Ivar ari Boneless - mutungamiri Danish VaViking, mwanakomana Ragnar Lodbrok. Biography, nhoroondo

The yakakurumbira Viking Ivar ari Boneless mwanakomana chinotokurudzira zvikuru kunozivikanwa Ragnar Lodbrok. In kutsiva nokuda rufu baba vake, wechihedheni vakaunganidza hondo huru, iyo yagara muBritain. Mugumisiro wake kusingaenzaniswi rutsigiro rakanga kukunda chitsuwa vokuDenmark (madzitateguru of vokuDenmark), apo kuti remakore yaitongwa Scandinavians. Ivar pachake mukurumbira kunotyisa murwi ane mabasa kunge rwakaimbwa dzakawanda Ages sagas. Ake upenyu izere mavara machena rakombwa ngano dzakawanda uye mukufunga.

mwanakomana King

Danish-Mambo Ragnar Lodbrok aigona kuzvirumbidza kwete chete nzira kwayo kubudirira, asi zvikuru vana. Ivar - chete wevanakomana zvizhinji kunozivikanwa gamba. Nokuda Chidimbu uye kururama magwaro iyoyo venhau uye nhasi handizivi kana Viking akaberekwa. Vazhinji mashoko akavimbika pamusoro Ivar akasiya "Saga pakati Ragnar navanakomana vake." Asi hapana uchapupu uduku uye kuyaruka ramangwana mutungamiriri vokuDenmark.

Hapana mubvunzo kuti Ivar kubvira pazera akadzidza unyanzvi hondo. Baba vakauya kwaari Viking chaiye, ane upenyu hakuwaniki chinhu asi musango uye zvaibiwa kwakaenderera muna Christian Europe. Nemazvo IX remakore rakanga ichatonga zvine mbiri ropa kunoparadza yokurwiswa Scandinavians. Kakawanda, vakarwisa France neBritain. Hazvina mhosva ichi zvarisingazivi akatsaurira upenyu hwake kuna Ivar ari Boneless. Akanga asina kunyange atanga mhuri uye havana kusiya vana vavo.

chirahwe zita

Vaongorori vachiri haisviki chete maonero, kuti zvaireva zita remadunhurirwa rokuti aipfeka Ivar ari Boneless (Boneless sei?). Opinion akatarisana. Zvichida BONELESS Ivar akadana kumboitika agility, izvo akaratidza muhondo. Ukuwo, vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti chikonzero remadunhu- chingava chirwere isingazivikanwi.

Kunyange kana Ivar vaiva nechirwere, haana kumutadzisa kuenda refu kwidza. Muna 865 baba vake Ragnar akapona chikepe nemhenderekedzo Britain. Mambo Northumbria II Ella, uyo aivenga vahedheni, akauraya kunozivikanwa Viking. The wazvakaitika yakanga anotyisa. Ragnar akakandwa mugomba yakazara dzine uturu pakati. Mashoko rufu baba vake Ivar abatwa pamba. Panguva iyi, nhoroondo muDenmark akaita unopinza jana. Vana Ragnar vakaenda kuchitsuwa kure, kuti kutsiva baba vake.

nokuti gungwa rwendo

Mumatsutso 865, hondo huru vaHedheni mumusha kwavo Drakkar vakaenda Britain. The rengarava Ivar rokutanga vakaona vanhuwo zvavo vaigara pamhenderekedzo Kent. Vahedheni vakaramba kubirwa Britain, asi hapana vagari haana kurangarira maseiri zhinji saka iri kuuya. Maererano nokufungidzira siyana, Ivar ari Boneless akaunganidza dzechikwata ngarava 300-400, waitova kuti vanhu 5000. Nokuti IX remakore, zvakanga Zvaifadza mufananidzo. Zvaiita kuti rudzi rwose kwakaita mberi, sezvo chakaitika panguva Mukuru Kutama, kana madzitateguru of Anglo-Saxons pachavo asiya yakaoma Europe uye vakagara muBritain.

Pamwe baba Ivar vake vakaenda vatsive vanakomana vaviri Ragnar - Halfdan uye Ubba. Mushure wokutanga nokupamba Kent uye vechiwi Tenet Viking rengarava vakaenda. Zvavahedheni wamasarudza ake inotevera chipfuro East Anglia, izvo hunotongwa Korol Edmund. Pasina nguva zvakava pachena kuti ichi hachisi chimwe-nguva bvuta of vokuDenmark. The vatorwa vakanga vachienda kugara muEngland kwenguva refu.

