Henry Fielding, "The History of Tom Jones": tsanangudzo yebhuku, zvinyorwa uye nekuongorora

Henry Fielding - munyori wekuBrithani anozivikanwa wezana remakore rechi18, anozivikanwa seimwe yevatangi venhau chaiyo. Basa rakakurumbira zvikuru remunyori ndiro "The History of Tom Jones, Found." Tichazotaura nezvenyaya iyi munyaya yedu.

Nezvebhuku

Nhau yacho yakatanga kubudiswa muna 1749 ndokuva basa rakakurumbira zvikuru rakanyorwa naHenry Fielding. Izvo zvinoreva zvakasarudzwa nevanhu, asi pasina kutsoropodza kwakasimba. Munyori anonzwira tsitsi nevanyadzvinyiriri varombo varombo, vanoda kuderedza dambudziko ravo risingaoneki. Haagamuchirwi navo, umo munhu angaona kusatendeseka. Nokudaro, hakuna humwe hunyoro hwekuonekwa kwevarombo. Mutongi wacho haaiti kuti Fielding afunge. Navo, haaimire pamhemberero, vachiratidza mano avo ekunyengera, kunyengera uye makaro.

Kunyange zvakadaro, bhuku racho rakanyorwa nyore nyore uye zvakajeka. Hazvibviri kuverenga pasina kusemwe. Munyori haaedzi kuvhara mavara uye kuchinja zvisikwa zvake kuva dambudziko. Chido chake ndechekuratidza hupenyu sezvaanoona.

Henry Fielding. "Nhoroondo yaTom Jones, The Foundling": chidimbu

Squire Olverty anogara nehanzvadzi yake Bridget. Rimwe zuva vanokandirwa kumukova nechechecheche. Mukomana wacho anosarudzwa kubva uye anopa Tom. Asi Urombo hahuri kurega kutsvaga vabereki vevakatangira. Nokukurumidza amai - Jenny Jones, anobvuma zvose, uye anodzingwa mumusha. Zvadaro baba, chikoro chemudzidzisi Partridge, vanowanikwawo, avo vanodzoka kuti vabudzwe.

Bridget nokukurumidza anoroora ndokubereka mwanakomana waBlayfil. Iye naTom vanorerwa pamwe chete uye vanova shamwari. Kunyange zvazvo vakomana havakwanisi sevanhu. Blayfil anogara achidzivirirwa, achishingaira kudzidza uye kwete kuputsa mitemo. Kunyange Tom ari wake wakakwana zvakakwana.

Tom shamwari neshamwari yomuvakidzani wavo, squire mupfumi, Sophie.

Mhuri yeWatchman

Tom Jones haasi iye oga mhosho. Henry Fielding akapa gamba rake nekuteerera. Mukomana anoshanyira mhuri yemurombo anotarisira anofa nenzara, uye anopa mari yake yose. Tom anovhiringidzwa naMolly, mwanasikana wemurindi. Musikana wacho anotora ukama, uye nokukurumidza munhu wose achaziva nezvekuita kwake pamuviri.

Mharidzo yacho inokurumidza kuparidzirwa kudunhu racho. Dzidza pamusoro peiyi uye Sofia Western - musikana ave achine rudo naTom, naizvozvo nhau dzinomutungamirira mukuora mwoyo. Iye chete Tom, kwenguva refu achimuona seshamwari, iye zvino iye zvino anotanga kuonekwa kunaka kwemusikana. Zvishoma nezvishoma jaya rinowira mukuda naSofia.

Asi zvino Tom anofanira kuroorwa naMolly. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu anochinja zvinoshamisa apo jaya rinowana mwenga wemangwana mumaoko omumwe murume. Zvinotarisa kuti Molly haapfeke mwana wake.

Hosha yehurombo uye rudo rwakavanzika

Henry Fielding nerudo rukuru runoratidzira unhu hukuru uye anozviisa pachena kune vamwe. Saka, apo Urombo hutanga kurwara, imba yose, kunyange Blythil, inofunga nezvemhaka chete. Vose kunze kwaTom, avo vanonyatsozvidya mwoyo pamusoro pevakuru. Nokukurumidza kunouya nyaya dzekufa kwaBridget. Olwerti iri kuve nani. Tom anodhakwa nemufaro, izvo zvinokonzera kutongerwa kwevamwe.

Squire Western, achida kutora mwanasikana wake kuBlayfila, anotaurirana izvi naOlverti. Mumazuva echato, Sofia anozivisa kuti haazotoro. Blayfil ane mano ekuchenjera. Anogutsa Olwertie kuti Tom akadhakwa uye akafara kuti akanga achifa. Squire anotenda mazwi ake uye anotungamirira Tom kunze.

Pachivande, Tom akanyora tsamba kuna Sophia, achireurura rudo rwake uye kuti iye zvino vakanga vasingagoni kufara: akanga ari mupemhi uye aifanira kusiya imba yaOlverti.

