Kumusha matapiri. Nhoroondo mbatatisi kuRussia

Mushure chingwa uye nechipo zvirimwa miriwo uyu Inonyanya, Ungangove kuchaitika yechipiri. Africa kana America, Europe kana Asia - pasinei kondinendi, ivo regale vanhu pasi pose. Tiri saka ajaira kuti vakanga vasisiri funga iye chinhu chitsva uye kwete kumuti pakati kwefuma. Tiri kutaura refu akatizivisa matapiri nguva. Ngatiyeukei nguva apo akanga asati zvakapararira, nezvemimwe nematambudziko chokuita nokurasikirwa wayo, uye kuti nei izvozvo zvichiri saka aikoshesa kuRussia. Asi ngationei kutanga kubva padanho nayo yapararira pasi pose. Chii chaiva nzvimbo yechizvarirwo ari mbatatisi? Zviri Europe kana kumwewo?

kumusha matapiri

It yagara vaidavira kuti mbatatisi akauya kwatiri vachibva kuSouth America. Potato Motherland - Chile, Peru uye kuBolivia. Kunyange nhasi, munguva yedu, muAndes anogona kuonekwa, zvose dzomusango inokura matapiri. Ikoko, panguva imwe kukwira anodarika kiromita, kuti tubers anogona kuwanikwa zvinenge zvose parizvino anozivikanwa mhando. Maererano zvekungofungira masayendisiti, kare maIndia munzvimbo iyoyo aigona kubereka uye crossbreed akasiyana-miti, kusanganisira mbatatisi. Mashoko okutanga chaizvo pamusoro mbatatisi wakabva Spaniard, nhengo pokurwa Yuliana De Castellanos muna 1535. Maererano naye, mealy mudzi chirimwa ichi vakauya kuravidza kunyange vokuSpain. Zvisinei, vanhu vashoma akateerera mashoko ake. Saka unogona zvishoma kutsanangura sei nyaya yakatanga matapiri mavambo (kuparadzirwa kwayo).

How tsika akasvika Europe

Kurondedzerwa dzairamba pamusoro mbatatisi unowanikwa "Chronicle kuPeru" Pedru Chieza de León. Iye hwakadzama zvikuru uye vakarondedzera zvakajeka chirimwa ichi. mbatatisi chidzoke nyaya yave kuziva Mambo Spain, uyo akapa kuti kuunza hombe uwandu mhiri kwemakungwa chigadzirwa. Saka, nemhaka kuSpain, iyo nzvimbo yechizvarirwo of mbatatisi - South America - akagovera miriwo ichi Europe yose. Pakutanga akanga ari Italy, uye gare gare kuBelgium. Pashure paizvozvo, meya raiva Mons (Belgium) akapa tubers shoma kudzidza kwayo chinhu chakakombama uye shamwari muVienna. shamwari chete yake, uyewo nyanzvi, akarondedzera mbatatisi mubhuku rake "On zvinomera." Nemhaka naye, mbatatisi wakaunganidza zita yayo dzesayenzi - Solyanum tuberozum eskulentum (tuber nightshade). Pashure nguva yake mbatatisi Rondedzero uye zita mumunda tsika vava kazhinji kugamuchirwa.

In Ireland

Ndiyo nguva kuIreland, uye 1590s matapiri Yakasvika. Ikoko, akawana mukuru pamutemo nokuti kuti zvakanaka midzi kunyange nekaupenyu zvisingafadzi. ezvinhu. Zvisinei kwezvakatipoteredza, anonaya kana akaoma, nyoro kana unochinja zvisinei tubers vakanga wakasimwa rakaorera kana vadanana, mbatatisi vakauya muchero. Nei wakatandavarira zvokuti 1950 kupfuura chetatu arable nharaunda yose yave yakadyarwa mbatatisi plantings. Vanopfuura hafu wokukohwa yakanga zvainanga kudyiwa nevanhu. Saka, mbatatisi akatanga kudya mangwanani, masikati uye kwemanheru. All zvingava zvakanaka, asi zvino angadai goho murombo? Chii kudya Irish iyi? Havana kuda kufunga nezvazvo.