A rengarava pakati vokuDenmark hombe akafuridzirwa nokutyisa chaiyo. Zvikepe Military Drakkar akagadza emapuranga nemifananidzo makava. hondo Marudzi akaisa zvikuru ose evanhu. Zvikepe Ivar nehama dzake vaifanira kuvapowo. The VaViking vaidavira kuti womuti zvifananidzo kubatsira uvharidzire midzimu yakaipa uye muuye kukunda pamusoro vavengi. Rook vokuDenmark ane rakasiyana magadzirirwo nguva yaro. Court kwete chete rwizi kuchamhembe mumakungwa, asi kufamba mumvura isina kudzika chaizvo zvakanaka. Ichi yokupedzisira chinhu zvave kukosha kwazvo Ragnar vana. Kunyange ari muBritish enyika, Ivar rwizi mibhedha aigona kuchengeta kuti chikepe, zvakanga zvakachengetwa reserves uye kupamba.

Zvimwe zvikonzero nechisimba

Vose venhoroondo dzose nguva vakabvumirana kuti Ivar uye nehama dzake vakaenda Britain dzokutsiva nokuda rufu baba vake, uye pfungwa iyi haisi mubvunzo. Asi chii chakaita kuti ndiende kuti hondo huru uye vakawanda vatsigiri uyo akabatanidzwa yakazotevera pavaipfuura nechisimba? Ndeipi nhoroondo sokunowanzoreva refu pamushandirapamwe?

Somuenzaniso, vomuNorway vakasiya nyika yokumusha kwavo nokuti kuperevedza rakaorera romumhenderekedzo yegungwa munyika uye overpopulation. Asi Ragnar vana uye varwi vavo vaiva vokuDenmark, saka vakabva vamwe vavariro. Achitaura pamusoro zvinokonzera nechisimba wechihedheni mauto Great (uye kwete pamusoro yakaisvonaka nyaya kutsiva nokuda rufu Ragnar), hatigoni kutaura kuti akanga panguva iyoyo (muna IX remakore), pashure refu dambudziko vaitevera kuwa Western hweRoma, Europe akatanga kuoneka kuwedzera kutengeserana. In nharaunda ino akaona vakawanda sirivha uye zvemarudzi ose nezvinhu. Kune itsva mushambadzi guta, kusanganisira British Lundenvik (London). vanhu ava vaiva zhinji, asi haana nhaka simba simba (nokuda nzvimbo iri waterways kana yegungwa). Saka VaViking vakanga kutarisana nomuedzo miviri - kwete kupfuma zvakapambwa, asi achiri havaratidzi kudzivirirwa akapfuma zvakatorwa nechisimba.

Zvikonzero kwaita neboka rengarava huru British mabhanga havana chete zveupfumi, asiwo enyika. Munyika dzose IX remakore muDenmark, pakava hondo pakati centralized umambo uye muchiuto vakuru VaViking. Madzimambo vaida kudzora nechisimba. Chinzvimbo uye ajaira rusununguko Pirates kufurirwa chikumbiro ichi. Muna 854, mauto vaibata Mambo Horik I. mambo uyu akayanana namambo France uye kudziviswa Grocery vomunyika. Pakafa Horik Denmark kwenguva refu akaramba asina simba, iyo zvinogona kudziviswa anoda zvarisingazivi mishandirapamwe of VaViking. Ndakatora mukana ichi kusanganisira Ragnar uye rusununguko chete akaita mumaoko evanakomana vake, avo vakakwanisa dziite vakawanda vatsigiri.

Parking muEast Anglia

Mugore rakatevera gore 866, zviri VaViking vakapamba France, akaziva kuti Ivar ari Boneless akasikwa East Anglia simba pfungwa. To vahedheni vakadirana vachibva zvose pamusoro dzekuma Scandinavia. In East Anglia akatsvaka uye akanga achangopedza kuzopindazve dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope. Children Ragnar kuitwa UK yose yechando. Kuwanda mumisasa yakawedzera Scandinavians - gore pamusoro musoro Edmund akakura kurei. The VaViking haana kuenda kunyange pashure vakanga vakabatana mamwe masoja avo watambira France chihombe Hurumende - Korol Karl Bald vakatenga kure navo 4 zviuru resirivha. Nokuti mauto akawanda, kwaiva kurota chikuru, asi Ivar ari Boneless aikoshesa zvikuru kure-kusvika zvirongwa.

