Internal vaitamira

Maererano nerondedzero, womukati vaitamira - munhu yokutama nevanhu mukati imwe nyika kubva munzvimbo imwe. Kazhinji, izvi zvinokonzerwa aibuda kwenzanga zvikonzero. Internal kwemahofisi ndicho chinhu zvokunze, apo vagari kusiya nyika yavo uye kugadzirisa kunze.

General kuitikawo

Urbanization - chinhu chinokosha munyika vaitamira munyika. The pamwero migumisiro mumadhorobha kukura zviri zvikuru kuti vamwe vatsvakurudzi unodana izvi chete se "yokutama guru vanhu XX remakore". In kunotsvaka nani ane vemumusha nokukurumidza kusiya misha yavo. Izvi zvinoshanda Russia. On ayo Maitiro dzichakurukurwa pazasi. Nokuti chinonyanya dzakabudirira, mu urbanization yavo pataimira kumativi 80%. Kureva, zvina vagari mashanu Germany kana United States vanogara mumaguta.

Munyika umo vanhu siyanei kana gogonera arambe achirema, womukati vaitamira anotora chimiro itsva ugari nzvimbo. Nhoroondo yevanhu anoziva zvakawanda mienzaniso yakadaro. In Canada, USA, Brazil uye China, vanhu pakutanga vakanga kusimbiswa okumabvazuva munharaunda. Kana zvinhu nzvimbo ivavo vakatanga kumhanya, vanhu muropa vakaenda kuongorora kumadokero enyika.

Nhoroondo yomunyika vaitamira muRussia

In mumwe munhau ichikosha, womukati vaitamira mu Russia ine chaizvo maitiro ayo, apo nguva dzose kuramba yakagadzikana muitiro. Muna IX-XII emakore. Slavs Akagarisa bheseni rokumusoro Volga. The vaitamira yave kutungamirirwa kuchamhembe uye kuchamhembe-mabvazuva. Kusvikira yechipiri yezana XIX remakore, kunoratidzwa pamwero muduku, sezvakanyorwa kudziviswa serfdom muruwa.

Colonisation kwakaitwa reEurope kuchamhembe uye Urals, apo kwemahofisi vakagamuchira "metallurgia" hunhu. Of Lower Volga Russian akatamira kurutivi rwezasi, ari New Russia uye Caucasus. Large-pamwero zvoupfumi kweSiberia akatanga chete pakati XIX remakore. Munguva Soviet, zvakanga huru kumabvazuva negwara. Mune vakaronga upfumi, vanhu aitumirwa kumaruwa vakanga apo kuvaka guta idzva kana mugwagwa. Muna 1930-ies. Stalin vakatanga kumanikidzwa maindasitiri. Pamwe collectivization vomumusha iye akasunda mamiriyoni akawanda zvizvarwa Soviet. Uyewo, womukati vaitamira kwakakonzerwa ne kumanikidzwa pokubudiswa munyika yose vanhu (vokuGermany, Chechens, Ingush, uye zvichingodaro. D.).

modernity

MuRussia ano, womukati vaitamira rinowanikwa akawanda kuitika. Pakutanga zvakanga hunoonekwa weboka vanhu kupinda kumaruwa uye dzomumaguta. reshiyo ichi anosarudza ukuru urbanization munyika. Nhasi, 73% kuti vagari Russian vanogara mumaguta, uye 27% - mumisha. chete nenhamba chaiyo dzaiva muSoviet Union mumakore vaverengwe muna 1989. Panyaya iyi, nhamba mumisha kwakawedzera neinopfuura 2000, asi kamura uwandu kumaruwa nemisha, izvo kumusha vanhu vanenge 6000. Nhamba Zvinogumbura kwakadaro dzinoratidza kuti pakazopera pakati 90s. Zvakakonzera munyika yokutama ngozi kunyangarika vanopfuura 20 misha%. Nhasi, nhamba zvakawanda zvinokurudzira.

MuRussia, pane mhando mbiri mumaguta - maguta maduku uye maguta. Sei Vakatsunga? Maererano nzira, hazvina kuzivikanwa madhorobha musha, kana nhamba yevanhu aidaro zvokurima, usingatangi kupfuura 15%. Pane chimwe chipingamupinyi. Guta rinofanira kuva dzinenge 12 zviuru vanhu. Kana munyika vaitamira kunotungamirira kune vasanyanye vemo uye kuderedza nhamba pazasi bhaa ichi, kuti kugarwa mamiriro anogona kuchinja.

"Magnets a" uye anamafuro

The Russian vanacho vakagovera pamusoro yakakura munyika zvikuru gogonera. Yakawanda zviri kusimbiswa nechepakati, Volga uye South Federal nemaruwa (26%, 22% uye 16% azvaitwa). Panguva iyoyowo, vanhu vashoma chaizvo kurarama Far East (4 chete%). Asi chero angave nokushapira dzemitambo, womukati vaitamira - chinhu chenguva chinoramba chichingoitwa. Mumakore gore, vanhu mamiriyoni 1,7 vaiitawo munyika kufamba. Ichi 1.2% vemo.

