Khokhol is ... A variety of meanings

Zvinoshamisa kuti, mumaRussia yemazuva ano pane pfungwa dzakawanda dzezwi iri. Chikafu chinotanga kuve chivharo kana shum yemvere dzemakwai, mapepa pamusoro, uye zvisinei nenzvimbo yavo (kumashure, mberi, kurutivi). MuUkraine, chivako ichi chinonzi "Oseledets". Ndizvo zvinoreva chiUukraine muchirevo chese! Kutaura kwakarurama nekururama kwemazita dzimwe nguva inofunga kufunga.

Zvinoreva izwi rokuti "Khokhol"

Anowanzoitikawo senjiva, chicken. Nenzira, zita rinowanzonzi re hen rinokwidza. Kusvikira munguva pfupi ichangopfuura, vaNizhny Novgorodians vaiva nehombe duku - ruff ndogo (yakadaro hove). MuKostroma, Khokhlushka (kwete kuzovhiringidzika nemudzimai wake Khokhla) kazhinji yakavharwa kubva pane chimwe chinhu, zvichida nekuda kwesabata. MuchiArkhangelsk gubernia, muKhokhlak kana kuti Khokhlusha ainzi sabata yekuzvarwa kwechisimbiso chechikafu chake chisina maturo necheki; Munzvimbo imwe chete, iyo Khokhlushka idhini duku. Sezvaunogona kuona, mazita ose aya anowirirana zvakananga nekutangira, bvudzi rakaputika kana mhete pamusoro.

Mumwe Khokhol musha uri munzvimbo ye Voronezh. Uye rwizi rine zita rimwe chete.

Inonyadzisa zita revanhu

Imwe tsanangudzo yeshoko rokuti "Chiukraine" ndiro zita rezita revaUkraine, raimbova pejorative kana rinokuvadza, ikozvino riri kuwedzera. Maererano neduramazwi Ozhegova, ndiani anonzi Ukrainians? Aya ndiwo maUkrainechete. Dal mune duramazwi rake rinotsanangura zvinoreva izwi rokuti "Ukrainian" se "Ukrainian, Little Russian". Heano mimwe mienzaniso kubva kune tsanangudzo yake duramazwi: "Khokhol inonyengera kupfuura guhu, asi mutsara mukuru"; "Khokhol haarevi nhema, asi haazorevi chokwadi zvakare." Kune rumwe rutivi, unogona kuona mazwi akadaro sekunyadziswa kana kutuka rudzi rwose. Kune rumwe rutivi, chiEuropean yemazuva ano, zvichida, inongoseka, uye kunyange chenjerera nezvezvinyorwa zvakadaro.

Kunzwisisa kwakasiyana

Zvisinei, zvisati zvaitika, uye ikozvino mafungiro kune shoko rokuti "Khokhol" inonyanyisa. Vanhu vekuMadokero vekuUkraine vakaona uye vanoona iyi zita rezita rekunyadzisa. MuEngland yeUkraine, zvisinei, ivo vanotaura nezve "Khokhlu" nekuseka panzvimbo pokudarika. Uye avo vanoshanda kune imwe nyika, zvikurukuru muRussia, vagari vekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumaodzanyemba kweUkraine, vachizviziva ivo neshoko iri, vachazvikudzawo vachisimudza misoro yavo.

A bit of history

Chikonzero chemafungiro aya, maitiro akadaro, akadzoka kusvika kumazana zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe, apo Siberia yakanga iri kukurumidza kukura nekukura kukuru kwevanhu kubva kuMarorossia (vagari vemadokero mahara, uye ipapo Galicia, kureva, Galician, havana kubatanidzwa muchiitiko ichi chakaitika) vakatamira kune itsva Hara, asi yakasununguka uye yakakura nyika. Ichokwadi, kwete ivo chete. Russian, Byelorussian, Chuvash, Tatars, Mordva, etc. vakagara pedyo.Ikusiyana kwemarudzi kwakabereka chido chekuzvimirira, kuitira kuti urege kurasikirwa nahwo. Uye shoko rokuti "khokhol" yevaUkraine rakava nezita mumamiriro aya. Tichacherechedza, ivo vakazvitsaurira ivo uye havana kuona mukati mavo chinhu chinonyadzisa uye kunyanya kunyomba. Nenzira, sekune vaRussia vagari vemo, hakuna kana munhu akakanganiswa ne "Katsap" kana kuti "Moskal".