Kuenda kune imwe nyika, mutungamiriri wehondo agadzirira purani. Akasarudza kusiya dzenhoroondo dzekuma Scandinavia achifamba urongwa uye kuti hondo bhiza. Kwaizvozvi, muna East Anglia neyavatorwa kure veko vakawanda mabhiza. The emauto yaidiwa kukurumidza kufamba panyika ausingazivi. Kusvika kunzvimbo rokurwa, asi VaViking akaburuka uye vakavhura nhovo nhovo netsoka. Musoja nomumwe akadzivirira shamwari yake - hondo vakarwa sezvo rimwe muviri.

Kwidza muna Northumbria

Vahedheni vakanga vandopambara Britain, rakanga riri muruoko kuti chokwadi kuti pachitsuwa hakuna simba chete. England yakakamurwa kuva umambo nomwe. Ukama hwavo vaiva tangle nokupokanidzana. Kazhinji, vari vasingabvumirani, uye pamwe pakasvika vatorwa kuedza kubatana mauto pamusoro chimwe muvengi. Zvakazoonekwa haisi nguva dzose.

All enyika vicissitudes uye aiziva mutungamiriri Danish VaViking Ivar. Chokutanga, akasarudza kurwisa Northumbria. umambo uhwu akatambura pezviri nokukakavara. Pausiku mairi vakadzingwa pachake mambo Osbert. Akanga yakatsiviwa Ella II. Rakanga anodzora akaurayiwa Ragnar Lodbrok, akakandwa mugomba venyoka.

Saka, Ivar nehama dzake vakasarudza Northumbria kwavo kutsiva uye nokuti umambo ipapo kupfuura dzimwe uyu aitambura kwevagari vemo. Yomunharaunda kwamachinda vakakamukana. Imwe hafu vakatsigira akabvuta chigaro. Vamwe aitarisira kudzokera Osbert, uyo ari mhuri youmambo uye aiva chepamutemo kodzero choumambo (vakasiyana neyamapani akaberekerwa Ella II).

vendetta

Vahedheni yakarwisa Northumbria November 1866 gore. An hondo vanenge 10 zviuru vanhu akatungamirira mutungamiri Danish VaViking Ivar. VaKristu zvakanga Zuva reVasande Vose - musi zvavakanga dzinozivikanwa kukanganwa pamusoro zvombo uye norugare vakaenda kuchechi. VaViking ndikavabata romuromo. Mukuwedzera, zvadzakaitawo uye kukakavadzana pakati kwamachinda. Kusvikira zuva rokupedzisira Northumbria madzishe haana kutora chero matanho chakakomba kudzivirira nyika, achitarisira kuti dutu achapfuura navo ndiburukire pamusoro yakavakidzana Mercia.

Somugumisiro pakati Anglo-Saxons vaisagona kupa chero zvakakomba nemishonga. King Both vakakurumidza vakatiza. Ivar nehama dzake nehondo akapinda City. Guta, kamwe yakavambwa nevaRoma, zana remakore vakapfuura kuna vokuDenmark. VaViking muchando ikoko uye vachigadzira zvakakuvadza nokusimbaradza uye kugadzirira nebope itsva vaKristu.

By inotevera chitubu (867) Exiles Osbert uye Ella pakupedzisira vayanane uye vakasarudza kushanda pamwe chete. Vakarwisa New York March 23, Palm Sunday. The kamwe kamwe ari Anglo-Saxons unovimbisa kubudirira pakutanga. Zvaiita kuti vavengi vaipanana mabasa. Zvino, chakatsikirirwa nokuda vavengi VaViking vakanga vava kuda kukundwa. Zvisinei, madzimambo maviri hondo yacho mumusungo. Kuburikidza mumakomba masvingo, iye yakagundika New York uye akanga akakombwa yakakura vazhinji VaViking.

Anotyisa murwi Ivar haana chete zvinoshamisa murwi. Munguva dzakaoma inogona kushandisa tactical manomano uye kukunda muvengi pachake pfungwa. The Anglo-Saxons vakakundwa. Ella uye Osbert akarasikirwa hwavo. Tinofanirawo vanotaurawo rufu muurayi Ragnar. Ella zvakatungamirira Ivar uye meso ruzhinji aida kutsiva pasi yakagozha mutongo zvechihedheni - "gondo weropa '. Akuvara akabvarura bhokisi, kudzura rimwe kupenya uye kuseri akacheka "mapapiro". "Blood Eagle" opedza mumwe. Vahedheni vakatenda mwari wavo vehondo, nokuti zvinokosha uye asingakanganwiki kukunda.

