Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich: Biography, mhuri

The ramangwana echimurenga Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich akaberekwa musi November 22, 1893 mune muduku musha Cabana, kuti mudunhu Kiev. Information about baba vake yakavhenganiswa. Panguva yaitonga Soviet Union, zvakanzi akasimbisa kuti Kaganovich aibva mumhuri yevarombo. Zvisinei, biographers ano ona dzinopikisa shanduro iyi uchapupu vanhu vaiziva Razaro mwana. Saka, vamwe vavo akadana Mozisi Kaganovich Prasol - mutengi-up nezvipfuwo zvikuru zvakaoma.

makore okutanga

Ani naani ari baba, kwete Mwanakomana vakatevera tsoka dzake. Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich sezvinoita mwana akatanga mukudzidzire unyanzvi shangu. With makore 14 akashanda shangu mafekitari. Kaganovich aiva muJudha, vakakoniwa kukanganisa nzvimbo yaro Russian Empire. Vazhinji vechiJudha akamanikidzwa kutsungirira Pale pakati Settlement uye zvakasiyana Vachinyunyuta neKusharwa kweVanhu. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, vaJudha vakawanda vakapinda chimurenga.

Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich ari mupfungwa iyi haisi anosara. Zvisinei, bato rake raiva kujairika sarudzo muJudha. Nepo vechiJudha chirwirangwe kuti abatane vapanduki, Mensheviks, Social kuipandukira uye Bundists. Razaro atoteverawo mumakwara, Michael wake mukoma, uye muna 1911 akabatana Bolsheviks.

muduku Bolshevik

upenyu jaya racho rakava chaiwo muenzaniso echimurenga kwezvakatipoteredza. Akanga nguva asungwa kwenguva pfupi, uye kuti Bolshevik kugara achichinja nzvimbo yavo yokugara: .., Kiev, Ekaterinoslav, Melitopol, etc. Pazvose maguta aya Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich akasika bato madenderedzwa uye mibatanidzwa ose vanogadzira shangu uye tanners. Pausiku pokuchinja iye akagara Yuzovka. Kushanda uye rutsigiro pane imwe fekitari shangu womunharaunda, Kaganovich akasangana wechiduku Nikitoy Hruschevym. Mune ramangwana, vakaramba vachikurukurirana pamusoro makore ake basa mubato.

Mushure October Revolution Kaganovich vakaenda Petrograd, kwaakanga akasarudzwa kuti Constituent Assembly pedyo Bolsheviks pasi. Mune remangwana, Jesu akaronga agitational mabasa, kusanganisira richangobva akasika Red Army. Apo hondo yakatanga, nhengo yebato wechokwadi vakatanga kushanda panguva mberi: muna Nizhny Novgorod, Voronezh uye Central Asia.

In Turkestan Kaganovich akazova nhengo veko RCP (b) ndokupinda Revolutionary Military Council of Turkestan Front. Party wamambo akagadzwa sachigaro weguta dare Tashkent. Panguva Kaganovich akasarudzwa kuti Central Executive Committee of RSFSR. Kumhanyira nokuti nomenklatura manera muduku nhengo dzebato vasingagoni kuramba pasina pfungwa Stalin, panguva iyoyo inoitwa pambiru vanhu commissar nokuda vemarudzi.

Stalin kuti henchman

Under Lenin wechiduku Kaganovich akava wepachokwadi mutsigiri Stalin, kutsigira payo yomukati-party hondo. Kurwisana pakati Bolsheviks vatungamiriri payakatanga pakarepo pashure pokufa kwake dzinoparadzirwa mutungamiri muna 1924. Stalin, tichigadzirira kunetsana pamwe Trotsky nevamwe iye Politburo nhengo kusingafadzi, akatanga vachikwidziridza evatsigiri zvake. Koba aiva administrative zvekuvaka, sezvo munyori Central Committee angadai sarudza varume vake bato inokosha mbiru.

Ndakawana nzvimbo yaro iri anorimwa uye Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Mhuri uye vechidiki wamambo akanga zvakasimba akasungwa Ukraine - zviri ikoko sezvo General Munyori Central Committee of veko vakasarudza kuti Stalin. Nepo pasina udzvinyiriri yati yambowanikwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, simba rezvizhinji haana rwisanai pfungwa, uye bato vakagamuchira waari inokosha.