Mukuru "magineti" dziripi Russian Federation, womukati vaitamira kune Moscow wayo Satellite maguta. Kuwedzera aona muna St. Petersburg uye Leningrad nharaunda. Misoro miviri rikwezve sezvo basa nzvimbo. Anenge dzimwe nharaunda yose munyika yaisangana vaitamira kurasikirwa (nokusiya kupfuura anouya chete).

zvenharaunda emuchina

Muna Volga Federal District, chikuru vaitamira inopfumisa munyaya Tatarstan, muna South - iri Krasnodar mudunhu. Munyaya Urals, zvakanaka nhamba dziri kuchengetwa chete Sverdlovsk mudunhu. Pane inoendeswa Vagari kuSiberia uye Far Eastern kumatunhu, uko kwose rakakurumbira vaitamira kurasikirwa. Izvi zvave zvichiitika nokuti emakore.

Internal vaitamira - ndicho chikonzero chikuru chevanhu kuderera mune kuSiberia Federal District, izvo mukutsinhana nedzimwe nharaunda muna 2000-2008. Ndakarasikirwa 244 zviuru vagari. Nhamba haasiyi mubvunzo. Somuenzaniso, mune imwe nharaunda Altai panguva iyoyo, kuderera vakasvika vanhu 64 zviuru. Uye vaviri chete kumatunhu muruwa akasiyana dzinotama kukura diki - nayo Tomsk uye Novosibirsk nharaunda.

Far East

Most vamwe vagari mumakore achangopfuura chakarasikirwa kuFar East. Zvinoshanda uye kwokunze uye zvemukati kutama. Asi zvinofamba vanhu mune dzimwe nharaunda munyika zvakaguma kurasikirwa 187 000 vanhu mumakore gumi apfuura. Vanhu Vazhinji siya kubva Yakutia, Chukotka uye Magadan nharaunda.

Statistics of East Far mupfungwa, zvine musoro. nharaunda Iri nevakomana kuguma nyika kubva guru. Vakawanda vaigara ayo ndokusiya kuMoscow, kuziva pachavo uye kukanganwa nezvazvo kuputira. Vachigara kuFar East, vanhu vari kupedza mari yakakura nekuti neapo nzendo kana voli kuti West. Dzimwe nguva kumativi-rwendo matikiti hungada rose muhoro. izvi zvose zvinotungamirira kuti kuwedzera uye kukura zvemukati kutama. Countries ane yakakura sezvo mhepo vanoda inokwanisika senga kwezvivako. chisikwa chacho uye nenguva mazuvaano - guru chinetso Russia ano.

Igaroziva upfumi uye mamiriro okunze

Huru zvinoita kuti tizive kuti hunhu yomunyika vaitamira vari zvoupfumi zvikonzero. Russian kutsvetera akasimuka nokuda gogonera padanho socio-zvoupfumi munyika. Somugumisiro, paiva Kusiyanisa nzvimbo pamusoro unhu uye nemararamiro. In kure uye muganhu munzvimbo vane yakaderera tichienzanisa misoro, uye saka asingakwezvi veruzhinji.

Nokuti yakakura yeRussia uye kunoratidzwa okunze zvinhu. Kana zvimiso Belgium homogeneous zvayo chafariz chaitwa, zviri zvikuru zvakaoma zvakaitika Russian Federation. More akakodzera vapenyu uye anokwezva okunze anokwevera vanhu zasi uye pakati nyika. Maguta akawanda hwokumusoro rakamuka kweSoviet nokuda kutumirwa mirairo maitiro uye siyana percussion muzvivako. In kumusika vakasununguka, vanhu vakaberekerwa munyika izvi vanowanzofunga kusiya navo.

Social uye vemauto zvinhu

The boka wechitatu zvinoita - zviri evanhu, varehwa munhau uye ukama hwemhuri. Ivo chikonzero zvinowanzovapo t. N. "Circular vaitamira". Vagari kumabvazuva uye kuchamhembe kunzvimbo, vachisiya kuMoscow, kazhinji kuuya kumba, t. To. Ikoko vakaramba mhuri, hama neshamwari.

Rimwe boka zvinoita - muchiuto kutyisidzira. Armed kusawirirana kumanikidza vanhu kuti vasiye misha yavo uye vagara yakachengeteka dzoga, kure ropa wechoto. MuRussia, izvi zvinhu aiva chinokosha kukosha kuma1990. Kana Northern Caucasus, uye kunyanya muBosnia, muChechnya kwemakore mberi hondo zvinovava.

tarisiro

Development yomunyika vaitamira kudzivirira mugari dzimba mitengo uye simba kukura dzimba pamusika kumatunhu. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri zvinoda nehurumende rutsigiro uye mari kuti dambudziko nzvimbo, chinoda uye neyenyika. Regions vanofanira kuwedzera mari rwekuita vemo, mabasa matsva, kuwedzera bhajeti zveminda, achidzikisa kudiwa bhajeti mari.

Yakanaka kuchava nemamwe matanho. Revival yomunyika vaitamira chinowedzera kuderedza kunaka kwechirwere indasitiri zvakatipoteredza, uyewo kuvandudzika ari wevanotungamirira ezvinhu.