Hondo Mercia

Kuva muridzi chairo Northumbria, anokunyengedzera Ivar Ragnarsson akaramba kutora chigaro. Akaita chidzoyi ake King Egbert. Information about munhu uyu sketchy. Kazhinji kacho vaiva-Saxon vakakwirira, apo kuva chinhu chokuita imba youmambo yekare. Egbert dzakakomberedza Viking vakateerera uye akapa ndima revarwi vavo panguva tevera danidziro.

Zvino ndiwo dzoro Mercia. Hazvina ipapo nehondo vakatamira Ivar ari Boneless. King Burgred pamusoro Mercia akatanga kudzidzinga kutsvaka rubatsiro Wessex. Zvichakadai, VaViking vagara pamasvingo Nottingham, apo akadzika chinochechenya musasa. Pakupedzisira hondo King Ethelred pamusoro Wessex akauya kuzonunura Army Burgred pamusoro Mercia. Zvisinei, mubatanidzwa mutsva, chaizvoizvo yaimbovapo, aigona kuita chinhu kunze. The Anglo-Saxons vakaedza taramba mumusasa Viking, asi kuedza ichi chakakundikana.

Mwanakomana Ragnara Ivar Boneless akanga nzira yake. Mercia aibhadhara indemnity guru kuvaHedheni, uye ipapo vakaenda. Panguva ino, Ivar akashandisa kwababa kufarira mazano - kutyisidzira. Akabvuma kuti rugare, asi mukutsinhana nokuti vakakumbira rudzikinuro guru. Mugore 869 vari vakadzokera York.

The kukunda pamusoro Edmund

Shure kwenguva refu zororo Ivar akaenda pokutangira rwendo rwake - East Anglia. Zviri inozivikanwa kwayo akapfuma umambo kuna British mitemo dzemamongi. Panguva munhu vachirwisa Scandinavians vakaedza angabira izvozvo mutemberi sezvo vaikwanisa kuwana nechisimba (achinyanya goridhe). Ubba (iyo Ivar akaisa panotangira wehondo) rakasarudza sezvo chinangwa chayo wemamongi Poterboro. Zvose varanda wemamongi (kusanganisira Abbot) vakaurayiwa. For Monks Viking simbi mupenyu pachake uprofita zvebhaibheri Jeremiah. Kunyange muTestamende Yakare, zvinonzi akafanotaura kuti veropa vatorwa vakanga vachibva kuchamhembe micheto achatakura kuparadza uye nehasha munyika yechiKristu. Hazvishamisi kuti vaKaturike vaigara muBritain, vaiva VaViking sezvo semhedziso zvakaipa yakakurisa, kana akasungirwa misoro yavo muchimiro chaMwari nokuda kwezvivi zvakapfuura.

Kuratidza simba vokuDenmark, Ivar akatuma King Edmund muEast Anglia mashoko umo akadana kuti ave muranda wevahedheni saizvozvo sezvayakaita muna Egbert pakati Northumbria. Namambo akaramba. Zvaiva pachena kuti vanoshora Ivar aireva rufu. Zvisinei, Edmund akanga asingatyi njodzi yakarembera pamusoro pake. Zvichida aiziva kuti aisagona kukunda vokuDenmark, asi akanga achitarisira kuvatadzise apo haana kutsvaga kubatsirwa vatsigiri.

Chero hunganzi mambo, ake urongwa hachina. Edmund akasarudza kutenga nguva nokubvuma kuva yave nyika inotongwa Ivar, kana iye achagamuchira chiKristu. MuHedheni haana kukoshesa kudzidza. A hondo duku East Anglia vakakundwa. Edmund akaurayiwa. Mambo uyu aiva mumwe kupfuura airemekedzwa British vatsvene. Maererano nengano, ivo VaViking akaita atambudzwe miseve, chose inorwadza uye anononoka rufu.

Rwendo kuIreland

Pashure pezviitiko muEast Anglia uye hwokuuraya Edmund basa Ivar zvakare anova chakavanzika. Kudivi rimwe, maererano Chronicle Etelverda Viking ichi akafa nguva pfupi pashure mushandirapamwe. Zvisinei, vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakagumisa kuti uchapupu uhwu ndakanganisa. The maonero wechipiri uye anonyanya yokuti, kuti vapemberere kukunda kuEast Anglia, ivo Scandinavians vakapesana. Mumwe hondo akaramba muBritain uye nokukurumidza vakatanga hondo Wessex, apo mumwe akaenda kuIreland. Iyi ndiyo hondo yechipiri uye akatungamirira Ivar ari Boneless.

