Ko dollar ichakura muna 2014 here? Izvo zvichaitika zvemadhora muna 2014

Mukupera kwegore ra2013 uye kutanga kwegore ra2014, ruble yakawira zvikuru kudarika dhora. Asi munaJune, mamiriro ezvinhu, sezvakanyorwa mifananidzo yekutengeserana pamisika dzemari dzenyika dzakawanda, yaive yakanyanya kufarira bhishopu yeRussia. Ndezvipi zvezviitiko zvinonzi zvinokosha? Iko dollar ichakura muna 2014 mumwedzi inotevera ichienderana neRuble nemamwe mari epasi?

Zvinhu zvinokosha zve ruble kuderedza

Nyanzvi dzemisika yepasi rose yemari, kuedza kuongorora tarisiro yemari yeRussia, yakaumba mapoka maviri. Vamiririri vekutanga vanoziva kuti ruble icharamba ichineta mune ramangwana, sezvakaitwa mumwedzi yokutanga ya2014. Vanopesana nevatsvakurudzi (kunyanya hurumende vakuru) vanotenda kuti hapafaniri kuva nehanya nehuwandu hwemari yenyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, mifananidzo yacho inonyanya kujeka: pane dzimwe nzvimbo muhomwe yekutengeserana, dhora reUnited States raive nemafuta makumi matatu kana kupfuura, richikwira kumusoro kwepamusoro.

Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvekuti ruble yakanyanyisa "yakanyarara"? Nyanzvi dzinotsanangura maverengeka ezvikonzero. Chokutanga, Central Bank yakanyanyisa kushaya simba pamusoro pekutengesa mari inosanganisira ruble. Nokudaro, pasina kupindira, mari yeRussia yakanga isina simba kudarika kana yaivapo. Chechipiri, kukura kwedhora kwakapira kune vagari veRussia pachavo, vachishanda nesimba mari yeAmerica. Chechitatu, kune chinhu chinonakidza-kune hurumende kubva munharaunda yezvematongerwo enyika, ruble isina simba inobatsira, sezvo zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvakatengeswa zvinotengeswa nemari yekunze, kunyanya US $. Mabhizimisi ayo anotengeswa kune dzimwe nyika, uyewo bhajeti renyika, vanonzwa vakasununguka nokuti ruble iri kurasika kukosha.

Ruble uye dollar: nhamba dzinotarisirwa

Mune nharaunda yehutano, nhamba dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshevedzwa, dzichiratidza imwezve dhora kushandiswa kwema 2014. Zvisinei, chimwe nechimwe chezvifananidzi chinotarisa zvikonzero zvikonzero zvekukura kana kuderera kwemari. Kusiyana mune zvakaratidzwa nedhora rinorwisana neRuble, saka, nemhaka yekusiyana kwevadzidzisi 'kuongorora kwezvinogona kuchinja kwezvinhu zvinokosha pamusoro pekukosha kwemari yeRussia. Semuenzaniso, kana mutengo wamafuta uchiderera kubva kuhutano hwezvino hunopfuura $ 100 pamubhairi kusvika kune makumi masere, ipapo ruble, vaongorori vanotenda, zvingangoerekana zvichitowira mumutengo we 38-39 units per dollar.

Kana mutengo we "ndarama dema" yakakwirira, ipapo mari yeRussia ine mikana yakawanda yekufananidza kuwedzera mumutengo. Zvinonakidza kuti vagari venyika yeRussian Federation ivo pachavo vanongotadza. Sezvo sangano rezvematongerwo enyika rekare rakaratidza , vanhu vokuRussia vari muchidimbu chikuru vanotarisira kupfuurira kwekuyera kwezvinhu zviitiko.

Dollar uye mari yenyika: izwi kune mari

Masangano ekuongorora uye nyanzvi dzinoshanda munyika yekodzero yemari yeAmerica dziri kuedza kuziva kuti tarisiro yebhangi yebhangi iri mumusika. Kune pakati pavo avo vanotenda kuti zvakakosha kuti tive netsika yakanaka yeodhora, muna 2014, zvishoma.

Kunyanya mukuratidzwa kwetariro yemari yemari yemari yekunze kune dzimwe nyika, nyanzvi dzinotenda, inobva mune zvishandiso zvinosanganisira mamwe mabhizinesi, kunyanya, pakati pepaundi sterling ne euro. Vamwe vanyori veUnited States vanofunga kuti zvinowanzoita kuti mari yeBritish ichamuka mumutengo unopikisana ne "continental" nokuti European Central Bank icharamba ichideredza mutemo wekupindira mune zvekutengesa. Dhora racho richakura, nyanzvi dzinoti, maererano nevamwe vanobva kuCanada neNew Zealand, sezvo nhau pamusoro pehupfumi hwema nyika idzi hadzisi yakakwana.

Ko kukura kwedhora kunokosha kune ruble here?

