Judhasi ndiani? Judhasi Iskariyoti akatengesa sei Kristu?

Nyaya dzemuBhaibheri ndiyo inonyanya kudzidza pane zvinyorwa zvenyika, zvisinei zvakadaro inoramba ichikwezva uye inokonzera kukakavadzana kunopisa. Imwe hero yekuongorora kwedu ndeye muapositori Judhasi Iskariyoti, uyo akatengesa Jesu Kristu. Zita raIskarioti sechirevo chekutengesa uye unyengeri nguva refu iri zita reimba, asi iri rinopomerwa here? Bvunza chero muKristu: "Judhasi ndiani?" Uchapindurwa: "Uyu ndiye munhu ane mhosva yekufira Kristu."

Zita harisi mutsara

Kuna Judhasi-mutengesi, tagara tagara tichijaira. Unhu hwemunhu uyu hunonyangadza uye hunokanganisika. Kana iri zita, Judhasi ndiye zita rakajairika rechiJudha, uye mazuva ano vanowanzonzi vanakomana. MuchiHebheru zvinoreva "kurumbidza Ishe." Pakati pevateveri vaKristu pane vanhu vazhinji vane zita iri, saka, vachizvibatanidza nehutano, zvisingaiti, vasinganzwisisi.

Nhoroondo yaJudha muTestamente Itsva

MuTesitamente Itsva, nyaya yekuti Judhasi Iskariyoti akatengesa sei Kristu inoratidzwa nenzira yakajeka. Pausiku hwemausi mubindu reGetsemane, akaratidza kuvaranda vevapristi vakuru, akawana mari yemasirivha makumi matatu nokuda kwayo, uye paakaona kutyisa kwechiito, haaigona kumira kutambudzika kwehana uye akakwanisa kusvika.

Nokuda kwenhoroondo yenguva yeupenyu hweMuponesi pasi pano, hutungamiri hwekereke yechiKristu hwakasarudzwa chete nemabasa mana, akatsigirwa naRuka, Mateo, Johane naMako.

Yokutanga muBhaibheri ndiyo Evhangeri inonzi kune umwe wevane gumi nevaviri vadzidzi vaJesu - vateveri vaMateu.

Mako akanga ari mumwe wevaApostora makumi manomwe, uye Evhangeri yake yakadzokera shure pakati pezana remakore rokutanga. Ruka akanga asiri mumwe wevadzidzi vaKristu, asi zvinonzwisisika akararama panguva imwechete saAye. Evhangeri yake inonzi inenge hafu yepiri yezana remakore rokutanga.

Ikupedzisira ndiyo Evhangeri yaJohani. Yakanyorwa gare gare kune vamwe, asi ine ruzivo rwakashayikwa mumatatu ekutanga, kubva kwatinodzidza ruzhinji rwemashoko pamusoro pegamba remashoko edu, muapositori ainzi Judha. Iri basa, rakafanana nerekare, rakasarudzwa nababa veChechi kubva kune mamwe makumi matatu eEvhangeri. Magwaro asingazivikanwi akatanga kutumidzwa kuti Apocrypha.

MaBhuku ose mana anogona kunzi mifananidzo, kana mheyo yevanyori vasingazivikanwi, sezvo isingazivikanwi kune vamwe, ivo vakanyora, kana kana yapera. Vanyori vanobvunza Mako, Mateo, Johane naRuka. Ichokwadi ndechokuti maEvhangeri akanga aine makumi matatu, asi akanga asina kubatanidza muChechi yeChechi yeMagwaro Matsvene. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vamwe vavo vakaparadzwa panguva yekuumbwa kwechitendero chechiKristu, asi vamwe vanochengeterwa zvakavanzika. Muzvinyorwa zvevakuru vakuru vekereke yechiKristu pane zvinotaurwa kwavari, kunyanya Irenaeus weLyons uye Epiphany weKupro, uyo aigara muzana remakore rechipiri kana rechitatu, anoreva kuEvhangeri yaJudha.

