguva kukura nesayenzi, zvange yakatanga panguva yemunyori upenyu. Wechipiri chitsauko inotaura kudzidza dzidziso purofiti, uye anovamba kubatana pakati payo uye ngozi.

Zvinotaurwa chechipiri

Tinotanga chete chitsauko chechitatu. Inoongorora Kusarudza uye Exchange dzidziso. Chitsauko wechina rakazvipira co-kugadzirwa uye capitalization. Pane chiri akateerera mubvunzo kuti sei vanhu vakasiyana sarudzo dzavo vachida zvimwe zvigadzirwa kuparadzirwa zvinobatsira. Chitsauko wechishanu iri kukanganiswa zveupfumi kuchinja. Mukuwedzera vaiona chii yaizova mberi tisina chokwadi. Muchitsauko rechitanhatu isu akateerera zviduku prerequisites hwakakwana makwikwi.

Ko chetatu

Unenge chitsauko wechinomwe. Pano ndiwo nechokwadi uye ngozi. Chinofanira verenga kuti kunzwisisa chitsauko rechisere. Mariri pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna zvigadziriswe uye nzira kukurira nechokwadi. Muchitsauko repfumbamwe anoongorora kambani uye purofiti. zvichida iyi ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo kuchiva okureva vanoita akawanda uye vaya vanoda kuva. chitsauko wegumi kunongova kuenderera wepfumbamwe, asi pano pfungwa inobhadharwa mamaneja vanogara pamusoro Payroll. Panewo munyori inonyanya pamusoro illusory zviri kurapa vachida. In regumi chitsauko pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna nechokwadi uye munzanga mberi. Handiti, kuchinja zvose tsime matambudziko, uye zvinogona kuwanikwa reserves mu mabhizimisi. Mugore rechigumi nemaviri chitsauko pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna evanhu chokuita nechokwadi uye zvisingabatsiri.