Historical girama kwomutauro Russian. Kudzidza nhoroondo mutauro

zvichida girama ndomumwe yokutanga pamusoro mutauro sayenzi, yakatangira vanovandira yekare Indian zvinyorwa philologists. Izwi iri raishandiswa muGirisi yekare mupfungwa chirango kuti vanodzidza nemitemo kunyora uye kuverenga. Hazvina kubva kutsika maviri aya ane yakatangira ave European, uye girama Russian.

Girama - chikamu wemitauro

Historical girama mutauro Russian - ichi subsection zvakafanana girama, imwe nyaya yokudzidza riri teksto- uye shoko inotungamirwa, kureva wevakadzidza chinoumba mutauro. Sezvo nechekare pachena kubva rokuti, ichi ndicho chikamu wemitauro, ndiye kushandiswa zvakarurama mutauro pakutaura uye nokunyora. Nokudaro, nomukaka vakadaro mashoko akadai "akwanise" uye "bumbiro" vari semantically chokuita tsamba, shoko rakakodzera.

Girama unosimbisa kubatana pakati mashoko uye matauriro zvikamu, uye anoita kuti paumbwe mashoko uye mutauro constructs. It inodzidza pamutemo chinhu mutauro - girama kwayo. Panyaya iyi, chinangwa zvidzidzo dzinosiyana morpheme (duku chinangwa. chairema mutauro) uye rugwaro (chikuru yakazvimirira chikamu mutauro hurongwa).

Kazhinji, girama zvinosanganisira zvikamu zviviri wemitauro vakanga Morphology nemarongerwo. Zvidzidzo wokutanga shoko racho zvivakamutauro Mupfungwa, wechipiri - kuvakwa mashoko. Uyezve, orthoepy, mashoko, phonetics, Graphics, chiperengo mutauro wokuRussia hwakada kufanana girama, kusanganisira nhoroondo.

Kubatana zvivakamutauro uye lexical

Usakanganwa pamusoro vasingasiyani kubatana kwakaita girama uye mashoko, chimiro uye zviri zvakataurwa. Dzimwe nguva lexical zvinoreva shoko anosarudza kwayo zvivakamutauro features, dzimwe nguva - nekusiyana.

For nhoroondo girama vasina duku kukosha muri ukama kwemashoko uye girama. Somuenzaniso, idioms vari inoumbwa muitiro lexicalized: Chimiro ndee mumutauro sezvo takaparadzana invariable uye chinokosha lexical chikwata. Grammaticalization nekusiyana, anoti shoko somunhu zvivakamutauro chakarurama, kushandura nayo kupinda muchikwata che affixes uye ebetsero mashoko.

Mienzaniso zvakawanda mashoko ari mutauro Russian Somugumisiro kubata chenhau girama uye mashoko. Kwete nguva dzose mashoko matsva mumutauro vari inoumbwa incrementing zviumbu: pamwe kukura vanhu vave zvisingachashandi zvinoreva shoko uye kutenga zvitsva kana zvakawedzerwa ukoshi.

With mberi nhoroondo mutauro iri kushandurwa, ayo arayira hurongwa okunze - wegadziriro kuchijeka uye nyore. Zvisinei, kunzwisisa ichi, unofanira kuva kunzwisisa nhoroondo pezvakaitwa zvakaitika uye zviri kuitika munyika mutauro.

Kwakatangira chenhau girama

Historical girama mutauro wokuRussia, uye vakawanda Russian girama zvose ine nemidzi murugwaro Mihaila Vasilevicha Lomonosova pakubata Russian mutauro ukama nevamwe necheSalvic uye European mitauro. musayendisiti Proceedings mvumo girama sezvo kurangwa nesayenzi. Rikabudirira ari XIX remakore uye Rinobatanidzwa mazita akadai Aleksandr Hristoforovich Vostokov, Izmail Ivanovich Sreznevsky uye Fodor Ivanovich Buslaev.

"Historical girama mutauro Russian" Valeriya Vasilevicha Ivanova - ichi ndicho kuitika padariro kugadzira mitauro nesayenzi. bhuku rake yakabudiswa 80s remakore rapfuura, uye nhasi anoonekwa chiremera mutungamiriri nokuda vadzidzi philological mano.

nyaya dzokudzidza

Zvino zvakaitika kare girama - iyi ndiyo imwe zvikamu zvemutauro, iyo inorondedzera mitemo nhoroondo shanduko chimiro mutauro pachiyero mitinhimira uye mashoko, uye panguva pamwero kunzwisisa nemarongerwo. Uyezve, kufarira sayenzi uye zvakanyorwa uye anotaurwa (mutauro) Kutaura. Kwenguva kunyange mukuru pamwero vakabatsira pakuvaka mutauro hurongwa.