In Ukraine

Kamwe muna Ukraine, Lazar Kaganovich akatanga kutevera mutemo pamusoro "Ukrainization" - .. Kurudzirai National tsika, chikoro, mutauro, etc. In nzvimbo yake itsva Bolshevik ndina yakawanda Hardware vaimushora, pakati waiva sachigaro Republican Council of vanhu Commissars Vlas Chubar uye commissar of Education Alexander Shumsky . Muna 1928, vakatanga nzira dzavo, uye Stalin, Kaganovich anoyeuka kuMoscow. Paaigara muhofisi mukuru munyori Communist Party (Bolsheviks) rweUkraine akaita zvimwe kupora pashure Civil War.

Guide collectivization

Tichidzokera guru Kaganovich, Stalin akamusiya Boka rake yevashandi uye akagadza munyori Moscow Committee veboka. Uyezve, Lazar akava chigaro muna Politburo. The Central Committee, akava nemhosva kurima. Just pakupera kwezana 20s uye 30s. vanhuwo zvavo akatsungirira dispossession. Kaganovich Aitarisira kusikwa mumapurazi. Zvanzi akavimbika mutsigiri Stalin uye nevarikutonga akaita basa kunzwisisa mamiriro chirongwa mumusha.

Nokuti mupiro kuna collectivization pamusoro Kaganovich, mumwe wokutanga kugamuchira vachangobva kusikwa Order of Lenin. Stalin, kamwe zvakare nechokwadi kutendeka kwake, akaita ake protégé President of Commission, akaita chikuru kunopinda mukati veboka 1933-1934. Panguva ino Kaganovich akagara Moscow "mutariri" apo mutungamiri aenda mazororo chirimo muGungwa Dema.

At musoro vanhu Commissariat pakati Railways

Ndokusvika vokutanga Five-Year Plan. Nhangemutange zvoupfumi awana kushandisa uye Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Biography wamambo kwaizova kukwana pasina kutaurwa basa rake ari pamusoro vanhu Commissariat pakati Railways. Vakagadzwa kuti chinzvimbo ichi muna 1935, akarasikirwa ake pambiru iri Moscow Committee veboka. Midziyo permutation chaipiwa sezvo nokuwedzera. Kubva pfungwa nemaonero Stalin, Kaganovich kufamba zvinopinda yayo ezvinhu, mukati yaakanga kumbobvira kusimbiswa mumaoko protege ake mbiru zvakawandisa uye simba.

Apo Lazar muna vanhu Commissariat pamusoro Railways kwakavandudza motokari yomuropa, saka zvinokosha kuti ipapo kumanikidzwa mazuvaano. Takavaka nzira itsva uye yoku- akwegura (vamwe vavo vakanga vari ezvinhu anosuruvarisa nokuda upenyu hurefu uye nematambudziko ari Civil War).

Moscow chivakwa

Nokuti kubudirira ake Kaganovich akanga paakavapa Unorudzi Labor Banner. Mukuwedzera, muna 1936 - 1955 makore. zita rake akapfeka Moscow Metro (akazopiwa zita Lenin). Raiva vanhu commissar pamusoro Railways akatarisira kuvakwa "pevhu" iri guru. Mukudzora kwake rinoitwa uye vavakezve Moscow. City akatora mufananidzo mutsva guru proletarian wehurumende. Panguva iyoyowo makereke akawanda zvakaparadzwa. Vanhu commissar of kuputika aiva mutariri mutemberi Kristu Muponesi.

Mukupera 30 Kaganovich Panguva vakananga simba uye upfumi madhipatimendi (rinorema mafuta uye maindasitiri mafuta). The People wacho Commissars (hurumende) akava mutevedzeri sachigaro Bolshevik komuredhi Molotov.

Mumakore udzvanyiriri

Muna 1937 Stalin yakatanga chikuru itsva danidziro purges vari mubato uye Red Army. Kaganovich, sezvo kuva, nesimba rake rose rinotsigirwa mukuru danho. Iye kwakamutsa udzvanyiriri kwete chete warwo vanhu Commissariat pamusoro Railways, asiwo aida kutsvaka tupukanana uye vavengi vanhu tiers vose vanhu yeSoviet.