Munzira

Nyaya yaTom Jones inopfuurira. Henry Fielding anorondedzera kuti hero yake inobva sei muimba. Panguva imwe chete, Sofia anotiza kubva kumba, asingatsvaki kuroorwa neasingadiwi.

Ari munzira, Tom anoungana naPartridge, uyo anogutsikana jaya kuti haasi baba vake, asi anokumbira mvumo yekuenda naye. Ipapo Tom anotarisira kununurwa kubva mumaoko evanhu vanopenga Mai Mr Waters. Munda uyo mukadzi anonyengedza nyore jaya.

Sophia anozviwana ari muhotera imwe chete naTom, asi paanoona kuti iye amutengesa, anotsamwa. Musikana wacho anobuda muhotera, uye pakarepo akatsamwira baba vanooneka.

Mangwanani, Tom anoziva kuti sei Sofia akatiza. Anonyatsotarisa nzira yake, achitarisira kubata neaanoda.

London

Henry Fielding anotitora kuenda kune guta guru reEngland. Sophia anouya kuLondon ndokumira pa Lady Ladyston, uyo anovimbisa kumubatsira. Nokukurumidza Tom anosvika pano. Nekutambudzika kwakanyanya anotarisa waanoda, asi anoramba akasimba.

Lady Bellaston anowa mukuda naTom. Achida kubvisa kushungurudzwa kwake, jaya racho rinomupa chipo. Mukadzi haakwanisi kuwirirana mugumo wake nemupemhi, uyo kaviri akafanana naye. Bellaston anoramba Tom, asi anotsamwa. Anoudza Fellamaru, mukuda naSofia, kuti mufaro wavo unokanganiswa nemukomana. Kana iwe uchibvisa, musikana anobvuma kuroora.

Jeri

Zvakare, kusatarisiri kutendeuka munharaunda inopa vaverengi vake Henry Fielding. Tom's biography iri kuchinja zvakare. Ari mumugwagwa jaya rinorwiswa, anozvidzivirira uye anotambudza muvengi wake. Tomasi akangoerekana akapoteredzwa nevashambadziri vanotumwa naFellamar uye vanomutora kuenda kujeri.

Western inowana mwanasikana wake uye majeki asati asvika Blayfil naOlverti, avo vanobva vachangobva kuonekwa. Icho chinoitika kuti Mai Waters ndivo amai vaTom. Olwerty inodana mukadzi kwaari. Anoti Tom ndiye mwanakomana weshamwari ye squire, uye amai vake ihanzvadzi Olverty Bridget. Ichokwadi chinoratidzwa zvakare pamusoro pekuchera Blayfil.

Kudonha

Nhau inoitwa naHenry Fielding iri kusvika pakuguma. Nyaya yaTom Jones inoguma nechokuti jaya racho rinosunungurwa kubva mujeri - muvengi anokundwa naye ari mupenyu uye haauyisi mhosva. Olverti anopfidza ndokukumbira ruregerero, asi jaya harina mhosva kune chero chinhu.

Sophia anodzidza kuti Tom aisazoenda kunoroora Bellaston, asi aida kungobvisa kushamwaridzana kwekare.

Jones anosvika kuna Sophia, anofunga kubvunza maoko ake zvakare. Musikana anobvumirana. Uye kana Western inodzidza kuti Mangwana achava mugari wenhaka yeAlberti, uye kwete Blayfil, anopa chikomborero chake nomufaro.

Muchato unopembererwa muLondon, mushure mhemberero avo vachangobva kuchata vanoenda kumusha, kwavanoda kurarama kure neguta guru kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva avo.

Vaverengi 'mazwi

Henry Fielding anofunga nezvevadzidzi sei? Mabhuku emunyori panguva yehupenyu akaonekwa nekushingaira kukuru. Vadzidzi vemazuva ano vanoona sei "Nhoroondo yaTom Jones"? Chaizvoizvo, vanopa chigadzirwa chepamusoro-soro mararamiro, vachicherechedza chokwadi chavo, vanhu vane chimiro chemhepo uye vanoyevedza munguva yakapfuura. Izvo chete zvakaipa, izvo zvakagoverwa nevatsigiri vose nevashori, ndiro ivhu. Zvechokwadi, basa remuviri-rekuverenga rinoverengwa kwete nekukurumidza. Asi vamwe mune izvi vanowana ruzha rwebasa - kwenguva yakareba yekukuverenga iwe unogona kutaridzirwa kune ma heroes, vanova vanozvarwa. Vaverengi vanoverengeka vanowana nzvimbo yakafanana pakati pevhisi yaFielding uye mabhuku aJ. Austin.

Basa rinofanirwa kuverenga kune avo vanoda kuzvidiridza muzana ramakore rechi18, kunzwa mweya weiyo nguva. Dzidza nezvekuti Europe yakagara sei panguva iyoyo, kuti ive yakajeka, England.