General Almazov (Grishin-Almazov Alexey Nikolaevich): biography. The Siberia Army. White movement

Aleksey Nikolayevich Almazov akaberekwa musi waNovember 24, 1880 mumhuri yeTambov inokudzwa. Baba vake vaiva mumiririri (munyori wevadzidzi). Kusiyana nemuenzaniso uyu, mwanakomana akasarudza kupa upenyu hwake kuhondo. Akatanga kudzidza ku Voronezh-Mikhailovsky Cadet Corps, uye muna 1902 akapedza kudzidza kubva kuMikhailovsky Artillery School. Nguva iyi yose, zvisati zvamboitwa, General Almazov akapfeka zita rake chaiyo Grishin.

Hondo yeRusso-Japanese

Mukuru wechidiki haana kurasikirwa nenguva yaakagamuchira chigaro chevakuru vakuru. Muna 1904, hondo yeRusso-Japanese yakatanga. Alexei Grishin akanga ari mubasa muManchuria. Yakaipisisa muJapan mumushandirapamwe kwaari yaiva hondo yeLiaoyang (August 24 - Septemba 3, 1904).

Mauto eRussia akaedza kusunungura Port Arthur, asi mushure mokunge kukanganisa kwavo kwakatora nzvimbo dzekudzivirira. Pedyo neLiaoyang vakarwa neuto reJapan. Alexei Grishin aiva mumwe wevanhu vanopfuura 100 000 vaigara munyika iyo yaive muvengi. Hondo yeropa yakaunza kukanganisa kukuru kumativi maviri, asi vaRussia pakupedzisira vaifanira kudzokera.

Pamuganhu weHondo Yenyika Yekutanga

Mushure mokuguma kwehondo yeRussia-Japanese, ramangwana revarindi vese rakaramba riri pamiganhu yekumabvazuva kwenyika. Kwemakore matanhatu akashanda muAmur Military District uye akatarisira kudzidziswa kweboka rekuongorora, achidzidza zvakadzama muAmur Region neUssuri region.

Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga, iyo yakatanga muna 1914, yakamanikidza Grishin kusiya nzvimbo dzake dzekuzvarwa. Pakutanga akapa hurumende muSiberia Army Corps uye aiva mutevedzeri wemutungamiriri weiyo huru huru. MunaEpril 1915, Grishin yakaitwa mutungamiri. Yenguva yekuraira ibheti uye zvombo zvehondo. Mupurisa wacho akabatanidzwa mumabasa maviri ekudzivirira uye anokuvadza. Akagamuchira mirairo yakawanda nemakadhi, kusanganisira St. George Cross, iyo yakaendeswa kumukuru mukuru mushure mekumbiro kwemauto ake.

1917th

Nokurwisana, Grishin-Almazov Alexei Nikolayevich akanga atova mutungamiriri wenyika. Munguva yehupo hweHurumende yeHurumende, akaramba achibatana neRS (kunyange zvazvo akanga asiri nhengo yepati) uye akashora pachena neBolshevik. Mushure megore raOctober Revolution, mupurisa wacho akayeuchidzwa nezvechinzvimbo chake - akadzingwa kubva kuhondo yakashanda.

Hondo yakachena yakatora mairi iyo yakadzinga Grishin. Pakutanga akanga ari muVo volunteer Army, apo Gavhuna Mikhail Alekseev havana kumutumira kuSiberia kuti agadzirise basa repasi repasi rinopesana neBolshevik. Mupurisa akarega kuva zita rake - zvino akazozivikanwa seAlmazov.

Underground

Muchirimo cha1918, Gavhuna Almazov akatumirwa kuWest Siberian Commissioner of the Provisional Government, kwaakazova mukuru wevakuru vehondo. Mune imwe nyaya yevhiki, pasi pevhu rakaronga masero machena akawanda mumaguta akasiyana-siyana kubva Kansk kusvika kuOmsk. Pamwe neAlmazov, Siberia yaifamba neSocialist-Revolutionary Pavel Mikhailov, uyo akanga asarudzwa kusangano rakapararira.

Mapurisa ehurumende, aipikisana neBolshevik, aive mune imwe nyika iri kure uye isingabatsiri. Mukuru Almazov akatanga kushamwaridzana uye kubatana pakati pavo. Chikamu chakanyanya kuoma chebasa iri chaiva kutsvaga kwekupindira kwezvematongerwe enyika nehondo yekuona: avo vose pamwe chete vanotsigira pasi pevhu, iro mutumbi unoteerera. Pane imwe nzvimbo yakaderera, uye pane imwe nzvimbo inoratidza kuti, Almazov akakwanisa kubatanidza masero, ayo dzimwe nguva anotarisana kune mumwe nemumwe. Nguva yose iyi vaBolshevik vakamutsvaga, asi zvakadini zvavasina kuedza kutarisa pasi, zvakanga zvisiri nyore kubata pasi pevhu. Chero pose apo vafundisi vakabuda munzira yake, akapukunyuka maChekist.