Biography Viking akasiyana ichiparara. Uye kana ake chirongwa British anoziva zvikuru zvakawanda rakatevera rwendo mwanakomana Ragnar akaramba ndoda zvakavimbika uchapupu. Kusiya hondo muEngland, vachitungamirirwa munin'ina wake Halfdan, Ivar akataura kundorwa zvemo vagari Picts of Ireland.

chitsuwa ichi vagara nokuti Viking nyika yemagora. Scandinavians nyore atora pano mombe, upfumi uye varanda. Kana England aiva madzimambo manomwe, madzimambo Ireland akatonga kakawanda vane zvinhu zviri saizi kunyange chiduku. kusabatana Ndiyo musimboti vakabudirira kupamba. Mukuwedzera, dzemo zvemo vaigara chinyakare muvanhu. No-kuzvidzivirira mauto akanga asiri kuIreland. Zvisinei, makumi emakore mashomanana asati rehurumende vakawanda Inoziva maoko vatorwa uye kudzidzisa zvinhu nemauto nzira. With wakadaro anokumhan'arira, uye atarisana Ivar. Zvisinei, mamwe mashoko nezvouchapupu kugara Ireland akaramba.

Ivar muhondo

Vakararama uye zvizvarwa Ivar absented kuti Berserk. Saka vakatumidza kupfuura chisimba uye anorwadziwa maronda uye marwadzo Viking varwi. Zvakanga zvakaoma kuwana shamwari nani muhondo. Ndakagomera zvaakatadzisa akazvikandira pamusoro muvengi, kuzunungusa muvengi, kunyanya kutya kwakafuridzirwa mukurumbira wake somunhu muvengi vasina ngoni. Lifestyle berserkers akanga akapoteredzwa chidzitiro pachivande. Varwi ava vakaudzwa vaikwanisa miti miti, kumedza anopisa uye dissect munhu chete nokurohwa ake unopinza demo.

On munda rokurwa Ivar akaenda pasi pomureza pamusoro Ragnar baba vavo. On kanivhasi ichi ichifananidzwa chiratidzo nevakawanda pakati VaViking - Black Raven zvakaora. chiratidzo ichi yaidiwa zviviri kusimbisa mweya mamwe masoja ake, uye kutyisidzira vavengi. Army VaViking Ivar aiwanzotaura nzira kuti "rusvingo nhoo." A kwenzira yakafanana rave richiparadzirwa asi vaRoma avo "hamba" yakakurumbira. Warriors dzakavakwa mudenderedzwa uye akaisa pamwechete nhoo dzavo. Zvinoguma kubvongodzwa nenhare. Yaiva nguva kufungisisa, uye anodzivirira nokuidzivirira.

Rufu nokutapwa muguva

Maererano Ages zvinyorwa, Ivar akafa muna 873 gore. Ezvinhu zvekubva kwake kubva upenyu asingazivikanwi. Kunyange kana mukuru akaurayiwa Ireland, iye Zvechokwadi akavigwa pachavo munyika yavo itsva - muna Northumbria. Fate Ivar muviri kwenguva refu nguva yakaramba isingazivikanwi. Chete XVII remakore, mumwe murimi kubva muguta Repton mahwekwe muguva rekare kuti masayendisiti Kwapera dzinoti sezvo guva yakakurumbira Viking.

Air sagas akachengetedzwa ari kuziva nengano kuti zvisaririra Ivar. vaida muHedheni kuvigwa Northumbria, vachidavira kuti guva rake kuchabatsira vokuDenmark kuhwina mhando dzose vavengi. Apo England akapinda Mambo Harald, chaizvoizvo yakakundwa uye asingakwanisi kukunda nyika. Kuziva pamusoro chituko, iyo exudes murwi Ivar, William Mukundi, nechikepe Britain pakati XI remakore, kutanga vakachera guva. Pashure tsika iyi, Norman akakwanisa kukunda yose England. Ichokwadi kana ngano - chete kutaura hazvibviri. Zvisinei, Ivar zvakarurama gamba vazhinji Ages ngano. Nhoroondo Denmark anoziva zvishoma chinoshamisa uye vakagwinya vehondo.