Zvakaipira murombo parunokohwa

Kana zvisati zvaitika kuti matapiri haana kuuya kutarisirwa goho, zvino isu kuti zvimwe kuedza kupa zvakakodzera rubatsiro kune vawirwa. Uye kana gore rakatevera zvakare rakava kuunganidza nhamba inodiwa yemidzi, yazadza zvinokanganiswa yapfuura nguva. Saka, muna 1845 kwakanga mumwe kukohwa murombo. Asi hapana kunetswa zvinokonzera kuti chiitiko. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti ipapo haana kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro mukupera nenyunje - mbatatisi chirwere, nokuti izvo vakatadza kuunganidza runodiwa huwandu miriwo. The chakuvhe kuti hwacho tubers, zvichitungamirira mbatatisi kuorera mazviri muvhu, uye kunyange pashure yokukohwa kubva kuminda. Uyezve, fungal spores chirwere nyore dzinoparadzirwa kuenda neherikoputa mumate. Uye nokuti kuti kuIreland panguva yakanga matapiri wakasimwa chete siyana rimwe, chirimwa yose chakarasika nokukurumidza. Zvimwezvo zvakaitika mashomanana akatevera, zvichitungamirira pakutanga kusvika urovha uye zvadaro nzara munyika. Sananga sezvarakangoita korera, izvo 1849 vakauraya vanopfuura zviuru 36 vanhu. Nhoroondo mbatatisi pamwe zvisingafadzi. dzoro zvakaitika zvakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti hurumende chakarasikirwa kupfuura kota vagari vemo.

Matapiri: The Story yokushanyira Russia

Zvishoma nezvishoma tsika kupararira muEurope, sezvataona izvi muenzaniso Ireland, uye pakutanga nemasere remakore, kuigadzira akaonekwa Russia. Mumakore iwayo, Petro Ndaiva dzaifanoiswa muNetherlands. Ikoko akanga mukana kuravidza ndiro vakagadzirira kubva matapiri (panguva iyoyo, sezvo ikozvino, havana kuziva kuti mbatatisi musha South America). Vakaravira utsanzi kubika, mambo Russian akati yepakutanga kukaringa mbatatisi muchero. Sezvakaitika Russia delicacy uyu usati, akasarudza kuenda kumba kwake ane saga matapiri. Saka nhoroondo mbatatisi kuRussia akatanga.

Ivhu dema, uyewo kumusoro ivhu acidity itsva tsika zvakanaka kubatwa. Zvisinei, vanhuwo vachiri vasingafariri glances panguva ino miriwo anoshamisa, nekuti nokuda kusaziva nzira kwakarurama rokuzvigadzira zvayo kunge dzakawanda vakuvadzwe nomuchetura. How kuita kuitira kuti kuparadzira matapiri kupfeka pamwero mukuru? Peter ndaiva akangwara murume uye afunga kuti zvinokwanisika kuita. In minda wandei vakanga wakasimwa tubers, tevere akaisa wavarindi, waimira masikati, asi akabva musango usiku. Izvi zvakakonzera kuziva kukuru pakati nyore kuvanhuwo zvavo, uye vakatanga usiku apo hapana anoona podvorovyvat itsva miriwo uye chirimwa muminda yavo. Zvisinei, mashoko ubiquitous apo "ndewevhu apuro" kushanda. Paiva vazhinji vaya "tungamirira" chinopinda michero yayo. Saka, kuti "damn apuro" zvikurukuru vanhuwo zvavo vakaramba kukura. By sezvavanogona 50-60 makore chishamiso muriwo akanga akanganwa kuRussia.

Sezvo mbatatisi pakuzivikanwa

Gare gare, Catherine II airidza hombe basa kuti mbatatisi yava kazhinji kugamuchirwa. Zvisinei, mukuru riwedzere kuti kupararira mudzi zvirimwa akava nzara yakaitika 1860s. Yakanga, uye akarangarira zvose, pane kare vangosiyiwa, uye vakashamiswa vachiona kuti mbatatisi ane wakanaka kunaka uye zvinovaka chaizvo. Sezvo shoko rinobuda, "kwaizova zvazvainge."

Ndizvo yakadaro inofadza nyaya yacho mbatatisi kuRussia. Saka, nokufamba kwenguva, mbatatisi tubers simbi chirimwa munyika. Vanhu nokukurumidza akaziva sei hunoshatisa ichi miriwo kudanda, kunyanya munguva zvakaipa kukohwa zvirimwa. Vachiri vaiona yechipiri chingwa nembatatisi nekuti une zvakakwana mune yakavanda matanda ake, mumwe anogona kurarama kunyange munguva dzakaoma. Nokuda kwavo mafuta tigutsikane uye richibatsira uye nanhasi chinhu chokutanga akaisa mumunda - a mbatatisi tubers.