Kaganovich - shamwari yepedyo Stalin, kuwana zvawanyora, izvo vakapfurwa pamwe akabvumirwa utungamiri bato. The Kremlin yamabhuku hwevanhukadzi vakawanda magwaro vakanga yakasainwa Nevanhu vaJehovha commissar. Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika kuverenga chete bara avo rinodonongodza vanhu 19.000. Other kwakadaro anofungidzirwa Stalin vaiva Molotov, Voroshilov uye Yozhov (gare gare bara). Kaganovich akatungamirira purges uye pasi. Kuti izvi zvidaro, akafamba muna 1937 mune dzimwe dziri USSR (mu Vol. H. Yaroslavl, Ivanovo uye Kiev nharaunda). Party wamambo akanga zvaisanganisira uye kuti wakashata Katyn vauraye - kuurayiwa akabatwa Polish vakuru.

Great Patriotic War

Panguva Great Patriotic War, Kaganovich (sezvo vanhu commissar pakati Railways) raiva basa iri kubvisa mabhizimisi kumabvazuva kwenyika yacho. The guru mutoro yakaiswa munjanji, izvo kazhinji yakakunda basa ravo. indasitiri Soviet akakwanisa nokukurumidza kugadzirisa basa neshure uye kutanga zvose zvakafanira zvokushandisa zviri mberi. Muna 1942, vanhu commissar zvaisanganisira muna Military Council of North Caucasian Front. Asi kunyanya iye aishanda muMoscow uye kumaodzanyemba akashanyira vanosvika. Kamwe muna Tuapse, apo murayiro pambiru panguva kubhomba akakuvadzwa shrapnel ari ruoko. Pamberi Kaganovich vakateverera basa rake matare zvechiuto uye Vachuchisi zvechiuto.

In yechipiri yezana hondo Stalin akatanga zvinosanganisira State Committee Kudzivirira kwenhengo itsva. Pakati pavo paiva Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Books kare zvinoratidza kuti haana kutamba hombe basa T-mabhiri uye zvisinganyanyi chezita zvekushandisa nhamba.

kurasikirwa simba

Mumakore okupedzisira makore Stalin, Kaganovich akaramba kugara pamusoro hurumende mbiru. Se "handyman", akanga atarisire Bazi Construction Materials Industry. Uyezve, Lazar akadzokera Politburo of CC CP (b) rweUkraine.

Mushure mokufa Stalin , Kaganovich akatora nechisimba bato hondo. Pakutanga aimutsigira kubviswa Beria. Zvisinei, muna 1957 pamwe chete chete Molotov uye Malenkov waibatanidzwa itsva "Anti-Party boka" uye kubviswa ake dzaro dzose. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Kaganovich, Khrushchev aiziva kubva panguva chimurenga uye pane dzimwe nguva kunyange vakabatsira kukwirira ake kuhondo paitonga Stalin nomenklatura.

Vaimbove vanhu commissar akatuma honorary kuutapwa Asbestos, kwaakagara basa bato. Muna 1961, akanga pakupedzisira kudzingwa mubato uye akatumirwa kuKalinin. Kaganovich kukwegura hwakapedzerwa oga - mufananidzo wake haana akaoneka pamusoro political jengachenga. Nechekare munguva kugadzirisa usati aigona kusvika venhau akanyora ndangariro imwe-soro vakuru veSoviet of Stalin yaitonga. Vaimbove commissar akafa July 25, 1991 aine makore 97.

mhuri

Kufanana zvose anofungidzirwa Stalin, Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich, ane upenyu pachake ari fused pamwe basa, handina ruzivo kupfuura imwe mhuri mutambo. vakwegura, Michael munin'ina wake, pakutanga akabatana Bolshevik Party, aiva vanhu commissar pamusoro Aviation Industry of USSR. Muna 1940 iye akabviswa pachigaro uye akapa nyevero. Michael, tichiziva kuti nokukurumidza vave nedambudziko NKVD, akanga akazviuraya. dzimwe hama mbiri Kaganovich luckier. Israeri aishanda dheri uye nyama Mazinga, uye Israeri zvevanhu Commissariat pamusoro Foreign Trade.

mudzimai Kaganovich kuti Maria Privorotsky vakabatanawo RSDLP muna 1909 .. Panguva yaitonga Soviet Union, kushanda zvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa, akatungamirira dzimba vana uye aiva mutevedzeri of Moscow City Council. Apo muduku Mary akanga achiparidza agitational mabasa bato, iye akasangana murume wake ramangwana Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Vana vaviri: mwanasikana wake Maya (vakagadzirira Bhuku netsamba baba vake), uye vakagamuchira mwanakomana, Yuri.