Historiography nhoroondo yenyika

Historiography nhoroondo yenyika - pfungwa imwe chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda uye zvakawanda. Hazvina chete rondedzero nhau muitiro, asiwo nesayenzi kuti vanodzidza paumbwe chenhau ruzivo kwemakore akawanda. sainzi ichi ine chinhu, mabasa, manyuko, misimboti uye nzira. Domestic historiography ane mupfumi tsika dzayo uye chikoro, uye mirayiridzo kuyerera, izvo zvechokwadi yemwoyo uye nyika historiography, akachinja munhoroondo zvesayenzi rose.

Historiography rakakamurwa akawanda nguva. Wokutanga wavo - the pre-zvesayenzi. In iyi inofanira kudzidzwa Ages uzivi, vanhu maonero nguva, tsika, nhoroondo mabasa. Cherechedza kuti mune nguva iyi, iyo yakatora kusvikira wezana remakore rechi18, akaumba chikuru siyana dzakaitika rondedzero, dzakadai Chronicle - rekodhi kuchengeta kwemakore. Rakava kwainyanya izvi, zviri vakadzidza historiography munyika nhoroondo. Kudzidza yaMakoronike vanofanira kuteerera nhungamiro pamusoro yavakanga zvakanyorwa, chimiro uye manyorero umo mabasa yaichengeterwawo. Kunyanya kukosha ndiwo musimboti Chronograph runovabvumira nokuenzanisa zviitiko, vachirondedzera kuti zvakananga misi, "pamberi" dzokubatanidza pfungwa - "gare gare". Chechipiri kunobva panguva iyi, raisanganisira kare, ndiye upenyu yavatsvene. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti upenyu vatsvene vane simba kuzviitira noruvara pane yaMakoronike - vatendeuke kuva mhando ngano uye nyaya. Chimwe chimiro chenhau kuziva mashoko masayendisiti vanofarira - ngano. Imhaka yokuti zvichibvira kudzidza pamusoro vanhu nepfungwa wemagamba dzavo uye vavengi. Nokuti kuti pre-yesayenzi nguva, magwaro mashoma akavimbika, kwemakore akawanda, chinoramba mubvunzo debatable pakati kwakabva Slavs, kuti panowanikwa statehood, hondo zvisingaiti yeRussian nyika.

The yenhoroondo wokuRussia historiography yechipiri kunotanga nemasere remakore, uye akazosvika kusvikira mukutanga ramakumi remakore. nguva unhu Izvi zvinoratidzwa pakagadzwa nhoroondo sezvo rimwe sayenzi uye kudzidza kunobva hwaro. Izvi zvinofanira kusanganisira kuchinja dzakadai zvenyika sayenzi uye kukura haisi chechi, uye dzidzo yokunyika. First kutanga kuva kupatsanurwa manyuko kutendeuka, yabva Europe, zvenhoroondo tsvakurudzo, sezvo vakadaro, mirai vakazvimiririra, asi panguva imwe chete - vari kuumbwa uye ebetsero anoranga kuti anobatsira kudzidza nhoroondo. Chikuva itsva iyi - kutanga Bhuku chikuru zvinyorwa kuti revolutionized maonero kunyika yake kare nenzira dzakawanda, uye kunyanya nokuda Russian intelligentsia.

Kureva intelligentsia, parura enhoroondo rwendo zvidzidzo. Vachikurudzirwa Western dzinokura nheyo nhoroondo kwouzivi ichichinja kuita dzakazara nesayenzi. Pakati mabasa zvinokosha kuziva basa F. Prokopovich, A. Mankieva, P. Shafirov, Kurakin, V. Tatishchev, G. Bayer, G. Miller, A. Schlozer, Shcherbatov, I. Boltina, Lomonosov. masayendisiti ava kudzidza matambudziko politogenesis, VaViking kutora chikamu mune paumbwe yekare Russian mamiriro , etc.

Rimwe danho - kukura historiography ari wechitatu namapfumbamwe remakore rechipiri. Izvi chinofukidza nenyaya dzakadai ukama yeRussian ehurumende uye Western nyika, pane pfungwa kuti kukura nhoroondo yenyika yokutanga.

Danho chechina - yechipiri yezana navapfumbamwe - mangwanani ramakumi remakore. Panguva iyoyo, akaumba nheyo methodological kuti historiography. Historiography nhoroondo yenyika uye kunzwa positivism uye pfuma uye Kantianism. Kuwedzera chikuva tsvakurudzo, kunyanya Kumikidzo socio-zvoupfumi matambudziko munhau. Munguva Danho chechina pane mubvunzo yokurovedzwa munhoroondo mapuranga.

Kwenguva yechishanu Danho - reSoviet historiography munyika nhoroondo, iyo inobva kirasi nzira kutanga kwenzanga, izvo zvaizoitawo chakabata zvesayenzi kusvika. Rokukurira Soviet nhaka - huru chinangwa enhoroondo chikoro ano.