Pamusoro weSiberia Army

Muna 1918, iyo yose yakachena yeSouth muSiberia yakanga yakamirira chiratidzo, kana nechisungo chekuisa mutauro wevaBolshevik? Kuvhiringidzwa kwake kwaiva kupesana kweCzechoslovakia Corps. Paakadzidza nezvekusateerera kwake, General Grishin-Almazov akarayira masangano ese pasi pedenga pasi pekutonga kwake kupandukira simba reSoviet. Musi waMay 28, 1918, mupurisa akazova mutungamiri wevarwi veWest Siberian Military District uye akaratidza kutsigira kwake kune Belo-Peasants. Izvo zvinotyisa zvakatanga kumativi ose.

MunaJune, Hurumende yeSiberia yakagadzirwa yakasikwa, uye mutungamiri weSiberia Army akavawo mushumiri wemauto. Almazov akazova musangano akanaka. Akataurira chirango chakasimba kupinda muuto, akachiita simba guru rinogona kugadzirisa kwete kurwisana nekurwiswa kwevarume veRobert Army, asiwo yekuenda kuzvimiririra kumavirira.

Unyanzvi hwegadziri

Pakazosvika zhizha ra1918 pasi pemurairo weAlmazov pakanga pane 60 000 vanhu. Pamwe pamwe nemakambani eCzechoslovak, hondo yakabvisa Siberia kubva kuBolshevik. Iye zvino Muchena akanga achigadzirira kuenda kunharaunda yeVolga, uye kubva ipapo kuti ataure kuMoscow.

Achiedza kuwedzera kuwedzera kwehukuru hweuto rake, A.N. Grishin-Almazov akasiya avo vaimbozvipira nokuzvidira ndokutanga kuunganidza vanhu vachikumbira, vachitarisa munzvimbo dzakasununguka. Kusiyana nemauto akarwisana nechepakati peHondo Yenyika Yenyika Yese, vagari vomunharaunda yacho vakanga vasina kunyanya kuparidzirwa kuparadzirwa kweBolshevik. Nguva yakaratidza kuti Almazov akatora chisarudzo chakanaka pane zvose zvingaita. Mukukurumidza kwa1918, veSiberia Army yakawedzera nemamwe vanhu 175 000.

Kurega

Kubva mune zvezvematongerwe enyika, Almazov akaramba ari mutongi wenyika uye mutsigiri wesimba rakasimba. Pane zviitiko apo, maererano nekuraira kwake, rwiyo "Mwari Save the Tsar!" Rakaitwa muuto, kunyange zvazvo maitiro akadaro akanga ari mauvais. Hurumende yainyanya kusara, asi mukuru wacho aidavira kuti mazwi eSistorian Revolutionaries nezvemauto ekutonga mauto mumamiriro ezvinhu ekutsvaga Hondo yeHurumende yaisakanganisika. Pfungwa iyi yakanga isingadikanwi nevashumiri uye Samara KOMCHU.

Gavhuna Almazov akanga ari munharaunda iyoyo yeBlack movement, iyo yakanga isingadi kupindira kwevatorwa vokunze muHondo Yenyika muRussia. Haanazeza kukakavadzana nehurumende yeBritain, zvichiratidza kuti haadi rubatsiro rweBritish. Aleksei Nikolaevich akanga akasiyana zvikuru nevamwe vaaishanda navo muhurumende. Kupesana kwake nevamwe vashumiri kwakaita kuti pave kusunungurwa kwevakuru, izvo zvakaitika musi waSeptember 5, 1918.

Alexey Almazov mudzimai wake

Kusatenda kweSocialist-Revolutionaries kwakamanikidza Almazov kuti abve kuSiberia ndokubatana neVa Volunteer Army yeAnton Denikin, iri kumaodzanyemba kweRussia. Achisiya, mukuru akasiya Omsk mudzimai wake Maria Alexandrovna (nee nee Zakharov). Akava shamwari neshamwari yaaida Kolchak Anna Timireva uye akapinda munharaunda yomukati weMutongi Mukuru weRussia.

Mudzimai weAlmazov akagara muOmsk kusvikira kusunungurwa kwevatsvene kubva muguta. Maria Alexandrovna akabva kumabvazuva kuKatchak chitima. Mukutanga kwa1920, akasungwa nepro-Soviet centre yezvematongerwe enyika inoshanda muIrkutsk. Almazova akanga ari mujeri ndokuona mazuva ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwaKolchak. Musikana uyu aiva nerusununguko - akange asunungurwa uye akakwanisa kutamira kuChina, kwaakabudisa memoiri yake. Handina kuona murume wangu naAlmazov.