Chikonzero chekuramba maApokirifa yeEvhangeri iGnosticism yevanyori vavo

Irenaeus weLyons munyori wezvinyorwa akakurumbira, kureva, mudziviriri uye nenzira dzakawanda muvambi wechidzidzo chechiKristu chinotanga kubuda. Iye ndeyekugadzwa kwezvinyorwa zvekutanga zvechiKristu, zvakadai sedzidziso yeUtatu Utatu, pamwe nehukuru hwePapa seanomutevera kuMutumwa Petro.

Akataura pfungwa inotevera pamusoro pehupenyu hwaJudhasi Iskariyoti: Judhasi murume aive nemaonero ekutenda muna Mwari. Iskariyoti, maererano naIrenaeus weLyons, aitya kuti nechikomborero chaKristu rutendo nekugadzwa kwemadzibaba, ndiko kuti, Mitemo yaMosesi, yaizobviswa, uye saka vakave mubatsiri mukusungwa kwaMudzidzisi. Pamusoro pevaapositori vanegumi nevaviri, Judha chete ndiye aibva kuJudhiya, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi anofungidzirwa kuti aidavira kutenda kwevaJudha. Vakasara vaapostora ndivo vaGarirea.

Simba remunhu Irinaeus Lyonsky harina mubvunzo. Mune zvinyorwa zvake, pane kutsoropodza kwemabasa pamusoro paKristu aivapo panguva iyoyo. Mu "Kuratidzira mahedheni" (175-185 gg.), Anonyora pamusoro peEvhangeri yaJudha sebasa regnostic, kureva, iro risingagoni kuonekwa neChechi. Gnosticism inzira yekuziva, yakabva kune zvokwadi uye uchapupu hwechokwadi, nekutenda chinhu chinoshamisa kubva muchikamu chemusingazivikanwi. Chechi inoda kuteerera kunze kwekufungidzirwa, izvozvi, mafungiro ezvokufunga nezvezvake, kumasakaramente uye kuna Mwari pachake, nokuti Mwari chinhu chisingazivikanwi.

Sensational document

Muna 1978, panguva yekuchera muEgypt, kuvigwa kwakawanikwa, apo pane zvimwe zvinhu pakanga pane mupumburu wepumbyusi pamwe nemashoko akanyorwa se "Evhangeri yeJudha". Ichokwadi chebhuku racho hazvina mubvunzo. Zvese zvidzidzo zvinogona kuitika, kusanganisira nzira dzekugadzirwa kwemashoko uye radiocarbon, dzakapa mhedziso kuti dhiyabhorosi yakanyorwa munguva yechitatu kubva kune yechina yezana remakore edu. Kuenderera mberi kubva pane zvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvakagumiswa kuti rugwaro rwakakawanikwa nderwendo kubva kuEvhangeri yaJudha, pamusoro paIrenaus weLyons anonyora. Zvechokwadi, munyori wake haasi mudzidzi waKristu, muapositori Judhasi Isikariyoti, asi mumwe Judhasi, uyo aiziva nhoroondo yeMwanakomana waShe zvakanaka. Muvhangeri iyi unhu hwaJudhasi Iskarioti hunonyatsomiririrwa. Zvimwe zviitiko muEvhangeri dzebhaibheri zvinowedzera mubhuku iri nemashoko.

Zvitsva zvitsva

Maererano nemashoko akawanikwa, zvinoreva kuti muapositori Judhasi Iskariyoti murume mutsvene, uye kwete muchengeti anove akavimba munaMesiya ane chinangwa chokuzviwanira pachake kana kuva mukurumbira. Akange aidiwa naKristu uye akazvipira kwaari zvishoma kupfuura vamwe vadzidzi. Yaiva Judha Kristu uyo akazarura zvose zvakavanzika zveDenga. Mu "Evhangeri yaJudhasi", somuenzaniso, zvakanyorwa kuti akanga asiri Ishe Mwari pachake uyo akasika vanhu, asi mweya weSaklas, mubatsiri wemutumwa akagwa, uyo akanga ane moto unotyisa, akasvibiswa muropa. Kuzarurirwa kwakadaro kwakapesana nedzidziso dzedzidziso dzaive dzichienderana nemafungiro eVabereki veChechi yechiKristu. Zvinosuruvarisa, nzira yechirongwa chakasiyana-siyana, isati yasvika mumaoko emaasayendisiti, yakanga yakareba kwazvo uye ine mhinzwa. Mazhinji epapyrus akaparadzwa.