Pane shanduro iyo kuwira mubhizimusi rekutsvaga kwebhizinesi reburle sezvo mari yemakambani ari kusimukira inokonzerwa nekuti muU.S. - nyika ine hupfumi hukuru hwepasi - bhizinesi iri kusimbiswa, semugumisiro wekuti vashandi vanowedzera kuvimba nedhora. Zvinenge zvakafanana zvinogona kuitika muEurope. Musika weRussia (pamwe chete nedzimwe nyika dzichiri kusimukira), uyewo, sevamwe vaongorori vanotenda, vangaita sevatengesi vasina kunaka. Izvo zvingave zviripo zvekusimudzirwa kwehupfumi hweRussia, vanoti vatsigiri vemaonero aya, vakaneta - matsva emabhizimisi uye mhando dzemhando dzebhizimisi dzinodiwa. Pakati pezvakanaka zvemusika weRussia - chikamu chebhajeti, kuwanika kwepasi rose. Mafuta, vaongorori vanotenda, nekunonoka kwekuwira pasi pe $ 100 pamubhairi. Nokudaro, kuwedzera kukura kwedhora muna 2014 maererano nemari yeRussia, kune rumwe rutivi, ine nheyo muhupenyu hwekubudirira kwehupfumi hweAmerica, uye kune imwe - kuenzanisa nenzira yehukama hwakasimba hwemusika weRussia nezvokuchengetedza uye mvura inotengeswa.

Iko mari yezvinhu

Ngatigarei pane chimwe chezvikonzero zvinotarisa kukura kwedhora pamusoro pemari yenyika dzichiri kusimukira, kusanganisira ruble (uye mune dzimwe nguvawo mabhengi amanotsi enyika dzakabudirira) - ndeyekubudirira kunowanikwa pakukunda dambudziko revaAmerica. Nzvimbo dzezvemari dzakabatana nemusika weU.S., unonzi mazhinji maitiro akanaka, izvo zvinobvumira kutaura pamusoro pekugadzirisa kwehupfumi mune zvenyika.

Nheyo yemari yeFed, nyanzvi dzinofunga, dzichave dzakakwana zvishoma uye zvinokonzerwa nekukura kwematokari pamatengo ekugovana. Zvivigiro zvepfuma zvinosvika pakugadzirwa zvakanaka. Nekudaro, mamiriro ezvinhu pamusika weEurope akasiyana zvakasiyana. Bonds yemamwe nyika eEurozone inotanga kukwira. IEuropean Central Bank inofambisa, maererano nevatsvakurudzi, kwete kunyatsoshanda kwemitemo yemari.

Hazvina kunaka nokuda kwe "American" mamiriro ezvinhu

Pakazosvika pakati paJune 2014, musangano weUnited States Federal Reserve unowedzera hutungamiri hwemari hwakaitwa. Panguva chaiyo apo musangano weGerald Reserve rekuenderera mberi , dhora rakakunda zvakakosha. IFed yakasarudza kuderedza nhamba dzakatarisirwa dzekukura kwehupfumi hweUnited States muna 2014, uyewo kusiya mari yekare ya 2015-2016 iri kushanda. Iko yehutengo hwemari inotarisirwa nevari mari, mamiriro ekusava nemabasa anovimbisa kuvandudza zvimwe.

Zvisinei, kukanganisa kwehutengo hwekuAmerica yakawedzera zvakanyanya kupfuura kurongwa - kunyanya, vaongorori vanotenda, nekuda kwekuwa kwekutengeswa. Izvo zvakarongwa zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza kukosha kwehuwandu hwekuda kwehuwandu. Nyanzvi haitarisiri chero shanduko yekuchinja mune mutemo wemari weU.SA, saka havasi vakawanda vakagadziriswa kupa zvirevo zvinokosha zvekukura kwedhora. 2014, saka, zvingasava zvekodzero yemari yeUnited States maererano nekubatanidza zvigaro maererano nemari yenyika dzakabudirira, uye pound uye euro.

Zvinokonzera kuchinja kwekushandura

Chii chinogadzirisa mutengo wemari wemari yenyika? Saizvozvowo kumutengo wekutengesa kwezvimwe zvipfeko, iyo nzira huru iyo inotarisa mari yekubhadhara mabhizinesi enyika dzakasiyana inoda uye inopa. Uyewo, mamiriro ezvinhu ekuumbwa kwemiganhu yezviitiko zviviri izvi anobva pane zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda. Pakati pavo - mutengo wekunze kune dzimwe nyika wenyika, iyo ndiyo inopa mari, mutemo wemari wezviremera (central bank), uyewo zvematongerwe enyika. Pasinei nenguva iyo kuwedzera kwekuwedzerwa kwedhora - 2014 kana imwe, - idzi nzira dzakakosha.