Muzasi

MuEkaterinodar, uko Denikin aiva, Aleksey Almazov akatumirwa kuRomania muguta reIasi. Paiva nemusangano nevamiririri venyika dzeEntente uye nhume dze White White. Pachiitiko ichi, mutungamiri mukuru akaverenga mushumo mukuru pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda yeSiberia.

Pakupera kwa1918 Alexei Nikolaevich akava gavhuna wemauto weOdessa. Nguva yekugara kwake muguta yakanyatsozivikanwa nekuda kwezviyeuchidzo zvakawanda zvevanhu venguva yake, kusanganisira memo "Mazuva Akatukwa" naNovel muurairo Ivan Bunin. The General akadzokorora zvakare kuronga hondo itsva yehondo, iyo, kune rumwe rutivi, yakarwisana neBolshevik, uye kune imwe yacho, yakagunun'una kunze kwechiKukraine nyika kubva muguta.

Odessa gavhuna wemauto

Odessa Alexei Almazov akarangarirwa semutungamiri ane utsinye, uyo akakurumidza kubata nechinotyisa kune simba rake. Nokuda kweizvi uye pakati peBolshevik, uye pakati pevatsvene, aizivikanwa semudzvinyiriri. Akanzi munhu anofarira uye akaenzaniswa neNapoleon ane chido. Panguva imwecheteyo, Almazov pachake pachake akaratidza kuvimbika kwake kumukuru-mukuru wemukuru weVa Volunteer Army Denikin.

Musoro wemusoro wemubati wezvematongerwo enyika yakanga isiri yeBolshevik chete, asiwo mhombwe, iyo yaiva muhombe yeOdessa yakanga yakakura zvikuru. Mutungamiri wevapanduki veOdessa panguva iyoyo ainzi Mishka Yaponchik. Kurwisana kwake naAlmazov kwakatungamirira kuverengeka dzakaoma kubudirira kune vose. Kurwisana nevapambi vemhosva, gavhuna weuto haana kuzengurira kushandura kuurayiwa kwechisarudzo uye kutyisa kwechokwadi. Izvo zvakafanana zvakawira kuvaBolshevik, iyo iyo Almazov yakava imwe yenhamba dzinonyangadza kupfuura dzose muWhite movement.

Basa rokupedzisira

MuOdessa, chimiro cheAlmazov hachina kukodzera vakawanda. Muna March 1919, akabviswa kubva panzvimbo yake uye pazuva rimwe chete rakasiyiwa muguta racho. Pamusoro pokubviswa kwevanhu vasina kutenderwa kubva kune simba vakasimudzira vaFrance, avo panguva iyoyo vakatora guta mumaoko avo. Kwemavhiki mashomanana, vatorwa vakabva vabva kuOdessa nokukurumidza, vachiisiya isina kusarudzwa pamberi peRobert Army neVaUkraine vapanduki. Nokukurumidza guta racho rakatorwa neboka duku reataman Nikifor Grigoriev.

Munguva iyi, Gavhuna Almazov akadzokera kuVa Volunteer Army. Anton Denikin akamutumira kumusoro wevatumwa kuna Alexander Kolchak, uyo mwedzi yakawanda yapfuura akazviti ndiye Supreme Ruler weRussia. Kukumaodzanyemba, Almazov aiva nemukurumbira unoshamisa. Siberia, iyo mauto akabvarurwa, aibatanidzwa nehubudirira hwekutanga kweHondo Yenyika. Mukuwedzera, mukuru wacho aisakashivirira kudzokera kumudzimai wake.

Nzira yesangano revanhu makumi mana nemakumi mana rakapinda muGungwa reCaspian. Muchena pasina chikepe akafamba nechikepe "Leila", apo ngarava yavo haina kubvumirwa pedyo neFort Alexandrovsky (yazvino Fort-Shevchenko, Kazakhstan). Chikepe chiduku chaive chimwe kune mumwe nemudzidzisi akadzidziswa zvakanaka Karl Liebknecht, apo Red Army varume vakange vakakwirira kune varume vaDenikin vakanga vachigadzirira kurwisa.

Alexei Almazov, achiona kusatenda kwemamiriro ake ezvinhu uye asingadi kutorwa nemuvengi, akazvipfura pachake neavo pachake revolver. Nokudaro akapedzisa hupenyu hweimwe yevhenekeri vatungamiri vehondo veBlack movement. MuSoviet Union, Almazov akava muenzaniso wakajeka wehutsinye hutsinye hukuru uye unhu husina kunaka mumabasa akawanda emifananidzo.