Nhema yenyika yeJudha ndeyekunyengedzera

Kuumbwa kwechiKristu ndechechokwadi chakavanzika nezvisimbiso zvinomwe. Kurwisana kwechisimba nguva dzose kunopesana nekunyepedzera hakuiti kuti vateyi venyika vadzidzise chitendero. Chii chinotyisa mukunzwisisa kwevapristi? Izvi zvinopesana nemafungiro evaya vane simba nesimba, uye mumazuva iwayo simba uye simba zvakanga zviri mumaoko epapapa.

Mifananidzo yekutanga yaJudhasi yakagadzirwa nehutano hwevakuru vechechi kurongedza machechi. Ndivo ndivo vakanyora kuti Judhasi Iskarioti anofanira kutarisa sei. Mifananidzo ye frescoes yaGiotto di Bondone neCimabue, inoratidza kusveta kwaJudhasi, inowanikwa munyaya yacho. Judhasi anovatarisa semhando yakaderera, isina basa uye inonyangadza, kuvekidzwa kwezviratidzo zvakashata zvikuru zvehupenyu hwevanhu. Asi zvinobvira here kufungidzira munhu akadaro pakati pehama dzepedyo dzeMuponesi?

Judhasi akadzinga madhimoni uye akaporesa varwere

Tinonyatsoziva kuti Jesu Kristu akaporesa vanorwara, akamutsa vakafa, kudzinga madhimoni. Muvhangeri dzevhangeri dzinonzi Iye akadzidzisa zvakafanana kuvadzidzi vake (Judhasi Isikariyoti haasi iye oga) uye akavaudza kuti vabatsire avo vose vanoshayiwa uye kuti vasatora chero zvipo. Madhimoni aitya Kristu uye paakaonekwa vakasiya miviri yevanhu vavakatambudza. Zvakaitika sei kuti madhimoni emakaro, unyengeri, kutengesa nemamwe maitiro akaipa Judhasi kana akagara ari pedyo neMudzidzisi?

Kutanga kusava nechokwadi

Mubvunzo: "Judhasi mumwe munhu: mutengesi wokunyengedzera kana mutendi wekutanga wechiKristu ari kumirira kugadziriswa?" Mamiriyoni vanozvibvunza munguva yose yechiKristu. Asi kana muMiddle Ages kuti zviongorori zvebhuku iri zvisingatongogoni kuvimba ne-auto-da-fe, saka mumazuva edu tine mukana wekuenda kuchokwadi.

Mumakore 1905-1908. Mune "Theological Bulletin" nyaya dzakawanda dzaPurofesa Mitrotan Dmitrievich Muretov, purofesa weMoscow Theological Academy, wezvechikoro cheOrthodox, yakabudiswa. Vakatumidzwa kuti "Judhasi mutengesi".

Mavari, purofesa akaratidza kusava nechokwadi kuti Judhasi, achitenda muhuMwari hwaJesu, aizomupandukira. Zvechokwadi, kunyange muEvhangeri dzevhangeri hapana chibvumirano chakakwana pamusoro pezvakanaka zvemuapositori. Nhau yemakumi matatu emasirivha inoratidzika isinganzwisisiki, zvose maererano nemari yemari, uye maererano nemutendi-anoda mucheche - akazvimedura nyore nyore navo. Kana kuda kwemari kwaiva mhirizhonga yake, saka vamwe vadzidzi vaKristu vaisazomutenda kuti aparadze mari. Kuva nemaoko ake mari yemunharaunda, Judha aigona kuvabata ndokusiya shamwari dzake. Uye ndeyei makumi matatu esirivha yaakagamuchira kuvapristi vakuru? Ndizvo zvakawanda kana zvishoma here? Kana yakawanda, saka nei Judhasi ane makaro asina kuenda navo, asi kana zvishoma, nei akavatora? Muretov anonyatsoziva kuti kubvumira kwakanga kusiri chinangwa chinokurudzira chezviito zveJudha. Zvichida, purofesa anotenda, Judhasi aigona kutengesa Tenzi wake nekuda kwekuora mwoyo kwake Mukudzidzisa kwake.