Pamusoro apa V. V. Ivanov rinosimbisa kuti nhoroondo girama zvinoratidza simba mutoo pamusoro nguva Kushandurwa mutauro hurongwa. Language hwapedyo nemitemo yayo uye dzimwe mitemo wacho zvikamu (phonology, nemarongerwo, Morphology, uye vamwe).

The girama wokuRussia mutauro F.I.Buslaeva

Sezvo nhoroondo girama - nyaya akadzidza kuchikoro chesekondari, zvinokosha kutaura huru mabasa uye mabhuku nyaya.

"Historical girama mutauro Russian" Fedor Ivanovich Buslaev aiva chinokosha mupiro mabasa nezvenyaya iyi. Kazhinji, aiva piyona pamusoro nzira okufananidza zvemutauro. Innovation kusvika ndechokuti munyori anotsanangura mumutauro akararama kusanduka, uchishandisa mitauro kufanana. Imhaka nokuda kwemapazi yekare, Old kwechiSlavonic uye nemimwe mitauro necheSalvic akaumba ano mabhuku nerokuti.

Munyori kwete chete inovaka mifananidzo pamitemo yemitauro nemamiriro mutauro, asi anotsvaka zvikonzero zvavo kwakabva mashoko. For Buslaeva nhoroondo mutauro uri kushandisa mukuedza kunzwisisa zviitiko, ayo anozivikanwa ano zvemutauro anosiyiwa.

Ivanova. Historical girama mutauro Russian

Labor Buslaeva akagumisa muzvikamu zviviri: wokutanga vakazvipira ruzha uye mashoko, ndiro Morphology, wechipiri - the nemarongerwo. Saka, nhamba zvikamu bhuku unoenderana nokuwanda girama nyaya.

A yakasiyana maumbirwo ane vabatsirwe yeSoviet nyanzvi V. V. Ivanova, rakagadzirirwa vadzidzi-philologists. Munyori yoga tichifunga nezvekwakabva mutauro Russian uye kunyanya ayo kudyidzana pamwe mitauro ukama necheSalvic. Bhuku rinorondedzera nhoroondo kadikidiki dzakasiyana zvinhu mutauro - kutanga ruzha uye nekuguma nemarongerwo. Yoga rinoratidza nhoroondo matangiro uye kukura neimwe zvikamu kutaura.

Historical girama mutauro Russian vadzidzi

Nokufamba Russian mutauro zvikoro haripi nenguva yeko kuti kudzidza nhoroondo girama: chirongwa chinotaura pamusoro pokumuka ano mutauro chaiko, pane kuora mwoyo munhau yacho. Zvisinei, mutauro wokuRussia yakadaro imwe nzira ichichinja kuita hakunakidzi pasi, ane chinangwa chikuru ndechokuti ndezvokuti magariro akadaro anoita mitemo uye paradigms siyana. Sei nyore uye zvakajeka mutauro kuti, kana kuzivisa kwake kare! Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti mutauro - ichi haisi nechando mukanyiwa uye dzichichinja mugadziriro: mupenyu uye achikura somunhu mupenyu muviri.

Pane nzira dzakawanda kusanganisira nhoroondo girama chikoro mumutauro weRussia. Chokutanga, hazvina kuita mumwe zvidzidzo vakazvipira kuna nyaya. Chechipiri, historicism nhungamiro inogona kuenda dzose chidzidzo kosi sezvi- zvinhu purogiramu. Mienzaniso zvakawanda mazwi mumutauro wokuRussia, kunyanya phonetics uye rakatumbuka mavhawero - izvi nedzimwe dzakawanda vachava zvakajeka zvikuru paaitsanangura kubatanidzwa kwavo pamwe zvakawanwa uye zvaanorumbidza chenhau girama.

Usakanganwa kuti kosi mabhuku kuita pasina rubatsiro nezvenhoroondo mutauro, kunyanya kana muchizadzwa vakajairana Zvivako mabhuku Old Russian. Somuenzaniso, "Lay" harisi chete akazara usashanda uye kujeka mashoko ari murugwaro, asiwo zita kunoda yoga nhoroondo nezveBhaibheri.

Kukosha chenhau girama

Kuziva chokwadi chenhau girama achibvumira hune chinangwa. ainoita mutauro pakudzidza. Uyezve, inonyanya pachena apo kuverenga Zvirongwa uye paradigms anomiririra pake. Kunyora uye kutaura zvakanaka, kwete hazvo kudzidza zvakawanda mitemo uye kunze nomusoro - nhoroondo girama mutauro Russian kuchakubatsira kunzwisisa musoro pezvakaitwa kuitika mairi.