Kutengeserana kwenyika kunze kwenyika seimwe yezvinhu zvinokosha

Kubhadhara mari dzedzimwe nyika pamusika wepasi rese kunobva paukuru hwezvinhu zvekutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa nemabasa. Vatengesi kunze kwenyika, kuitira kuti vabhadhara mari inobatanidza nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvavo, kutenga mari yenyika - yakawanda iyo yekutengesa kune dzimwe nyika, yakakwirira, maererano, kuda kwekubhadhara mari yepamba yenyika uye inowedzera purogiramu yayo painotta. Vatengesi, kuitira kuti vatenge chimwe chinhu kunze kwenyika, vanofanira kutanga vatora mari yekunze.

Vanoumba kudiwa kwaro munyika. Izvo zvakanyanya kuwedzerwa kunyoresa, kunyanya kune kudiwa kwemamwe mabhizimusi emamwe marudzi, uye pasi pezinga rehurumende yenyika. Kana iri yedhora, maitiro aya ose anoshanda. Nokudaro, vatengesi, vachiongorora mukana wekuti dhora richakura muna 2014 uye nechinyiko, kunyanya kudzidza nhamba dzezvematongerwe enyika dzenyika dzeUnited States. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chinogadzirisa zviyero mune mari yekutengeserana ndiyo mari yekubhadhara yehurumende. Kana iri yakanaka, inobatsira kukura kwemari yenyika. Nokudaro, kana hupfumi muUnited States gore rino huchaenda zvakanaka, uye chikamu chichave chakatariswa nemaitiro akanaka, dhora rekushandurwa kwegore ra2014 rine uwandu hwepamusoro huchafanotaurwa sepamusoro.

Kubviswa kwemari sechimwe chinhu mukuumbwa kwenhanho yekushandura

Nzira huru dzekupa mari yemusika - kushandiswa kwayo uye kubudiswa kwezvikwereti kumabhangi ega, mapoka ose emabasa anobudiswa nehurumende uye masangano emari akabatanidzwa. Kana kugoverwa kwemari yemari kuchikurumidzira, ipapo kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwemabhadhati kunogona kusapfuurira neiri, kuitira kuti kuchinja kwehuwandu kuve kuwira. Nyanzvi, dzichigadzira chirevo chedhora ra2014, saka dzinoongorora basa rokudhinda mabhizinesi nemaAmerica emari, uyewo basa ravo mundima yekukweretesa mabhanga ega. Somuenzaniso, mumatambudziko e2008 muUnited States, iyo inonzi Paulson chirongwa yakagamuchirwa. Pasi pemujekiti uyu, mabhangi aida kubhadhara zvikwereti, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvikwereti kubva kumakambani emari - kuti adzikinurwe.

Dzimwe dzimwe nyika dzimwe nguva dzinotora matanho akafanana - somuenzaniso, muRussia kusvika muna 2006, kutengeswa kwechikamu kwakamanikidzwa nevatengesi vemari yokutsinhanisa kune dzimwe nyika kwaiitwa. Mukuwedzera, kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana ekupindira mumusika wepasi rose, mabhizimusi makuru anogona kutsigira mutengo wemari yemari yakawanikwa. Kuongorora mukana wekuti dollar ichakura muna 2014 maererano ne ruble, nyanzvi dziri kutarisa mutemo weCentral Bank yeRussia pamusoro pekupindira mune mari yekutengeserana.

Dhora se "nzvimbo yakachengeteka"

Nedzipi nzira yekuverenga, hupfumi hweUnited States ndihwo hukuru uye humwe hunonyanya kugadzikana munyika. Nokudaro, dhora rine nzvimbo yakakura mumhando yekutenda kubva kuvarimi vanobva kumativi enyika. Chinhu chakakosha ndiyo nhoroondo yemari. Dollar mazana emakore akawanda, uye kwenguva yose yeruzivo rwayo mumusika yakanga iri imwe yenzira huru dzekugara kwenyika dzose. Iko izwi rokuti "mari-refu". Kumadhora eU.S., inoshandiswa nenyanzvi dzakawanda munzvimbo yekutanga (kunyange kune masangano emhando iyi inowanzonzi yen yenyika yeJapan). Aya mari anotorwa seimwe yezvigaro zvakasimba pamusana pekuiswa kwezvinhu zvakawanda. Nokudaro, vatengesi, vachiedza kuzviponesa ivo kubva pamari yezvinhu zvakasikwa, semuenzaniso, mazimusi, kazhinji vanotengesa zvinhu zvavo uye vanovatumira "kunzvimbo yakachengeteka". Izvi zvinoita zvakakosha zvakakosha kuti apindure zvakanaka kumubvunzo wekuti dhora richakura muna 2014. "Hungu," inoti nyanzvi dzinonyanya kukoshesa basa rezvakaitika zvemari yeUS, pamwe chete nehukuru hwehupfumi hweUnited States.