Muzivi weAustria uye nyanzvi yepfungwa Franz Brentano (1838-1917), zvisinei nokuti Muretov, akaratidza pfungwa yakafanana.

Jorge Luis Borges naAnatole France muzviito zvaJudha vakazvipira uye kuzviisa pasi pechido chaMwari.

Kuuya kwaMesiya maererano neTesitamente Yekare

MuTesitamende Yekare, pane uporofita hunotaura nezvekuuya kwaMesiasi - Acharambwa nehupirisita, akatengeswa nemari makumi matatu, akarovererwa, akamutswa, uye kereke itsva ichabuda muzita rake.

Mumwe munhu aifanira kupfuura Mwanakomana waMwari mumaoko emaFarise nemari makumi matatu emari. Uyu aive Judhasi Iskariyoti. Aiziva Magwaro uye aisagona kubatsira asi kunzwisisa zvaaiita. Aita murairo waMwari uye akaiswa mucherechedzo nevaporofita mumabhuku eTesitamende Yekare, Judhasi akaita hurukuru. Zvinokwanisika kuti akakurukura kuuya kwaIshe mberi, uye kutsvoda hachisi chiratidzo chete kuvashumiri vevapristi vakuru, asiwo kuparadzanisa kune Mudzidzisi.

Sezvo ari mudzidzi wepedyo uye wakavimbika zvikuru waKristu, Judhasi akazvitora basa rekuve iro iro zita rake raizoparadzwa nokusingaperi. Izvi zvinoitika kuti Evhangeri inotiratidza zvibairo zviviri - Ishe vakatumira Mwanakomana wavo kune vanhu, zvekuti akazvitora pamusoro pezvivi zvevanhu ndokuvashambidza neropa rake, uye Judhasi akazvipira sechibayiro kuna Ishe kuitira kuti zvakataurwa kuburikidza nevaporofita vekare vepestamende yekare zvizadziswe. Mumwe munhu aifanira kuzadzisa basa iri!

Chero ani zvake mutendi achati, kubvuma kutenda muna Mwari vatatu, hazvibviri kufungidzira munhu akanzwa nyasha dzaIshe uye akaramba asina kuchinja. Judhasi murume, kwete ngirozi yakaputsika kana dhimoni, saka haaikwanisa kuva asina kunaka.

Nhoroondo yaKristu naJudhasi muIslam. Sangano reChechi yechiKristu

MuKorani nhau yaJesu Kristu inomiririrwa zvakasiyana pane muEvhangeri dzevhangeri. Hapana kurovererwa kweMwanakomana waMwari. Bhuku guru reMuslim rinotaura kuti mufananidzo waJesu wakatorwa nomumwe munhu. Uyu akaurayiwa pane Ishe. Mukati mekare mabhuku anonzi kuti maitiro aJesu akatora Judhasi. Mune imwe yeapokirifa kune nyaya iyo mune ramangwana muapositori Judhasi Iskariyoti inooneka. Nhoroondo yake, kana iwe uchitenda uchapupu uhwu, kubva paudiki, hwakabatanidzana nehupenyu hwaKristu.

Muduku muduku Judhasi akanga achirwara kwazvo, uye, Jesu paakauya kwaari, mukomana wacho akamumedza parutivi, mune rumwe rutivi rwakazoputirwa nepfumo rimwe remauto anorinda mitambo yakarovererwa pamuchinjikwa.

Islam inofunga kuti Kristu muporofita, uyo ane dzidziso yakatsauswa. Izvi zvakafanana chaizvo nechokwadi, asi Ishe Jesu vakafanoona izvi mamiriro ezvinhu. Pane imwe nguva Akati kumudzidzi wake Simoni: "Ndiwe Petro, uye padombo iri ini ndichasika Kereke Yangu, uye masuo egehena haangamukundi ..." Tinoziva kuti Petro akaramba Jesu Kristu katatu, zvirokwazvo, akamupa katatu. Sei Akasarudza munhu uyu nokuda kwenheyo yeChechi Yake? Ndianiko mutengesi mukuru - Judhasi kana Petro, uyo neshoko rake aigona kuponesa Jesu, asi akaramba kuita katatu?