Kubva

Iko pfungwa ye "khokhol" yakabva kupi? Pane zvishoma zvashanduri. Inotendwa uye inotendwa ndiyo iyo inonzi Ukrainian Ukrainians yakatanga kudanwa nokuda kwekufananidzira, "mhirizhonga", pamusoro wakachena. Pano pane nhoroondo. Kufanana, neimwe nzira Tsar Petro akakoka Cossacks kuPetersburg. Ikokupedzisira yakagadzira pfungwa inoshamisa kune vagari vemo, kunyanya vakadzi, nekunaka kwavo kunoshamisa. Zaporozhtsy akapiwa zita rezita rokuti "vanhu vakagumburwa" (zvakajeka, nokuda kweizvi), izvo panguva yakafanira nekuda kwekuita nyore kuchinjwa kuva "Khokhlov".

Dzimwe shanduro

Kune dzimwe, zvishoma kudukura, maonero pamusoro peiyi nyaya. Nokudaro, vamwe vanoongorora maitiro vanoona zvakafanana neMongolian shoko rokuti "hal-go", zvinoreva "bhuru-yellow". Yaiva mavara aya aive mureza weGalicia-Volyn, iyo yakaita kuti chiMongolian chigumburwe. Zvisinei, Galicia kwete panguva iyoyo kana gare gare kuRussia Little haana chaaiita. Kwete, kwaiva, hongu, iyo yakajairika midzi, asi nhau-mhirizhonga yakarambana kwenguva yakareba nenzira dzakasiyana. Iko kune zvimwe, kunyanya kunyengedza, zvinyorwa. Somuenzaniso, mukushandura kubva kuTurkic crest - "mwanakomana wekumatenga", "kudenga".

Türkic version

Kunewo avo vanotaura kuti vaMongol vakauya neRussia kune "maitiro". Pakutanga, fashoni yemusoro wakaveurwa uye yakarongerwa pamusoro payo yakanga iripo kare kare pakati pevanhu vakawanda vemunyika - Varangians, Turks, Mongols kusanganisira chiChinese, nezvimwewo. Uye yakatongorongedzwa chete nemitemo yehutsanana kuitira kuti panguva yakareba , Kana pasina mukana wekutarisira bvudzi, havakotanga mishonga. Chubchik imwechete-uye yakashongedza, uye inoshanda: unogona kupfekedza maitiro akasiyana mairi, ayo aiwanzoita.

Zvino nezvemutungamiri weMongolia. Ne "oseledtsem" madzitateguru evanhu vekuUkraine vemazuva ano vakaungana muzana remakore IX, apo Prince Oleg akauya naye neboka revarangians kuKiev. Hondo yekuMongolia yakaitika, sezvatinoziva, pakati pezana remakore rechi13. Hungu, pamberi pavo paiva nePechenegs, uyewo akaveurwa uye ane maziso edzimba pamusoro. Uye zvakadaro zvose zvakaitika kare kare. MuVarangians "mudzimba" wakanzi sechiratidzo chepamusoro, uye kirasi yakadaro yaizivikanwa kana yakakodzera varwi. Iyi nheyo yakagamuchirwa uye Kievan Rus. Vose vakaberekwa vakakwirira kana vane ruzivo, vanoremekedzwa druzhinniki vaiva nekodzero yekuveura misoro yavo isina musoro, vachisiya refu refu bvudzi. Kurasikirwa naye muhondo kwakaonekwa sechinyadzisa.

Ndivanaani vaUmu Ukrainians?

Pano, pfungwa dzevatsvakurudzi dzinosiyana. Zvimwe zvinotarisa kuTurkey, kupa muenzaniso uye kuonekwa (mabhuruku akareba, mabhanhire akareba, papaha, mhete munzeve, "mhirizhonga"), uye kuronga mauto ("Cossack" - shoko reTurkic), uye mazita anoramba aripo (Kuchma, somuenzaniso, Ichishandurwa se "hombe yakakwirira"), uye zvinhu zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva (hut, tyn, plakhta, namisto). Kunyange kunyanya bvudzi dema uye mavara machena zvinowedzerwa. Asi hazvikwanisi kuitika. Nharaunda yakareba nevatasviki vaisagona asi asiya maitiro kuvanhu. Pedyo neKiei, somuenzaniso, kuchine kugadzirisa kwePechenegi. Kunyange zvakadaro, nheyo yeZaporizhzhya Army imwechete, iyo vamiririri vaitumidzwa kuti hohlami, vakange vambova varimi vekurdniki - vatiza, vaiti vezvakaipa, vatambi vanobva kuMievan Rus yose. Vemamwe Marudzi vaibvumirwa kupinda mumapoka avo, asi vakamanikidzwa kubhabhatidzwa. Saka ruvara rwevhudzi harusi chiratidzo pane zvakadaro. Uye VaUkraine-Vashoma veRussia, pasinei nematambudziko ose ezvakaitika kare, vakaramba vachizivikanwa-mumitambo, nziyo, mararamiro, maonero uye mutauro.

Parizvino, mashoko okuti "Khokhol" uye "Khokhlushka" anowanzoshandiswa nenzira yekutaura muhurukuro.