Sei mbatatisi kwakakurumbira saka muRussia

Sezvo nguva Peter I kamwe vanhu kunzwa pamusoro zvemakemikari uye muviri ukoshi mudzi nomuviri womunhu. Zvisinei, nhoroondo matapiri kunoratidza kuti rine zvinhu kuti zvinodiwa kupona mune nguva nzara, chirwere, uye nenhamo. Chii chinokosha kwazvo uye anobatsira mune senguva mudzi muriwo? Zvakaratidza kuti mapuroteni ake ane anenge ose amino acids kuti tinokwanisa navo chirimwa zvokudya. magiramu mazana matatu miriwo ichi zvakakwana kugutsa nezuva ndozvakajairwa kuti potassium, phosphorus uye makabhohaidhiretsi. Mbatatisi, kunyanya yakachena, akapfuma vhitamini C uye faibha. Uyezve, asiwo mune mamwe kudiwa upenyu, zvakadai simbi, zingi, manganese, ayodhini, yavaibvisa, uye kunyange karusiyamu. Uye kupfuura zvinhu zvinokosha zvinodzidziswa kunyatsoreva mu mbatatisi matehwe, nhasi vasingawanzotauri kudya. Zvisinei, munguva yenzara, vanhuwo usaregeredza akaidya matapiri rose, zvakabikwa kana yakabikwa.

Kukudziridza chete siyana mbatatisi uye nemigumisiro yayo

Sezvatadzidza, mbatatisi nzvimbo yechizvarirwo - South America. Ikoko, varimi akaita nokuchenjera, kuparadzira midzi mhando dzakasiyana. Saka, chete vamwe vakambonzwa chirwere - mushakabvu nenyunje fungal. Saka, kunyange kana mhando yakadaro vakarasika, hazvina kunotoreva njodzi zvinotyisa zvakadai, sapamazuva Ireland. Chokwadi kuti zvakasikwa kune akasiyana chete tsika, anodzivirira vanhu kubva nenhamo mhando iyi. Zvisinei, kana michero kukura chete siyana chete, zvinogona kutungamirira chokuti pane imwe nguva yakanga kuIreland. Uyewo pokushandiswa kwemakemikari fetiraiza uye mishonga yokuuraya zvipembenene, izvo kunyanya kukanganisa mashoko musikirwo uye zvakatipoteredza yose.

The nani grow chete siyana mbatatisi

Pakadaro, kusanganisira Russia, rinokurudzira varimi kukura chete chaiyo siyana mbatatisi? Kumboda ichi chinobata marketability uye zvoupfumi zvinhu. Nokudaro, varimi vari vachitamba rakanaka maonero muchero, uye saizvozvo munhu mukuru kudiwa pakati vatengi. The chidzoke ane mwero mutsika anogona kunzi chokuti imwe mbatatisi siyana kunounza mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakwirira goho kupfuura vamwe. Zvisinei, sezvo tichiziva, akadaro nzira aigona kuva kure-kusvika migumisiro yakaipa.

Colorado mbatatisi beetles - muvengi chikuru Chikwata Russian

kukuvadza Great kuti zvirimwa vanogona kushandisa zvipembenene zvipukanana. Very aizivikanwa webindu ose kana murimi iri mashizha beetles imwe mhando - mumwe Colorado mbatatisi kovakuoriainen. Kokutanga muna 1859, yakanga yakawanikwa sei nematambudziko mazhinji mbatatisi maberekero kunogona kuunza Tupukanana ichi. Zvino mangwanani 1900s, namapute enhunzi asvika Europe. Kana akaunzwa pano netsaona, akakurumidza vakagamuchira kondinendi yose, kusanganisira Russia. Nemhaka kurwisa yayo mishonga, iyo inoshandiswa kurwisa nayo, Tsikidzi iri rinenge muvengi chikuru ose webindu. Saka, kuti agumise kutyisidzira ichi, mukuwedzera kune mishonga, takatanga kushandisa tsika zvokurima. Uye ikozvino muRussia ose muzhizha mugari anoda kungoona mukaravhani zvakakangwa kana zvakabikwa nembatatisi namazimbe mumoto, kutanga tinyatsoziva nyore nzira rokurwisa chipembenene ichi.