Evhangeri yaJudha haigone kurega vatendi vechokwadi vorudo rwaJesu Kristu

Kune vanhu vanotenda avo vakawana nyasha dzaIshe Jesu Kristu, zvakaoma kugamuchira kuti Kristu haana kurovererwa pamuchinjikwa. Zvinokwanisika here kunamatira muchinjikwa kana zvinhu zvinopesana nezvakanyorwa muEvhangeri ina zvinoratidzwa? Nzira yekufananidza sei nesakaramende yeEucharist, panguva iyo vatendi vanodya Mutumbi neropa raShe, avo vakafira pamuchinjikwa muzita rekuponesa vanhu, dai pakange pasina rufu rwunorwadza rweMuponesi pamuchinjikwa?

"Vakaropafadzwa avo vasina kuona nekutenda," akadaro Jesu Kristu.

Vatendi munaIshe Jesu Kristu vanoziva kuti Aripo, kuti Anonzwa uye anopindura minyengetero yose. Izvi zvinokosha. Uye Mwari anoramba achida uye achiponesa vanhu, kunyange zvazvo mumachechi zvakare, sapanguva yaKristu, pane mabhenji ezveshambadziro chipo chekutenga makendeni ezvibayiro uye zvimwe zvinhu kune izvo zvinonzi chipo chinorayirwa, kazhinji pane zvakakwirira kudhura mutengo wezvinhu zvakatengeswa. Iko yakanyatsorongerwa mutengo matheti inokonzera manzwiro ehukama kune vaFarisi vakatengesa Mwanakomana waMwari. Zvisinei, usamirira kuti Kristu auye pasi zvakare uye atakure tsvimbo kubva paBaba vababa vake netsvimbo, sezvaakaita makore maviri kana kupfuura makore akapfuura nevatengesi vejiva nevana. Zviri nani kutenda muhupo hwaMwari uye kwete kuwira muchivi chekutongwa, asi kubvuma zvose sechipo chaMwari nekuda kwekuponeswa kwemweya yevanhu vasingafi. Haisi ngozi yaAraira kuti aise Chechi Yake mutengesi katatu.

Nguva yekuchinja

Pamwe, kuwanikwa kwechigadzirwa, chinozivikanwa seChristi Code, neEvhangeri yaJudha ndiko kutanga kwekupedzisira kwevhangeri reJudha. Inguva yekufungazve mafungiro evaKristu kune munhu uyu. Mushure mezvose, yakanga iri ruvengo kune iye akazvara chiitiko chinonyangadza chakadai sekurwisa-Semitism.

Torah uye Koran zvakanyorwa navanhu vakanga vasina kubatana nechiKristu. Kwavari, nhau yaJesu weNazareta inongova chiitiko chehupenyu hwemweya hwevanhu, uye kwete iyo inonyanya kukosha. Kuvenga kwevaKristu kunopindirana nevaJudha uye nevaMuslim (tsanangudzo pamusoro pemisangano inoitwa kuti inotyisa utsinye nemakaro emagetsi emuchinjikwa) nemurairo wavo mukuru: "Dananai!"?

Torah, Koran, uye vanozivikanwa zvikuru, nyanzvi dzechiKristu dzinoremekedzwa havatongi Judhasi. Uyewo hatingaiti. Mushure mezvose, mupositora Judhasi Iskariyoti, uyo hupenyu hwatakabata zvishoma, hahupfuuri kune vamwe vadzidzi vaKristu, mupostori mumwechete Petro, somuenzaniso.

Nguva yemberi ndeyokuti chiKristu chive chitsva

Muzivi mukuru weRussia Nikolai Fyodorovich Fedorov, muvambi weRussia cosmism, akakurudzira kukura kwezvinhu zvose zvemazuva ano (cosmonautics, genetics, molecular biology uye chemistry, ecology nezvimwe), akanga ari muchechi weChristian Orthodox uye aidavira kuti ramangwana revanhu neruponeso rwake - iyo iri muchitendero chechiKristu . Hatifaniri kupa mhosva zvitadzo zvekare zvevaKristu, uye hatiedzi kuita zvitsva, kuva nemutsa uye kuva nengoni kune vanhu vose.